Publikace seznamuje s aktuálními poznatky v oblasti klinické výživy a je rovněž základním materiálem pro výukové aktivity Evropské společnosti pro klinickou výživu a metabolismus (ESPEN).

• MeSH
• enterální výživa MeSH
• fyziologie výživy MeSH
• nadměrná výživa MeSH
• parenterální výživa MeSH
• podvýživa MeSH
• sportovní nutriční věda MeSH

• Konspekt
• Hygiena. Lidské zdraví
• NLK Obory
• klinická výživa a intenzivní metabolická péče
• NLK Publikační typ
• kolektivní monografie

Background: in 2010, the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP) published a sarcopenia definition that aimed to foster advances in identifying and caring for people with sarcopenia. In early 2018, the Working Group met again (EWGSOP2) to update the original definition in order to reflect scientific and clinical evidence that has built over the last decade. This paper presents our updated findings. Objectives: to increase consistency of research design, clinical diagnoses and ultimately, care for people with sarcopenia. Recommendations: sarcopenia is a muscle disease (muscle failure) rooted in adverse muscle changes that accrue across a lifetime; sarcopenia is common among adults of older age but can also occur earlier in life. In this updated consensus paper on sarcopenia, EWGSOP2: (1) focuses on low muscle strength as a key characteristic of sarcopenia, uses detection of low muscle quantity and quality to confirm the sarcopenia diagnosis, and identifies poor physical performance as indicative of severe sarcopenia; (2) updates the clinical algorithm that can be used for sarcopenia case-finding, diagnosis and confirmation, and severity determination and (3) provides clear cut-off points for measurements of variables that identify and characterise sarcopenia. Conclusions: EWGSOP2's updated recommendations aim to increase awareness of sarcopenia and its risk. With these new recommendations, EWGSOP2 calls for healthcare professionals who treat patients at risk for sarcopenia to take actions that will promote early detection and treatment. We also encourage more research in the field of sarcopenia in order to prevent or delay adverse health outcomes that incur a heavy burden for patients and healthcare systems.

• MeSH
• biologické markery MeSH
• biomedicínský výzkum MeSH
• kosterní svaly diagnostické zobrazování   patologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• sarkopenie diagnóza   ekonomika   terapie   MeSH
• svalová síla MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• konsensus - konference MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Evropa MeSH

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Malnutrition represents a serious health care threat, as it increases morbidity, mortality and health care cost. The effective screening and treatment with enteral (EN) or parenteral (PN) nutrition are the key elements of the policy called Optimal Nutrition Care for All (ONCA). The study tried to analyze the impact of the state's economy on the implementation of EN and PN to define its role in ONCA. MATERIAL AND METHODS: an international survey in twenty two European countries was performed between January and December 2014. An electronic questionnaire was distributed to 22 representatives of clinical nutrition (PEN) societies. The questionnaire comprised questions regarding country economy, reimbursement, education and the use EN and PN. Return rate was 90.1% (n = 20). RESULTS: EN and PN were used in all countries surveyed (100%), but to different extent. The country's income significantly influenced the reimbursement for EN and PN (p < 0.05). It was also associated with the overall use of tube feeding and PN (p = 0.05), but not with the use of oral nutritional supplements (p = 0.165). The use of both, EN and PN at hospitals was not depended on the economy (p > 0.05). Education was actively carried out in all countries, however the teaching at the pre-graduate level was the least widespread, and also correlated with the country income (p = 0.042). CONCLUSIONS: Results indicated that economic situation influences all aspects of ONCA, including education and treatment. The reimbursement for EN and PN seemed to be the key factor of effective campaign against malnutrition.

• MeSH
• délka pobytu MeSH
• enterální výživa ekonomika   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nemocnice MeSH
• parenterální výživa ekonomika   MeSH
• podvýživa ekonomika   prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• multicentrická studie MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Evropa MeSH

Older subjects are at increased risk of partial or complete loss of independence due to acute and/or chronic disease and often of concomitant protein caloric malnutrition. Nutritional care and support should be an indispensable part of their management. Enteral nutrition is always the first choice for nutrition support. However, when patients cannot meet their nutritional requirements adequately via the enteral route, parenteral nutrition (PN) is indicated. PN is a safe and effective therapeutic procedure and age per se is not a reason to exclude patients from this treatment. The use of PN should always be balanced against a realistic chance of improvement in the general condition of the patient. Lower glucose tolerance, electrolyte and micronutrient deficiencies and lower fluid tolerance should be assumed in older patients treated by PN. Parenteral nutrition can be administered either via peripheral or central veins. Subcutaneous administration is also a possible solution for basic hydration of moderately dehydrated subjects. In the terminal, demented or dying patient the use of PN or hydration should only be given in accordance with other palliative treatments.

• MeSH
• činnosti denního života MeSH
• domácí ošetřování MeSH
• domovy pro seniory MeSH
• enterální výživa kontraindikace   MeSH
• geriatrie normy   MeSH
• kvalita života MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nutriční stav MeSH
• parenterální výživa normy   škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• pečovatelské domovy MeSH
• podvýživa terapie   MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• služby domácí péče MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• Publikační typ
• směrnice pro lékařskou praxi MeSH