This research introduces a novel approach by incorporating various types of gelatins, including bovine, porcine, and fish skin, into polycaprolactone and poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) using a solvent casting method. The films are evaluated for morphology, mechanical properties, thermal stability, biodegradability, hemocompatibility, cell adhesion, proliferation, and cytotoxicity. The results show that the incorporation of gelatins into the films alters their mechanical properties, with a decrease in tensile strength but an increase in elongation at break. This indicates that the films become more flexible with the addition of gelatin. Gelatin incorporation has a limited effect on the thermal stability of the films. The composites with the gelatin show higher biodegradability with the highest weight loss in the case of fish gelatin. The films exhibit high hemocompatibility with minimal hemolysis observed. The gelatin has a dynamic effect on cell behavior and promotes long-term cell proliferation. In addition, all composite films reveal exceptionally low levels of cytotoxicity. The combination of the evaluated parameters shows the appropriate level of biocompatibility for gelatin-based samples. These findings provide valuable insights for future studies involving gelatin incorporation in tissue engineering applications.

• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Bone regeneration after injury or after surgical bone removal due to disease is a serious medical challenge. A variety of materials are being tested to replace a missing bone or tooth. Regeneration requires cells capable of proliferation and differentiation in bone tissue. Although there are many possible human cell types available for use as a model for each phase of this process, no cell type is ideal for each phase. Osteosarcoma cells are preferred for initial adhesion assays due to their easy cultivation and fast proliferation, but they are not suitable for subsequent differentiation testing due to their cancer origin and genetic differences from normal bone tissue. Mesenchymal stem cells are more suitable for biocompatibility testing, because they mimic natural conditions in healthy bone, but they proliferate more slowly, soon undergo senescence, and some subpopulations may exhibit weak osteodifferentiation. Primary human osteoblasts provide relevant results in evaluating the effect of biomaterials on cellular activity; however, their resources are limited for the same reasons, like for mesenchymal stem cells. This review article provides an overview of cell models for biocompatibility testing of materials used in bone tissue research.

• MeSH
• biokompatibilní materiály farmakologie   MeSH
• buněčná diferenciace MeSH
• kosti a kostní tkáň * MeSH
• kultivované buňky MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• osteoblasty MeSH
• osteogeneze MeSH
• proliferace buněk MeSH
• tkáňové inženýrství * metody   MeSH
• tkáňové podpůrné struktury MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH

Cíl: Cílem studie bylo zmapovat morfometrii a variabilitu části břišní aorty a jejích větví - a. coeliaca (AC), a. mesenterica cranialis (AMC) a obou renálních tepen (ARS, ARD). Metodika: Byly hodnoceny CT skeny 13 zvířat (7 XY, 6 XX) o hmotnosti 28–33 kg, plemeno Přeštické černostrakaté. Měření byla prováděna na multiplanárních rekonstrukcích (MPR), tloušťka řezů 0,8 mm. Byl hodnocen průměr (P) aorty (Ao) a tepen AC, AMC a aa. renales v místě odstupu P Ao(X), včetně úhlu jejich odstupu (ÚO). Výsledky: Aorta se zužovala kaudálně, průměr v odstupu (P Ao (X)) AC a AMC byl 1,1 cm, P Ao(ARD, ARS) = 0,9 cm. Nejširší větví byla a. mesenterica cranialis. Průměrné hodnoty průsvitu kořene měřených tepen byly: P (AC) = 0,6 cm, P (AMC) = 0,7 cm, P (ARD, ARS) = 0,5 cm. Větve odstupovaly v kaudálně ostrém úhlu ÚO (X): ÚO (AC) = 67,9°, ÚO (AMC) = 75,8°, ÚO (ARD) = 64,4°, ÚO (ARS) = 72,2°. Středně silnou variabilitu úhlu odstupu jsme prokázali u úhlů odstupu AC a ARS (koeficient variace > 30, směrodatná odchylka > 20°). Sedmdesát procent renálních tepen (N = 9) odstupovalo stranově asymetricky v rozmezí L2–3. U samic byla pravá renální tepna širší (p = 0,007). Závěr: Naše výsledky mapují část tepen břicha u obou pohlaví prasete domácího (plemeno Přeštické černostrakaté, N = 13, hmotnost 28–33 kg). Předpokládáme jejich využití při plánování preklinických studií, pro zdokonalování chirurgického výcviku na prasečích modelech v oblasti cévní chirurgie i zobrazovacích metod.

Aim: The aim of the study was to map the morphometry and variability of a part of the abdominal aorta and its branches – the coeliac artery (AC), the cranial mesenteric artery (AMC) and both renal arteries (ARS, ARD). Methods: CT scans of 13 animals ((7 XY, 6 XX), weigh 28–33 kg, Přeštice black-pied breed) were evaluated. Measurements were performed in multiplanar reconstructions (MPR), slice thickness 0.8 mm. The transverse diameter (P) of aorta (Ao), AC, AMC and ARs at the point of separation P Ao(X), the exit angle (ÚO) including, were assessed. Results: Aorta narrowed caudally, in the segment between the AC and AR from 1.1 cm to 0.9 cm. The largest branch was the cranial mesenteric artery. The average values of the branches root lumen diameter P (X) were: P (AC) = 0.6 cm, P (AMC) = 0.7 cm, P (ARD, ARS) = 0.5 cm. The branches departed in a caudally sharp angle: ÚO (AC) = 67.9°, ÚO (AMC) = 75.8°, ÚO (ARD) = 64.4°, ÚO (ARS) = 72.2°. Moderately strong variability of the exit angle of the AC, and the ARS was demonstrated (coefficient of variation > 30, standard deviation > 20°). 70% of the renal arteries (N = 9) showed right-left asymmetry and exited between L2–3. In females, the right renal artery was wider (p = 0.007). Conclusions: Our results map a part of the abdominal arteries of the domestic pig, the Přeštice black-pied breed (N = 13, both sexes, weigh 28–33 kg). We anticipate their use for the preclinical studies designing, the surgical and imaging methods training in the field of vascular surgery.

• Klíčová slova
• morfometrie,
• MeSH
• aorta abdominalis anatomie a histologie   diagnostické zobrazování   MeSH
• arterie * anatomie a histologie   diagnostické zobrazování   MeSH
• CT angiografie MeSH
• neparametrická statistika MeSH
• pilotní projekty MeSH
• prasata * anatomie a histologie   MeSH
• statistika jako téma MeSH
• tělesné váhy a míry MeSH
• Publikační typ
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

A 120-day experiment was conducted to compare the removal of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from agricultural soil after natural attenuation (NA), phytoremediation (P), mycoremediation (M), and plant-assisted mycoremediation (PAM) approaches in relation to the extracellular enzyme activities in soil. The NA treatment removed the total soil PAH content negligibly. The P treatment using maize (Zea mays) enhanced only the removal of low and medium molecular PAHs. The Pleurotus ostreatus cultivated on 30-50 mm wood chip substrate used in M treatment was the most successful in the removal of majority PAHs. Therefore, significantly (p < 0.05) highest total PAH removal by 541.4 μg/kg dw (dry weight) (36%) from all tested M treatments was observed. When using the same fungal substrate together with maize in PAM treatment, the total PAH removal was not statistically different from the previous M treatment. However, the maize-assisted mycoremediation treatment significantly boosted fungal biomass, microbial and manganese peroxidase activity in soil which strongly correlated with the removal of total PAHs. The higher PAH removal in that PAM treatment could be reflected in the following post-harvest time. Our suggested M and PAM approaches could be promising in situ bioremediation strategies for PAH-contaminated soils.

• MeSH
• biodegradace MeSH
• biomasa MeSH
• extracelulární prostor enzymologie   MeSH
• kukuřice setá cytologie   metabolismus   MeSH
• látky znečišťující půdu izolace a purifikace   metabolismus   MeSH
• peroxidasy metabolismus   MeSH
• Pleurotus cytologie   metabolismus   MeSH
• polycyklické aromatické uhlovodíky izolace a purifikace   metabolismus   MeSH
• půda chemie   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• srovnávací studie MeSH

An experiment was established to compare composting and vermicomposting for decreasing the content of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in biomass fly ash incorporated into organic waste mixtures. PAH removal from the ash-organic waste mixture was compared to the same mixture spiked with PAHs. The removal of 16 individual ash PAHs ranged between 28.7 and 98.5% during the 240 day experiment. Greater dissipation of total PAH content of ash origin was observed at the end of composting (84.5%) than after the vermicomposting (61.6%). Most ash PAHs were removed similarly to spiked PAHs through the composting and vermicomposting processes. Higher manganese peroxidase in composting treatments indicated increased activity of ligninolytic PAH-degrading microorganisms. 3D models of total PAH removal were parametrized using the polarity index and organic matter content, and paraboloid equations for each treatment were estimated (all R2 > 0.91). A two-phase model of pseudo-first order kinetics analysis showed faster PAH removal by higher rate constants during the first 120 days of the experiment. The compost and vermicompost produced from the bioremediation treatments are usable as soil organic amendments.

• MeSH
• biodegradace * MeSH
• biomasa * MeSH
• kinetika MeSH
• kompostování * MeSH
• látky znečišťující půdu analýza   MeSH
• lipasa chemie   MeSH
• odpadní vody analýza   MeSH
• Oligochaeta MeSH
• peroxidasy chemie   MeSH
• polycyklické aromatické uhlovodíky chemie   MeSH
• popel uhelný MeSH
• půda MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH