Animal home ranges typically characterized by their size, shape and a given time interval can be affected by many different biotic and abiotic factors. However, despite the fact that many studies have addressed home ranges, our knowledge of the factors influencing the size of area occupied by different animals is, in many cases, still quite poor, especially among raptors. Using radio-telemetry (VHF; 2.1 g tail-mounted tags) we studied movements of 20 Tengmalm's owl (Aegolius funereus) males during the breeding season in a mountain area of Central Europe (the Czech Republic, the Ore Mountains: 50° 40' N, 13° 35' E) between years 2006-2010, determined their average hunting home range size and explored what factors affected the size of home range utilised. The mean breeding home range size calculated according to 95% fixed kernel density estimator was 190.7 ± 65.7 ha (± SD) with a median value of 187.1 ha. Home range size was affected by prey abundance, presence or absence of polygyny, the number of fledglings, and weather conditions. Home range size increased with decreasing prey abundance. Polygynously mated males had overall larger home range than those mated monogamously, and individuals with more fledged young possessed larger home range compared to those with fewer raised fledglings. Finally, we found that home ranges recorded during harsh weather (nights with strong wind speed and/or heavy rain) were smaller in size than those registered during better weather. Overall, the results provide novel insights into what factors may influence home range size and emphasize the prey abundance as a key factor for breeding dynamics in Tengmalm's owl.
- MeSH
- predátorské chování MeSH
- roční období MeSH
- sexuální chování zvířat MeSH
- Stringiformes fyziologie MeSH
- teritoriální chování * MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
In altricial birds, energy supply during growth is a major predictor of the physical condition and survival prospects of fledglings. A number of experimental studies have shown that nestling body mass and wing length can vary with particular extrinsic factors, but between-year observational data on this topic are scarce. Based on a seven-year observational study in a central European Tengmalm's owl population we examine the effect of year, brood size, hatching order, and sex on nestling body mass and wing length, as well as the effect of prey abundance on parameters of growth curve. We found that nestling body mass varied among years, and parameters of growth curve, i.e. growth rate and inflection point in particular, increased with increasing abundance of the owl's main prey (Apodemus mice, Microtus voles), and pooled prey abundance (Apodemus mice, Microtus voles, and Sorex shrews). Furthermore, nestling body mass varied with hatching order and between sexes being larger for females and for the first-hatched brood mates. Brood size had no effect on nestling body mass. Simultaneously, we found no effect of year, brood size, hatching order, or sex on the wing length of nestlings. Our findings suggest that in this temperate owl population, nestling body mass is more sensitive to prey abundance than is wing length. The latter is probably more limited by the physiology of the species.
- MeSH
- Arvicolinae fyziologie MeSH
- biologické jevy fyziologie MeSH
- fyziologické jevy fyziologie MeSH
- hnízdění fyziologie MeSH
- křídla zvířecí patologie MeSH
- myši MeSH
- rozmnožování fyziologie MeSH
- sexuální chování fyziologie MeSH
- Stringiformes růst a vývoj fyziologie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- myši MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
A fuzzy model has been developed for the optimization of high-shear wet granulation wetting on a plant scale depending on the characteristics of pharmaceutical active substance particles. The model optimized on the basis of experimental data involves a set of rules obtained from expert knowledge and full-scale process data. The skewness coefficient of particle size distribution and the tapped density of the granulated mixture were chosen as the model input variables. The output of the fuzzy ruled system is the optimal quantity of wetting liquid. In comparison to manufacturing practice, a very strong sensitivity of the optimal quantity of the added wetting liquid to the size and shape of the active substance particles has been identified by fuzzy modeling.
2. uprav. vyd. 139 s.
- Konspekt
- Výchova a vzdělávání
- NLK Obory
- zdravotní výchova
- mikrobiologie, lékařská mikrobiologie
- NLK Publikační typ
- učebnice vysokých škol
2. uprav. vyd. 127 s. : il., tab.
- Konspekt
- Výchova a vzdělávání
- NLK Obory
- zdravotní výchova
- mikrobiologie, lékařská mikrobiologie
- NLK Publikační typ
- učebnice vysokých škol
122 s. : il.
- Konspekt
- Výchova a vzdělávání
- NLK Obory
- zdravotní výchova
- virologie
- NLK Publikační typ
- učebnice vysokých škol
243 s. : il., tab.
- Konspekt
- Výchova a vzdělávání
- NLK Obory
- zdravotní výchova
- mikrobiologie, lékařská mikrobiologie
- NLK Publikační typ
- učebnice vysokých škol
207 s.
- Konspekt
- Výchova a vzdělávání
- NLK Obory
- zdravotní výchova
- mikrobiologie, lékařská mikrobiologie
- NLK Publikační typ
- učebnice vysokých škol
