Identification of animals is often hindered by decoupling of phenotypic and molecular evolutionary rates. The Acanthocyclops vernalis (Fischer, 1853) complex is arguably the most problematic group of cyclopoids and possibly of all copepods, with diversity estimates based on morphology ranging from 2 to 34 taxa. We reconstructed their phylogeny based on one nuclear and three mitochondrial markers, revealing only four species in the Holarctic and always the following sister-species pairs: vernalis-europensis sp. nov. and robustus-americanus. Landmarks for quantitative shape analyses were collected from 147 specimens on five structures commonly used to delineate cyclopoids. Procrustes ANOVA showed small directional asymmetry in all datasets, but large sexual dimorphism in shape and size. Allometry was also highly significant. Principal component analyses of size-corrected data almost completely separated species in morphospace based on the last exopodal and endopodal segments of the fourth leg. These two structures showed the highest amount of covariation, while modularity could not be proven and a phylogenetic signal was only observed in one structure. Spinules and sensilla have a limited use in delineating species here. Calculating mean shapes and the extent of inter and intraspecific phenotypic variability opens new horizons for modern taxonomy.
- MeSH
- Copepoda klasifikace genetika MeSH
- fylogeneze MeSH
- klasifikace * MeSH
- mitochondriální DNA klasifikace genetika MeSH
- molekulární evoluce * MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Caligus brevicaudatus Scott, 1901, a common but poorly known species of parasitic copepod, is redescribed from newly collected specimens of both sexes. The new material was collected from the body surface of tub gurnards, Chelidonichthys lucerna (Linnaeus), caught in eastern Mediterranean waters off the Turkish coast. Inadequately described female structures from earlier descriptions are redescribed and illustrated in detail and the male of C. brevicaudatus is described for the first time. The new material of C. brevicaudatus is compared with material collected by A. Scott and stored in the collections of the Natural History Museum, London. In addition, a voucher specimen of Caligus uranoscopi Vaissière, 1955, stored in the collections of the Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle in Paris is re-examined. Caligus uranoscopi is recognised as a junior subjective synonym of C. brevicaudatus since it does not differ in any substantive characters.
- MeSH
- Copepoda * anatomie a histologie klasifikace MeSH
- oceány a moře MeSH
- ryby parazitologie MeSH
- slané vody MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- oceány a moře MeSH
- Turecko MeSH
In the present study, we determine the presence of parasites in fish larvae collected from nearshore waters along the northern and central coast of Chile. The parasites were identified to the lowest possible taxonomic level based on morphological and molecular analyses. The fish sample was composed of 5 574 fish larvae. Of these, 3% harboured only larval ectoparasitic copepods whereas no endoparasites were found in the 1 141 fish evaluated for this group of parasites. The parasitic copepods collected were initially classified as 'morphotypes' according to differences in morphological characteristics. They were then analysed using molecular techniques based on the 28S and COI genes. Seven morphotypes of parasitic copepods (mostly at chalimus stages) were recognised: two of the morphotypes belonged to Pennellidae Burmeister, 1835, three to Caligidae Burmeister, 1835 and two were not identified. Only five morphotypes of copepods were analysed using molecular sequences, which confirmed the existence of six species: two pennellids of the genus Trifur Wilson, 1917 and two caligids of the genus Caligus Müller, 1785, plus two additional species that were morphologically different from these taxa. The pennellids were present in several fish species, being generally more prevalent than the caligids, in both the central and northern localities of Chile. Multispecies infections in larval fish were infrequent (< 1%). We conclude that fish larvae were rich in parasites, considering that these hosts exhibited small body sizes and were very young. We suggest that fish larvae could play a role, as intermediate hosts, in the life cycle of the parasitic copepods found.
- MeSH
- Copepoda anatomie a histologie genetika klasifikace růst a vývoj MeSH
- fylogeneze MeSH
- larva parazitologie MeSH
- parazitární zátěž * MeSH
- polymerázová řetězová reakce MeSH
- ryby * parazitologie růst a vývoj MeSH
- sekvenční analýza DNA MeSH
- statistika jako téma MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Chile MeSH
Copepods of the genus Achtheinus Wilson, 1908 (Pandaridae) are parasites of elasmobranchs that attach to their fins, gill slits and around the nostrils. Specimens of Achtheinus pinguis Wilson, 1912 were collected and examined using histology and scanning electron microscopy to determine their way of attachment to the host and the possible effect on the host. They insert their antennae deep into the dermis of the shark's skin, which causes the most damage due to possible tissue compression and/or fibrosis as well as rupture of the connective tissue. Additionally, the presence of the copepod on the skin causes cell erosion of the epidermal cells and thus reduces the number of epidermal layers. The maxillipeds are used to attach to the placoid scales that cover the shark's skin and probably serve to keep the copepod and inserted antennae in position. This is accomplished by the insertion of the placoid scales into the flaccid corpus of the maxillipeds. Observed damage seems to be negligible to the shark apart from the possibility of secondary infection.
- Klíčová slova
- plakoidní šupiny, maxillipeds,
- MeSH
- branchiální krajina parazitologie MeSH
- Copepoda * anatomie a histologie klasifikace ultrastruktura MeSH
- Elasmobranchii * anatomie a histologie parazitologie MeSH
- histologické techniky MeSH
- kůže patologie MeSH
- mikroskopie elektronová rastrovací MeSH
- ploutve zvířat anatomie a histologie parazitologie patologie ultrastruktura MeSH
- tkáně patologie MeSH
- tykadla členovců anatomie a histologie MeSH
- zvířecí šupiny anatomie a histologie parazitologie patologie ultrastruktura MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
The gills of 63 specimens of the Atlantic bluefin tuna Thunnus thynnus (Linnaeus) (Osteichthyes: Scombridae) from three localities of the Mediterranean (Sardinian, Tyrrhenian and Levantine Seas) were examined for metazoan parasites. The parasite fauna of T. thynnus from the Sea of Sardinia included 11 species: five didymozoid trematodes, three capsalid and one hexostomid monogeneans, and one caligid and one pseudocycnid copepods. Four didymozoids were found in fish from the Levantine Sea and only one didymozoid was recorded in fish from the Tyrrhenian Sea. Dividing the hosts into four size-groups (small, medium-sized, large and extra large), the pairwise comparison of prevalence and mean abundance of the new and literary data) showed differences according to host size. The differences in the composition of the parasitic faunas and in the prevalence of parasites, observed between the small tunas from the Tyrrhenian Sea and the medium-sized tunas from the Adriatic Sea, Levantine Sea and the North-East (NE) Atlantic Ocean, indicated that these groups form discrete units. The parasite fauna of the large tunas from the Sea of Sardinia is the richest among the bluefin tuna populations of the Mediterranean and the NE Atlantic, due to the presence of species not found elsewhere in bluefin tunas, such as Caligus coryphaenae Steenstrup et Lütken, 1861, Capsala magronum (Ishii, 1936) and C. paucispinosa (Mamaev, 1968). This fact and the prevalence of some parasites of this group (lower than those of medium-sized fish from the NE Atlantic and higher than the small and medium-sized tunas from the Mediterranean) suggest that the large-sized tuna group in the western Mediterranean is formed by Mediterranean resident tunas (poorly infected), and by tunas migrating from the Atlantic Ocean (heavily infected).
- MeSH
- Copepoda klasifikace MeSH
- infekce červy třídy Trematoda epidemiologie parazitologie veterinární MeSH
- parazitární nemoci u zvířat epidemiologie parazitologie MeSH
- Trematoda klasifikace izolace a purifikace MeSH
- tuňák * MeSH
- žábry parazitologie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Středozemní moře MeSH
A new species of parasitic copepod Anchistrotos tangi sp. n. (Cyclopoida: Taeniacanthidae) is described based on adult female specimens collected from the gills of hilsa shad, Tenualosa ilisha (Hamilton, 1822) (Actinopterygii: Clupeidae) captured off Iraq. The new species differs from its congeners by having the following combination of characters in the adult female: 1) the rostral area sclerotised; 2) the presence of row of spinules on the proximal and distal margins of the anal somite; 3) the maxilliped claw with 2 long whip-like setae just crossing the distal edge of claw with serrated terminal margin; and 4) the leg 5 ornamented with patched spinules distally. This is the ninth nominal species of Anchistrotos Brian, 1906.
- MeSH
- Copepoda klasifikace MeSH
- infestace ektoparazity epidemiologie parazitologie veterinární MeSH
- nemoci ryb parazitologie MeSH
- ryby MeSH
- žábry parazitologie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Indický oceán MeSH
Four new species of the genus Hatschekia Poche, 1902 (Copepoda: Siphonostomatoida: Hatschekiidae) are described based on female specimens collected from pufferfishes (Tetraodontiformes: Tetraodontidae) caught in coastal waters off the Ryukyu Islands, Japan: H. longiabdominalis sp. n. on Arothron hispidus (Linnaeus), H. geniculata sp. n. on A. hispidus (type host) and A. stellatus (Bloch et Schneider), H. ellipsocorpa sp. n. on A. mappa (Lesson), and H. boonah sp. n. on A. nigropunctatus (Bloch et Schneider) (type host) and A. meleagris (Schneider). Hatschekia longiabdominalis sp. n. and H. boonah sp. n. differ from all other congeners by sharing an unusual, projected abdomen and a fusiform trunk with posterior lobes; these two species are differentiated from each other by the shape of the dorsal chitinous frame on the cephalothorax. Hatschekia geniculata sp. n. can be distinguished by the combination of the following morphological characters: a rhomboidal cephalothorax with a pair of lateral conical protrusions, a cylindrical trunk with posterior lobes and a bent abdomen with a dorsal protrusion. Hatschekia ellipsocorpa sp. n. resembles H. pholas (Wilson, 1906) but can be distinguished from the latter by the possession of one distal and one inner setae on the terminal endopodal segment of legs 1 and 2. Hatschekiapholas is also redescribed based on female specimens from the tetraodontid A. stellatus. At present, 44 nominal species of the genus have been reported from Japan, including four new species described in this paper; 38 of them have been described originally from Japan.
- MeSH
- Copepoda anatomie a histologie klasifikace MeSH
- druhová specificita MeSH
- infestace ektoparazity epidemiologie parazitologie veterinární MeSH
- nemoci ryb epidemiologie parazitologie MeSH
- ostrovy MeSH
- Tetraodontiformes * MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Japonsko MeSH
- ostrovy MeSH
A new species of Chondracanthidae (Copepoda: Cyclopoida), Heterochondria orientalis sp. n., is described based on specimens of both sexes collected from the gill rakers and the inner side of the operculum of the many-banded sole, Zebrias fasciatus (Basilewsky), from the Yellow Sea, Korea. The new species resembles most closely H. zebriae (Ho, Kim et Kuman, 2000), but can be distinguished from this species and other congeners by the shape of the trunk and length of the antenna, the number of teeth on the mandible and the terminal process of the maxilla, and the structure of the male antennule and maxilliped. Heterochondria orientalis is the first copepod species reported from Z. fasciatus and the first heterochondrid species reported from sole fishes in the Northwest Pacific. A key to distinguish all 10 nominal species of the genus is provided.
- MeSH
- Copepoda anatomie a histologie klasifikace MeSH
- nemoci ryb epidemiologie parazitologie MeSH
- parazitární nemoci u zvířat epidemiologie parazitologie MeSH
- platýsi * MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Korejská republika MeSH
A new species of parasitic copepod, Chondracanthus hoi sp. n. (Copepoda: Chondracanthidae), is described based on specimens of both sexes collected from the buccal cavity and gill arches of the silvery john dory, Zenopsis conchifer (Lowe) (Zeiformes: Zeidae), from waters off northern Argentina (35-36 degrees S, 53-54 degrees W). Female of C. hoi differs from its congeners by the following combination of characters: presence of five pairs of trunk processes, antennule with four knobs tipped with small setae and absence of denticles on the terminal process of maxilla. Chondracanthids and zeiform fishes have been proposed as an example of co-speciation; this assumption is derived from a series of analyses based on incomplete records of both geographical distribution and host range of some parasite species, as well as misidentification offish hosts. These inconsistences observed during our bibliographical analyses are also discussed.
- MeSH
- Copepoda klasifikace MeSH
- druhová specificita MeSH
- nemoci ryb epidemiologie parazitologie MeSH
- parazitární nemoci u zvířat epidemiologie parazitologie MeSH
- ryby MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Argentina MeSH
- Atlantský oceán MeSH
Abstract: In a study of the benthic polychaete fauna of the southern Gulf of Mexico and the Caribbean Sea, several specimens of the terebellid polychaete Scionides reticulata (Ehlers) were found to host endoparasitic copepods that represent an undescribed species of the rare cyclopoid genus Entobius Dogiel, 1948. The new species, E. scionides sp. n., can be distinguished from its congeners by a combination of characters including a genital region without constrictions, three-segmented antennules, a reduced antenna with a blunt terminal process, reduced ornamentation of endopods of legs 1-4 and its relatively small size (2.3-2.7 mm). It is the smallest species of the genus. Comments on immature females are also provided, but males of this species remain unknown. It has a high prevalence (53%) in populations of the terebellid S. reticulata in the southern Gulf of Mexico, but it is absent from the Caribbean. This is the first occurrence of this copepod genus in the Americas. The finding of the new species of Entobius in S. reticulata confirms the strict specificity of most members of the genus and expands the host range of this copepod genus. A key for the identification of the species of Entobius is provided.
- MeSH
- Copepoda klasifikace ultrastruktura MeSH
- druhová specificita MeSH
- Polychaeta parazitologie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- karibský region MeSH
- Mexický záliv MeSH
- Mexiko MeSH
