Few cases of spontaneously horizontally transferred bacterial genes into plant genomes have been described to date. The occurrence of horizontally transferred genes from the T-DNA of Agrobacterium rhizogenes into the plant genome has been reported in the genus Nicotiana and in the species Linaria vulgaris. Here we compare patterns of evolution in one of these genes (a gene encoding mikimopine synthase, mis) following three different events of horizontal gene transfer (HGT). As this gene plays an important role in Agrobacterium, and there are known cases showing that genes from pathogens can acquire plant protection function, we hypothesised that in at least some of the studied species we will find signs of selective pressures influencing mis sequence. The mikimopine synthase (mis) gene evolved in a different manner in the branch leading to Nicotiana tabacum and N. tomentosiformis, in the branch leading to N. glauca and in the genus Linaria. Our analyses of the genus Linaria suggest that the mis gene began to degenerate soon after the HGT. In contrast, in the case of N. glauca, the mis gene evolved under significant selective pressures. This suggests a possible role of mikimopine synthase in current N. glauca and its ancestor(s). In N. tabacum and N. tomentosiformis, the mis gene has a common frameshift mutation that disrupted its open reading frame. Interestingly, our results suggest that in spite of the frameshift, the mis gene could evolve under selective pressures. This sequence may still have some regulatory role at the RNA level as suggested by coverage of this sequence by small RNAs in N. tabacum.
- MeSH
- Agrobacterium enzymologie genetika MeSH
- bakteriální proteiny klasifikace genetika metabolismus MeSH
- druhová specificita MeSH
- fylogeneze MeSH
- imidazoly metabolismus MeSH
- interakce hostitele a patogenu genetika MeSH
- Linaria genetika mikrobiologie MeSH
- molekulární evoluce MeSH
- molekulární sekvence - údaje MeSH
- oxidoreduktasy působící na CH-NH vazby klasifikace genetika metabolismus MeSH
- posunová mutace MeSH
- přenos genů horizontální * MeSH
- pyridiny metabolismus MeSH
- regulace genové exprese enzymů MeSH
- sekvence nukleotidů MeSH
- selekce (genetika) MeSH
- tabák klasifikace genetika mikrobiologie MeSH
- transformace genetická MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
The ability of Linaria vulgaris (Scrophulariaceae) infusion to act as a scavenger of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical, reactive oxygen species (superoxide radical, hydroxyl radical, hypochlorous acid (HOCl)) and nitric oxide was investigated. The obtained data indicate that the infusion has a good scavenging activity against superoxide radical and is a very potent nitric oxide and DPPH scavenger. In hydroxyl radical assay a pro-oxidant capacity was noticed, especially for concentrations higher than 31.25 microg mL(-1). No effect was found against HOCl. A phytochemical study of this extract was also performed. The HPLC/UV analysis allowed the identification and quantification of eight organic acids (oxalic, aconitic, citric, ketoglutaric, ascorbic, malic, shikimic and fumaric acids). The phenolic composition of the lyophilised infusion was also determined by HPLC/DAD and four compounds were quantified, but, despite its high content, only linarin was managed to be identified.
- MeSH
- bifenylové sloučeniny chemie MeSH
- fenoly analýza MeSH
- financování organizované MeSH
- hydraziny chemie MeSH
- hydroxylový radikál chemie MeSH
- kyselina chlorná chemie MeSH
- kyseliny karboxylové analýza MeSH
- Linaria chemie MeSH
- oxid dusnatý chemie MeSH
- pikráty MeSH
- scavengery volných radikálů analýza MeSH
- superoxidy chemie MeSH
- vysokoúčinná kapalinová chromatografie MeSH
