Případ popisuje výskyt echinokokové infekce u lemura tmavého (Eulemur macaco macaco) v olomoucké zoologické zahradě. Diagnóza byla stanovena na základě sonografického vyšetření a následného mikroskopického vyšetření punktátu, který obsahoval protoskolexy tasemnic. Jako terapie byla zvolena metoda PAIR (puncture, aspiration, injection, re-aspiration) a doprovodná aplikace fenbendazolu. Vzhledem ke zhoršení zdravotního stavu bylo zvíře utraceno. Postmortální vyšetření prokázalo velký cystický útvar obalený mezenteriem vyplňující téměř celou dutinu břišní a menší cystický útvar na řezu spongiózního charakteru v játrech. V aspirátu i v obsahu drobných cyst byly mikroskopicky detekovány jednotlivé i mnohočetné protoskolexy odpovídající rodu Echinococcus. Vzhledem k charakteru stěny cysty a germinativní vrstvy se jednalo o infekci Echinococcus multilocularis (alveolární echinokokózu). Identifikace původce byla potvrzena také na základě molekulární analýzy.

The case report describes the incidence of echinococcosis in black lemur (Eulemur macaco macaco) in the Olomouc zoological garden. The diagnosis was established on the sonographic examination and subsequent microscopic examination of the aspirate, which contained protoscoleces of tapeworms. As a therapy method was chosen PAIR (puncture, aspiration, injection, re-aspiration) and fenbendazole treatment. Due to exacerbation of the health conditions, the animal was euthanized. Post-mortal examinations revealed a large cystic formation coated by the mesentery in abdominal cavity, and a small polycystic lesion in the liver. The protoscoleces corresponding to the genus Echinococcus were detected in the cyst contains. Determination of Echinococcus multilocularis infection (alveolar echinococcosis) was based on the cyst wall morphology and confirmed by molecular analysis.

• Klíčová slova
• metoda PAIR,
• MeSH
• Echinococcus multilocularis izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• echinokokóza jater * parazitologie   patologie   veterinární   terapie   MeSH
• eutanazie u zvířat MeSH
• játra parazitologie   patologie   ultrasonografie   MeSH
• Lemur MeSH
• zvířata v ZOO * MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• kazuistiky MeSH

Decreased levels of Nogo-A-dependent signaling have been shown to affect behavior and cognitive functions. In Nogo-A knockout and knockdown laboratory rodents, behavioral alterations were observed, possibly corresponding with human neuropsychiatric diseases of neurodevelopmental origin, particularly schizophrenia. This study offers further insight into behavioral manifestations of Nogo-A knockdown in laboratory rats, focusing on spatial and non-spatial cognition, anxiety levels, circadian rhythmicity, and activity patterns. Demonstrated is an impairment of cognitive functions and behavioral flexibility in a spatial active avoidance task, while non-spatial memory in a step-through avoidance task was spared. No signs of anhedonia, typical for schizophrenic patients, were observed in the animals. Some measures indicated lower anxiety levels in the Nogo-A-deficient group. Circadian rhythmicity in locomotor activity was preserved in the Nogo-A knockout rats and their circadian period (tau) did not differ from controls. However, daily activity patterns were slightly altered in the knockdown animals. We conclude that a reduction of Nogo-A levels induces changes in CNS development, manifested as subtle alterations in cognitive functions, emotionality, and activity patterns.

• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Place navigation is essential for an animal's survival and this behavior has attracted the attention of scientists focused on the neural and neuropharmacological bases of learning and memory. Many navigational tests are employed today, such as the Morris water maze (MWM) which demands a precise representation of an unmarked place. Another spatial paradigm is the active place avoidance task. It requires mainly cognitive coordination in contrast to the MWM. Various rat strains are used in the research of animal models of cognitive impairments. The aim of this study was to compare sensitivity to the administration of higher doses (1.5mg/kg and 3mg/kg) of the central cholinergic blocker, scopolamine in outbred Long-Evans and Wistar rats. The results showed that while Wistar rats were more strongly affected by cholinergic blockade in the active place avoidance than Long-Evans rats, no differences were seen in the MWM. Long-Evans rats also showed better baseline performance in the active place avoidance and visible platform versions of the MWM (the latter suggesting better vision). This study demonstrated task-specific inter-strain differences in sensitivity to central cholinergic blockade in an active place avoidance task requiring cognitive coordination.

• MeSH
• antagonisté muskarinových receptorů farmakologie   MeSH
• bludiště - učení účinky léků   MeSH
• elektrický šok MeSH
• krysa rodu rattus MeSH
• pohybová aktivita účinky léků   MeSH
• potkani Long-Evans MeSH
• potkani Wistar MeSH
• psychomotorický výkon účinky léků   MeSH
• skopolamin farmakologie   MeSH
• učení vyhýbat se účinky léků   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• krysa rodu rattus MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• srovnávací studie MeSH

Deficient working memory was proposed as an endophenotype of schizophrenia. Such deficits are also commonly found in animal models of schizophrenia-like behavior of various origins. An allothetic place avoidance alternation task was proposed as a behavioral test of visuospatial working memory. This study tested the hypothesis that working memory in this test would be impaired by acute pre-test treatment with MK-801 (dizocilpine) in an animal model possessing high phenomenological and predictive validity. Furthermore, the study sought to determine the effect of pretraining to the task prior to treatment on the subsequent learning in the animal model. The results show that both doses of MK-801 (0.12 mg/kg and 0.15 mg/kg) significantly impaired working memory in the alternation paradigm, and both doses also increased locomotor activity. Notably, in previously pretrained animals, the significant effect of MK-801 on working memory was absent, despite persistent hyperlocomotion. These results showed that a deficit in working memory was detectable in this animal model of schizophrenia-like behavior, but its occurrence depended on the previous experience of animals with familiarization in the task.

• MeSH
• antagonisté excitačních aminokyselin toxicita   MeSH
• dizocilpinmaleát toxicita   MeSH
• krysa rodu rattus MeSH
• modely nemocí na zvířatech * MeSH
• potkani Long-Evans MeSH
• schizofrenie chemicky indukované   patofyziologie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• krysa rodu rattus MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH