The innate immune response represents the first-line of defense against invading pathogens. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) have been implicated in various aspects of innate immune function, which involves respiratory bursts and inflammasome activation. These reactive species widely distributed within the cellular environment are short-lived intermediates that play a vital role in cellular signaling and proliferation and are likely to depend on their subcellular site of formation. NADPH oxidase complex of phagocytes is known to generate superoxide anion radical (O2•-) that functions as a precursor for antimicrobial hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) production, and H2O2 is utilized by myeloperoxidase (MPO) to generate hypochlorous acid (HOCl) that mediates pathogen killing. H2O2 modulates the expression of redox-responsive transcriptional factors, namely NF-kB, NRF2, and HIF-1, thereby mediating redox-based epigenetic modification. Survival and function of immune cells are under redox control and depend on intracellular and extracellular levels of ROS/RNS. The current review focuses on redox factors involved in the activation of immune response and the role of ROS in oxidative modification of proteins in macrophage polarization and neutrophil function.
- MeSH
- antibakteriální látky aplikace a dávkování terapeutické užití MeSH
- antiinfekční látky lokální aplikace a dávkování terapeutické užití MeSH
- chlornan sodný aplikace a dávkování terapeutické užití MeSH
- doxycyklin aplikace a dávkování terapeutické užití MeSH
- kyselina hyaluronová aplikace a dávkování terapeutické užití MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- periimplantitida * diagnóza etiologie terapie MeSH
- regenerace kostí MeSH
- stomatochirurgické výkony metody MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- kazuistiky MeSH
OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effect of smear layer deproteinization using hypochlorous acid (HOCl) with/without metal chlorides (SrCl2 and ZnCl2) on the microtensile bond strength (μTBS) of two simplified adhesives to dentin. METHODS: Human dentin surfaces with a standardized smear layer were pretreated using a 105 ppm HOCl solution with/without SrCl2 (0.05 M, 0.1 M, 0.2 M, 0.4 M) or ZnCl2 (0.05 M, 0.1 M, 0.2 M) for 5 s, 15 s, or 30 s. After the deproteinizing solution was washed out with water for 5 s, 15 s, or 30 s, pretreated surfaces were bonded with one-step self-etch adhesive Bond Force II or universal adhesive Clearfil Universal Bond Quick, and μTBS was measured after 24 h. Additionally, the deproteinizing effects of HOCl solutions with/without the metal chlorides were compared by measuring changes in the amide:phosphate ratio using attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Statistical analysis was performed using multifactor ANOVA, Tukey's post hoc tests and t-tests (p < 0.05). RESULTS: Pretreatment with pure HOCl for 15 s and 30 s significantly decreased the amide:phosphate ratio (p < 0.05), indicating effective deproteinization, but the μTBS of both adhesives increased significantly only if HOCl was washed out for 30 s (p < 0.05). Increasing the concentrations of metal chlorides enabled shortening of the wash-out time down to 5 s while maintaining the improved μTBS (p < 0.05). The deproteinizing effect of HOCl was not significantly altered by the addition of metal chlorides (p > 0.05). SIGNIFICANCE: The effectiveness of smear layer deproteinization using HOCl can be improved by the addition of metal chlorides, as their increasing concentration allowed to shorten the wash-out time from 30 s down to 5 s.
- MeSH
- amidy analýza farmakologie MeSH
- chloridy analýza farmakologie MeSH
- dentin chemie MeSH
- dentinová adheziva chemie MeSH
- fosfáty farmakologie MeSH
- kyselina chlorná analýza farmakologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- pevnost v tahu MeSH
- pryskyřičné cementy chemie MeSH
- smear layer * MeSH
- testování materiálů MeSH
- vazba zubní * MeSH
- zubní cementy farmakologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
This study investigated the influence of application/wash-out times of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and hypochlorous acid (HOCl) on dentin bond strength of one-step self-etch adhesives (1-SEAs). Human coronal dentin discs with a standardized smear layer were pretreated with 6% NaOCl or 100 ppm HOCl for 5 s, 15 s, or 30 s, and washed out with water for 5 s, 15 s or 30 s with or without the application of Clearfil DC Activator (CDA). No pretreatment was used as a control. The discs were bonded with a 1-SEA (Bond Force II or Clearfil Universal Bond Quick) and microtensile bond strength (μTBS) was measured after 24 h. Pretreatment with NaOCl for 15 s and 30 s significantly decreased μTBS (p<0.05), irrespective of wash-out time. The application of CDA recovered μTBS but did not outperform the control group. Conversely, pretreatment with HOCl for 15 s and 30 s followed by 30 s wash-out time significantly increased μTBS of 1-SEAs (p<0.05), regardless of CDA application.
BACKGROUND: Prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is a type II membrane protein widely expressed on the surface of prostate cancer cells. One of its functions is to act as a receptor mediating the ligand internalization. This PSMA property is employed in the diagnostics and therapy of prostate cancer. Over the years, small molecules with high affinity for PSMA have been developed and labelled with positron emitters (e.g. 68Ga, 18F, 11C, 64Cu, or 86Y). One of these radiolabelled ligands, [68Ga] PSMA-11, is one of the most widespread tracers for PET imaging of the prostate cancer. Many techniques have been proposed and tested for the 68Ga labelling of PSMA-11. The aim of our work was to design a labelling method of PSMA-11 that minimizes number of the used chemicals and steps, providing quantitative labelling yield at laboratory temperature and may be easily automated. METHODOLOGY: A68Ge/68Ga generator eluate in 0.1 M HCl was loaded on an activated Oasis MCX cartridge, and the cartridge was then thoroughly washed with water. The radionuclide 68Ga was eluted from the cartridge with 0.1 M NaHCO3 (pH = 8.5, n = 36) or with the same solution with pH adjusted to 7.2-9.0 (n = 38). Precursor PSMA-11 was mixed directly with the cartridge eluate of 68Ga in 0.1 M NaHCO3 of given pH. For the stability test, samples of 68GaPSMA-11 in 0.1 M NaHCO3 (pH 8.5) were mixed in ratio 1 : 1 with the following solutions: 0.1 M NaHCO3 (pH 8.5), human serum, PBS and 0.9% NaCl. In order to estimate an effect of the time elapsed between 68Ga elution from the cartridge in 0.1 M NaHCO3 (pH 8.5) and the labelling onset of PSMA-11, the latter was initiated 0, 5, 10 and 20 min post elution and radiochemical yield was monitored. All the PSMA-11 labelled samples were subjected to radiochemical purity test using HPLC. The whole process starting from generator elution up to HPLC analysis commencement took 10-15 min. RESULTS: Recovery of 68Ga from cartridge Oasis MCX using 0.1 M NaHCO3 at pH 8.5 was 71.5 ± 1.4%. Thirty six PSMA-11 samples (10 μg in reaction mixture) were labelled at pH 8.5 with total average radiochemical yield of 98 ± 2%. Recovery of 68Ga from cartridge Oasis MCX using 0.1 M NaHCO3 at variable pH of 7.2-9.0 was 62.5 ± 1.8% showing certain decrease with decreasing pH. A total of 138 samples of PSMA-11 were labelled with 68 Ga at variable pH (7.2-9.0) and four different amounts of PSMA-11 (1, 2.5, 5 and 10 μg) resulting in the labelling yields of 54.0 ± 5.3%, 88.2 ± 3.2%, 99.4 ± 0.3% and 99.9 ± 0.1%, respectively. Irrespective of the pH, the radiolabelling yield was quantitative for the molar ratio PSMA-11: 68Ga > 5000 : 1 in the reaction mixture. Stability tests in 0.1 M NaHCO3 (pH 8.5), human serum, PBS and 0.9% NaCl revealed no observable release of 68Ga from the 68Ga-PSMA-11 complex within 3 h. Similarly, the delay between the 68Ga elution from the Oasis MCX cartridge in 0.1 M NaHCO3 (pH 8.5) and start of the labelling of PSMA-11 labelling has no effect on the radiochemical yield. CONCLUSION: A new method of labelling PSMA-11 ligand with 68Ga in 0.1 M NaHCO3 using Oasis MCX cartridges was proposed, developed and tested. The results demonstrated that it is rapid, simple, reproducible and easy to automate.
- MeSH
- antigeny povrchové chemie MeSH
- chlornan sodný chemie MeSH
- glutamátkarboxypeptidasa II chemie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- ligandy MeSH
- radioizotopy galia chemie MeSH
- reprodukovatelnost výsledků MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Electron-deficient chlorine covalently immobilised on an amido group of hyaluronic acid (HA) can be potentially exceptional for applications requiring biodegradable and biocompatible polymers with enhanced antibacterial or antiviral activity. This expectation is supported by the assumption that a small amount of HA chloramide (HACl) is formed in the extracellular matrix under inflammatory conditions by a reaction of endogenous HA with hypochlorous acid (HClO) generated by a myeloperoxidase/H2O2/Cl- system. HACl synthesis optimisation showed significant limitations of HClO as an oxidative agent where only lower degrees of substitution (DS) was achieved. Commercially available oxidative agents based on chlorinated isocyanuric acid were successfully tested, producing the HA chain with almost entirely chlorinated amidic groups. The structure of the final HACl was thoroughly studied using advanced 2-dimensional NMR methodologies and LC/MS. Stability of HACl at different temperatures was monitored over 12 months. Preliminary antimicrobial and antiviral tests demonstrated the potential of HACl for applications in biomedicine.
- MeSH
- antibakteriální látky chemie farmakologie MeSH
- antifungální látky chemie farmakologie MeSH
- antivirové látky chemie farmakologie MeSH
- Bacteria účinky léků MeSH
- chloraminy chemie farmakologie MeSH
- halogenace MeSH
- houby účinky léků MeSH
- kyselina chlorná chemie MeSH
- kyselina hyaluronová chemie MeSH
- viry účinky léků MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Cíl: Cílem práce je ověřit účinek několika biocidů využívaných v ČR pro zabezpečení teplé vody proti výskytu legionel. Do pokusu byly zařazeny jednoznačně chemicky definované látky (chlornan sodný, oxid chloričitý, chloritany a chlorečnany) a pak směsné přípravky (DUOZON, SANOSIL). Metody: Pro experimenty byl jako základní testovací materiál použit přírodní izolát Legionella pneumophila, sg 1, zachycený při běžném vyšetřování vzorků teplé vody. Sbírkové kmeny jsou pro tyto pokusy nevhodné, protože pasážemi na pevných půdách ztrácejí některé vlastnosti. Testovací kmen byl ve vodném roztoku (ve vodovodní vodě) a v příslušném ředění vystaven vybraným koncentracím biocidů po dobu 60 minut, aby bylo možno stanovit nejnižší účinné koncentrace, při kterých planktonní formy legionel hynou. Počet legionel ve vzorcích před a po expozici byl stanoven podle ČSN EN ISO 11731. Koncentrace biocidů byla měřena na počátku každého pokusu. Výsledky: Podle výsledků pokusů jsou testované biocidy srovnány podle nejnižší účinné koncentrace, v pořadí: 1. oxid chloričitý (0,2 mg/l), 2. chlornan sodný a DUOZON (0,7 mg/l jako Cl), 3. SANOSIL (100 mg/l), 4. chloritan sodný (600 mg/l), 5. chlorečnan sodný (1000 mg/l). Závěr: Testované biocidy prodávané na českém trhu prokázaly v laboratorním pokusu způsobilost ničit legionely. Pokusem byly stanoveny nejnižší koncentrace, které ještě poskytují účinnou prevenci legionel v teplé vodě.
Objective: The objective of the paper was to verify the effects of several biocides used in the Czech Republic for prevention of legionella in hot water systems. Selected biocides were tested (sodium hypochlorite, chlorine dioxide, chlorites and chlorates) as well as compounds (DUOZON, SANOSIL). Method: A natural strain of Legionella pneumophila, sg 1, isolated during regular testing of warm water samples was used for testing. Because control strains lose some of their properties in storage they are inappropriate for this type of testing. The testing strain was exposed to varying concentrations of biocides in tap water for a 60 minute period to determine the lowest possible concentration at which legionella plankton forms were destroyed. Legionella counts prior to and after exposure were determined according to CSN EN ISO 11731. Biocide concentrations were measured at the start of each test. Results: Tested biocides were compared according to their lowest effective concentrations: 1) chlorine dioxide (0.2 mg/l), 2) sodium hypochlorite and DUOZON (0.7 mg/l as Cl), 3) SANOSIL (100 mg/l), 4) trisodium phosphate (600 mg/l) and, 5) sodium chlorate (1,000 mg/l). Conclusion: The tested biocides commercially available in CR were at constant dosing adequately effective as prevention against legionella in warm water.
- Klíčová slova
- aspergilom,
- MeSH
- aspergilóza diagnóza MeSH
- chlornan sodný škodlivé účinky MeSH
- chybná zdravotní péče škodlivé účinky MeSH
- diferenciální diagnóza MeSH
- gutaperča škodlivé účinky MeSH
- hydroxid vápenatý škodlivé účinky MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nežádoucí účinky léčiv MeSH
- ortodontická extruze * škodlivé účinky MeSH
- rentgendiagnostika zubní MeSH
- rinitida diagnóza terapie MeSH
- výplňové materiály kořenových kanálků škodlivé účinky MeSH
- zánět čelistní dutiny * diagnostické zobrazování terapie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
The effect of smear layer-deproteinizing pretreatment using hypochlorous acid (HOCl) on the micro-shear bond strengths (μSBS) of conventional and resin-modified glass-ionomer cements (GIC) to dentin was investigated and compared with demineralizing pretreatment with polyacrylic acid (PAA). Three GICs: Fuji IX GP Extra (restorative conventional GIC), GC Fuji II LC EM (restorative resin-modified GIC), and GC Fuji Luting EX (luting resin-modified GIC), were used. One hundred fifty human molars were divided into groups (n = 10) according to the cements and dentin pretreatments; no pretreatment (control), 10 s PAA pretreatment, and HOCl pretreatment for 5, 15, or 30 s. After 24 h, μSBS was tested and the data were statistically analyzed using a two-way ANOVA, followed by Tukey's post-hoc test. HOCl pretreatment significantly increased μSBS of conventional GIC compared to the control group. For resin-modified restorative GIC, 5 s HOCl deproteinization significantly increased μSBS, while longer application times did not. There was no significant difference between HOCl-pretreated and control groups of resin-modified luting GIC. PAA pretreatment increased the μSBS of all cements significantly. In conclusion, smear layer deproteinization with HOCl can enhance the dentin bonding of conventional GIC. However, the residual radicals may adversely affect the polymerization of resin-modified GICs.
Anthracyclines are a class of pharmaceuticals used in cancer treatment have the potential to negatively impact the environment. To study the possibilities of anthracyclines (represented by pirarubicin and valrubicin) removal, chemical inactivation using NaOH (0.01 M) and NaClO (5%) as decontamination agents and adsorption to powdered nanocrystalline titanium dioxide (TiO2) were compared. The titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles were prepared via homogeneous precipitation of an aqueous solution of titanium (IV) oxy-sulfate (TiOSO4) at different amount (5-120 g) with urea. The as-prepared TiO2 samples were characterized by XRD, HRSEM and nitrogen physisorption. The adsorption process of anthracycline cytostatics was determined followed by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and an in-situ Diffuse Reflectance Infrared Fourier Transform Spectroscopy (DRIFTS) technique. It was found that NaClO decomposes anthracyclines to form various transformation products (TPs). No TPs were identified after the reaction of valrubicin with a NaOH solution as well as in the presence of TiO2 nanoparticles. The best degree of removal, 100% of pirarubicin and 85% of valrubicin, has been achieved in a sample with 120 grams of TiOSO4 (TIT120) and TiO2 with 60 grams (TIT60), respectively.
- MeSH
- adsorpce MeSH
- chemické látky znečišťující vodu chemie izolace a purifikace MeSH
- chlornan sodný chemie MeSH
- cytostatické látky chemie izolace a purifikace MeSH
- dekontaminace metody MeSH
- doxorubicin analogy a deriváty chemie izolace a purifikace MeSH
- hydrolýza MeSH
- hydroxid sodný chemie MeSH
- krystalizace MeSH
- nanostruktury chemie MeSH
- povrchové vlastnosti MeSH
- titan chemie MeSH
- velikost částic MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- srovnávací studie MeSH
