Kostní materiál z kostnic je zdrojem informací o životě našich předků. Autoři se pokusili objasnit zákonitosti v umírání populací na našem území za posledních 1000 let. Jako pramen poznání bylo vybráno 50 kostnic v Čechách a na Moravě. Výzkum byl akcelerován svolením České biskupské konference ze 14. dubna 2020 a proveden byl během jednoho roku.

• Klíčová slova
• Ostatní lékařské obory,
• MeSH
• antropologie fyzická MeSH
• archeologie MeSH
• dějiny novověku 1601- MeSH
• dějiny raného novověku 1451-1600 MeSH
• dějiny středověku MeSH
• infekční nemoci dějiny   MeSH
• pohřeb dějiny   MeSH
• příčina smrti MeSH
• tělesné pozůstatky MeSH
• válečná poranění dějiny   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dějiny středověku MeSH

• NLK Obory
• antropologie

Publikace obsahuje katalog lidských ostatků z kostnic z Čech a z Moravy, z dob 11-20. století a hovoří o různých nemocech. Určeno odborné veřejnosti.

• Klíčová slova
• kostnice, Čechy, Morava,
• MeSH
• antropologie fyzická MeSH
• archeologie MeSH
• dějiny novověku 1601- MeSH
• dějiny raného novověku 1451-1600 MeSH
• dějiny středověku MeSH
• infekční nemoci dějiny   MeSH
• pohřeb dějiny   MeSH
• příčina smrti MeSH
• tělesné pozůstatky MeSH
• válečná poranění dějiny   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dějiny středověku MeSH
• Publikační typ
• katalogy MeSH
• monografie MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH
• Československo MeSH
• Rakousko-Uhersko MeSH
• Svatá říše římská MeSH

• Konspekt
• Fyzická antropologie
• NLK Obory
• antropologie

OBJECTIVE: Describe pathological features on internal and external aspects of the skull of an ancient grey wolf. MATERIALS: Wolf remains that were found at the southwestern settlement Area A of Gravettian site Pavlov I. METHODS: Visual observation and description; microcomputed tomography; porosity and fragmentation indices for internal and external skull features; histological section of the fourth upper premolar tooth. RESULTS: Dorsally, the sagittal crest revealed bone healing and remodeling. The sagittal lesion differential diagnosis was blunt trauma with or without fracture. Ventrally, otic region pathology included severe proliferation and lysis (osteomyelitis). The pathology was not resolvable among differential (microbial) causes of osteomyelitis, although other potential etiologies were ruled out. CONCLUSIONS: Probable first report of otic region osteomyelitis in an ancient grey wolf. SIGNIFICANCE: The proximity of the wolf remains to human-related findings, and presence of red ochre and shells, suggest human involvement in the burial. LIMITATIONS: This is a single specimen with differential diagnoses that were not resolvable to a single definitive diagnosis. SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER RESEARCH: Further investigation of the possible anthropological significance of the burial circumstances.

• MeSH
• archeologie MeSH
• dějiny starověku MeSH
• lebka * diagnostické zobrazování   patologie   MeSH
• osteomyelitida diagnostické zobrazování   patologie   veterinární   MeSH
• paleopatologie MeSH
• pohřeb dějiny   MeSH
• vlci * MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• dějiny starověku MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• historické články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH

In 2016, an extraordinary burial of a young adult individual was discovered at the Late Pre-Pottery Neolithic B (LPPNB, 7,500-6,900 BCE) settlement of Ba'ja in southern Jordan. This burial has exceptional grave goods and an elaborate grave construction. It suggests discussing anew reconstructions of early Neolithic social structures. In this article, we will summarize former theories on the emergence of leadership and hierarchies and present a multivariate model according to which anthropological and archaeological data of the burial will be analyzed. In conclusion, we surmise that early Neolithic hierarchization in southern Jordan was based on corporate pathways to power rather than self-interested aggrandizers. However, some aspects of the burial point to regional exchange networks of prestige goods, a trait considered characteristic of network based leadership. In line with anthropological and sociological research, we argue that pathways to power should be considered as relational processes that can be understood only when comparing traits of the outstanding person to her/his social environment.

• MeSH
• archeologie dějiny   MeSH
• dějiny starověku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• pohřeb dějiny   MeSH
• sociální prostředí MeSH
• vůdcovství * MeSH
• Check Tag
• dějiny starověku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• historické články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Jordánsko MeSH

ABSTRACT: The aim of the study is to identify possible differences in the prevalence of biological stress markers (cribra orbitalia, linear enammel hypoplasia), dental caries, activity markers (Schmorl's nodes) and markers of violence (traumatic lesions) in populations from a typical graveyard around the first church (9(th)-10(th) century AD) in the stronghold and from settlement burials in the southern bailey (second half of the 9(th) - beginning of the 10(th) century AD) of Slavs from Pohansko (Czech Republic). Cribra orbitalia and enamel hypoplasia did not markedly differ in either population. On the other hand, co-occurrence of both markers was statistically different and distinction in higher age categories could indicate diverse living conditions. Lower cariousness in the population from the southern bailey was identified. The nature of postcranial traumatic lesions in both populations indicates rather their accidental origin. However, a higher incidence of cranial injuries points to more violent activities in the population from Pohansko compared to Mikulčice. A high number of healed face injuries in males from the southern bailey could indicate higher intragroup violence in this population.

• MeSH
• dějiny středověku MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• fyziologický stres MeSH
• hřbitovy dějiny   MeSH
• hypoplazie zubní skloviny patologie   MeSH
• kojenec MeSH
• lebka zranění   patologie   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• nemoci kostí patologie   MeSH
• nemoci orbity patologie   MeSH
• novorozenec MeSH
• pohřeb dějiny   MeSH
• předškolní dítě MeSH
• zubní kaz patologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dějiny středověku MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• kojenec MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• novorozenec MeSH
• předškolní dítě MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• historické články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika etnologie   MeSH

• MeSH
• antropologie dějiny   metody   MeSH
• archeologie MeSH
• dějiny středověku MeSH
• křesťanství MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• numismatika * dějiny   metody   MeSH
• pohřeb dějiny   MeSH
• pohřební obyčeje * dějiny   psychologie   MeSH
• řecká civilizace MeSH
• socioekonomické faktory * dějiny   MeSH
• statistika jako téma MeSH
• Check Tag
• dějiny středověku MeSH
• lidé MeSH

• MeSH
• hospicová a paliativní ošetřovatelská péče * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• péče o umírající * dějiny   organizace a řízení   MeSH
• pohřeb dějiny   MeSH
• pohřební obyčeje dějiny   MeSH
• postoj ke smrti * MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH

Paleoanthropological materials from Predmosti, recovered by J. Wankel in 1884, K.J. Maska in 1894, M. Kriz in 1895, and K. Absolon in 1928 (and probably 1930), represent one of the largest collections of early modern human remains. Unfortunately, most of these fossils were destroyed in 1945. The aim of this paper is to create a list of finds in accordance with the discovery dates, to place them into the spatial and chronological context of the site, and to compare them with the evidence from recent excavation in 2006. Two competing hypotheses are raised in the literature suggesting that the Predmosti individuals represent either a contemporary burial as a consequence of one catastrophic event, or a gradual accumulation of human bodies at one place. Whereas the first hypothesis is supported by the demographic structure of the buried group, including adults and children, the second interpretation is based on stratigraphic and taphonomic analysis of the burial area itself. Using the original documentation of Maska and other early researchers, and my own experience from recent excavation in the remaining part of the site, I attempt to reconstruct the plan of the site, with a focus on spatial distribution of the human fossils, especially in the main burial area. I suggest that the burial place was not the settlement center, but rather a peripheral and task-specific area. The determining factor for location of the burial area was likely the remarkable Skalka rock, a cliff that rose directly above the site. A long-term tendency to place the dead "below the rock" may have given rise to the accumulation of human remains at a single place, with a scatter of dispersed fragments in the vicinity. At this location, the human bodies were partly protected by soil coverage, limestone debris, and mammoth scapulae, but were also affected by postdepositional processes such as redeposition of sediments, predator activities, and later human activities, including the burial of additional corpses.

• MeSH
• dějiny starověku MeSH
• Hominidae MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• paleontologie MeSH
• pohřeb dějiny   MeSH
• rituální chování MeSH
• zkameněliny MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• dějiny starověku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• historické články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH

• MeSH
• kulturní charakteristiky MeSH
• náboženské filosofie dějiny   MeSH
• pohřbívání dějiny   MeSH
• pohřeb dějiny   MeSH
• pohřební obyčeje dějiny   MeSH
• smrt MeSH
• teologie dějiny   MeSH

• Konspekt
• Sociologie kultury. Kulturní život
• NLK Obory
• humanitní vědy a umění
• sociologie
• NLK Publikační typ
• studie

In spite of a recent preferential application of molecular genetic methods to kinship determination of anonymous human skeletal remains, the classical anthropological methods cannot be rejected as they are simple, quick and give access to a large part of a genome. This paper deals with the extent of morphological skeletal similarity in persons of known genealogical relationship. The skeletal remains of eight individuals from the family tomb of the Swéerts-Sporck's noble family in castle Kuks, East Bohemia, Czech Republic were analysed. Basic personal details, as well as data on their genealogical relationship, were available. Individuals were compared according to 173 anatomical variants--epigenetic traits, 90 of which were located on the skull and 83 on the postcranial skeleton. For each trait the percentile coincidence and/or difference were calculated. We observed the highest coincidence between the father and his son. These two individuals showed both closest correlation in the presence and the least difference in the occurrence of anatomical variants, as well as a high value of paternal probability. Clear kinship was also detected among cousins of the same or opposite sex. However, kinship between brother and sister was not so evident. The greatest difference was observed amongst biologically unrelated family members such as women who married into the family. The individuals under investigation showed a significantly higher occurrence of three among four traits of the sella turcica (ponticulus carotico-clinoideus, ponticulus interclinoideus, taenia interclinoidea; 99% confidence). A significantly higher occurrence of the ponticuli basales ossis sphenoidalis, palatine torus and the costal articular surface on the body of 7th cervical vertebrae was also found (95% confidence). Our results, therefore, suggest that these morphological variants might be considered as family-specific traits.

• MeSH
• antropologie fyzická MeSH
• dějiny 17. století MeSH
• dějiny 18. století MeSH
• dějiny 19. století MeSH
• financování organizované MeSH
• kosti a kostní tkáň anatomie a histologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• pohřeb dějiny   MeSH
• rodina MeSH
• rodokmen MeSH
• společenská třída MeSH
• Check Tag
• dějiny 17. století MeSH
• dějiny 18. století MeSH
• dějiny 19. století MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH