Pulsatilla patens s.s. is a one of the most endangered plant species in Europe. The present range of this species in Europe is highly fragmented and the size of the populations has been dramatically reduced in the past 50 years. The rapid disappearance of P. patens localities in Europe has prompted the European Commission to initiate active protection of this critically endangered species. The aim of this study was to estimate the degree and distribution of genetic diversity within European populations of this endangered species. We screened 29 populations of P. patens using a set of six microsatellite primers. The results of our study indicate that the analyzed populations are characterized by low levels of genetic diversity (Ho = 0.005) and very high levels of inbreeding (FIS = 0.90). These results suggest that genetic erosion could be partially responsible for the lower fitness in smaller populations of this species. Private allelic richness was very low, being as low as 0.00 for most populations. Average genetic diversity over loci and mean number of alleles in P. patens populations were significantly correlated with population size, suggesting severe genetic drift. The results of AMOVA point to higher levels of variation within populations than between populations.The results of Structure and PCoA analyses suggest that the genetic structure of the studied P. patens populations fall into three clusters corresponding to geographical regions. The most isolated populations (mostly from Romania) formed a separate group with a homogeneous gene pool located at the southern, steppic part of the distribution range. Baltic, mostly Polish, populations fall into two genetic groups which were not fully compatible with their geographic distribution.Our results indicate the serious genetic depauperation of P. patens in the western part of its range, even hinting at an ongoing extinction vortex. Therefore, special conservation attention is required to maintain the populations of this highly endangered species of European Community interest.
- MeSH
- frekvence genu genetika MeSH
- genetická variace genetika MeSH
- genetický drift MeSH
- hustota populace MeSH
- mikrosatelitní repetice genetika MeSH
- ohrožené druhy * MeSH
- populační genetika * MeSH
- Pulsatilla genetika MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- východní Evropa MeSH
BACKGROUND: The European continent is presently colonized by nine species of the genus Pulsatilla, five of which are encountered only in mountainous regions of southwest and south-central Europe. The remaining four species inhabit lowlands in the north-central and eastern parts of the continent. Most plants of the genus Pulsatilla are rare and endangered, which is why most research efforts focused on their biology, ecology and hybridization. The objective of this study was to develop genomic resources, including complete plastid genomes and nuclear rRNA clusters, for three sympatric Pulsatilla species that are most commonly found in Central Europe. The results will supply valuable information about genetic variation, which can be used in the process of designing primers for population studies and conservation genetics research. The complete plastid genomes together with the nuclear rRNA cluster can serve as a useful tool in hybridization studies. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Six complete plastid genomes and nuclear rRNA clusters were sequenced from three species of Pulsatilla using the Illumina sequencing technology. Four junctions between single copy regions and inverted repeats and junctions between the identified locally-collinear blocks (LCB) were confirmed by Sanger sequencing. Pulsatilla genomes of 120 unique genes had a total length of approximately 161-162 kb, and 21 were duplicated in the inverted repeats (IR) region. Comparative plastid genomes of newly-sequenced Pulsatilla and the previously-identified plastomes of Aconitum and Ranunculus species belonging to the family Ranunculaceae revealed several variations in the structure of the genome, but the gene content remained constant. The nuclear rRNA cluster (18S-ITS1-5.8S-ITS2-26S) of studied Pulsatilla species is 5795 bp long. Among five analyzed regions of the rRNA cluster, only Internal Transcribed Spacer 2 (ITS2) enabled the molecular delimitation of closely-related Pulsatilla patens and Pulsatilla vernalis. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: The determination of complete plastid genome and nuclear rRNA cluster sequences in three species of the genus Pulsatilla is an important contribution to our knowledge of the evolution and phylogeography of those endangered taxa. The resulting data can be used to identify regions that are particularly useful for barcoding, phylogenetic and phylogeographic studies. The investigated taxa can be identified at each stage of development based on their species-specific SNPs. The nuclear and plastid genomic resources enable advanced studies on hybridization, including identification of parent species, including their roles in that process. The identified nonsynonymous mutations could play an important role in adaptations to changing environments. The results of the study will also provide valuable information about the evolution of the plastome structure in the family Ranunculaceae.
- MeSH
- genom plastidový * MeSH
- genom rostlinný * MeSH
- molekulární evoluce * MeSH
- molekulární sekvence - údaje MeSH
- mutační rychlost MeSH
- ohrožené druhy MeSH
- polymorfismus genetický MeSH
- Pulsatilla klasifikace genetika MeSH
- repetitivní sekvence nukleových kyselin MeSH
- RNA ribozomální genetika MeSH
- sekvence nukleotidů MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Tento příspěvek navazuje na předchozí práci „Rizika používání léčivých rostlin v období těhotenství a kojení“. Formou tabulek uvádí u jednotlivých drog (řazeno abecedně – písmeno A) jejich terapeutické využití, nežádoucí účinky a kategorizaci bezpečnosti užívání v průběhu těhotenství a laktace. Dále jsou v textu uvedeny i výsledky některých studií na zvířecích modelech a v humánní terapii.
The subscription continues in previous paper „Danger of medicinal plants used in pregnancy and breast-feeding period“. Therapeutic use, side effects and categorization of safety drug use in pregnancy and in breast-feeding period are shown in the form of tables in individual drugs (alphabetic order-letter A). There are also mentioned the results of animal study models and human models.
- MeSH
- Aesculus MeSH
- Aloe MeSH
- Andrographis MeSH
- Angelica sinensis škodlivé účinky MeSH
- Apiaceae MeSH
- arnika škodlivé účinky MeSH
- Artemisia absinthium škodlivé účinky MeSH
- Asparagus (rostlina) škodlivé účinky MeSH
- česnek MeSH
- fytoterapie * škodlivé účinky využití MeSH
- hodnocení rizik * MeSH
- kojení MeSH
- laktace účinky léků MeSH
- léčivé rostliny * škodlivé účinky MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- Pulsatilla škodlivé účinky MeSH
- těhotenství MeSH
- Vitex MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- těhotenství MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
- Klíčová slova
- Stramonium, Kalium bromatum, Lachesis, Silicea, Sedalia,
- MeSH
- farmakoterapie MeSH
- Gelsemium MeSH
- homeopatie metody MeSH
- poruchy spánku a bdění MeSH
- předškolní dítě MeSH
- Pulsatilla MeSH
- Check Tag
- předškolní dítě MeSH
- Klíčová slova
- CALCAREA CARBONICA, STRAMONIUM, TUBERCULINUM, SILICEA, STAPHYSAGRIA, SULPHUR, MEDORRHINUM,
- MeSH
- adaptace psychologická MeSH
- charakteristiky rodiny MeSH
- farmakopea homeopatická jako téma MeSH
- homeopatie metody MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- Pulsatilla MeSH
- rodičovství psychologie MeSH
- rodinná terapie MeSH
- vztahy mezi rodiči a dětmi MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
17 s. ; 21 cm
- MeSH
- Pulsatilla MeSH
- Publikační typ
- vysokoškolské kvalifikační práce MeSH
- Konspekt
- Farmacie. Farmakologie
- NLK Obory
- farmacie a farmakologie
