Phytochemical investigations of Matricaria chamomilla L. (Asteraceae) stated the presence of several compounds with an established therapeutic and antioxidant potential. The chamomile non-enzymatic antioxidant system includes low molecular mass compounds, mainly polyphenols such as cinnamic, hydroxybenzoic and chlorogenic acids, flavonoids and coumarins. The objective of this work was to evaluate the role of the non-enzymatic antioxidant system after stimulation by ethylene in tetraploid chamomile plants. Seven days of ethylene treatment significantly increased the activity of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, which influenced the biosynthesis of protective polyphenols in the first step of their biosynthetic pathway. Subsequently, considerable enhanced levels of phenolic metabolites with a substantial antioxidant effect (syringic, vanillic and caffeic acid, 1,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid, quercetin, luteolin, daphnin, and herniarin) were determined by HPLC-DAD-MS. The minimal information on the chlorogenic acids function in chamomile led to the isolation and identification of 5-O-feruloylquinic acid. It is accumulated during normal conditions, but after the excessive effect of abiotic stress, its level significantly decreases and levels of other caffeoylquinic acids enhance. Our results suggest that ethephon may act as a stimulant of the production of pharmaceutically important non-enzymatic antioxidants in chamomile leaves and thus, lead to an overall change in phytochemical content and therapeutic effects of chamomile plants, as well.
- MeSH
- antioxidancia metabolismus MeSH
- biosyntetické dráhy fyziologie MeSH
- ethyleny metabolismus MeSH
- fenoly metabolismus MeSH
- fenylalaninamoniaklyasa metabolismus MeSH
- fyziologický stres fyziologie MeSH
- heřmánek, heřmánkovec, rmen, rmenec metabolismus MeSH
- kyselina chinová analogy a deriváty metabolismus MeSH
- kyselina chlorogenová metabolismus MeSH
- kyseliny kávové metabolismus MeSH
- listy rostlin metabolismus MeSH
- Matricaria metabolismus MeSH
- polyfenoly metabolismus MeSH
- rostlinné extrakty metabolismus MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Cell growth and survival depend on a delicate balance between energy production and synthesis of metabolites. Here, we provide evidence that an alternative mitochondrial complex II (CII) assembly, designated as CIIlow, serves as a checkpoint for metabolite biosynthesis under bioenergetic stress, with cells suppressing their energy utilization by modulating DNA synthesis and cell cycle progression. Depletion of CIIlow leads to an imbalance in energy utilization and metabolite synthesis, as evidenced by recovery of the de novo pyrimidine pathway and unlocking cell cycle arrest from the S-phase. In vitro experiments are further corroborated by analysis of paraganglioma tissues from patients with sporadic, SDHA and SDHB mutations. These findings suggest that CIIlow is a core complex inside mitochondria that provides homeostatic control of cellular metabolism depending on the availability of energy.
- MeSH
- biosyntetické dráhy fyziologie MeSH
- energetický metabolismus fyziologie MeSH
- fyziologický stres * MeSH
- genový knockout MeSH
- HEK293 buňky MeSH
- kontrolní body fáze S buněčného cyklu fyziologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- malá interferující RNA metabolismus MeSH
- mitochondrie metabolismus MeSH
- mutace MeSH
- myši inbrední BALB C MeSH
- myši nahé MeSH
- myši MeSH
- nádorové buněčné linie MeSH
- paragangliom genetika patologie MeSH
- respirační komplex II genetika metabolismus MeSH
- sukcinátdehydrogenasa genetika metabolismus MeSH
- xenogenní modely - testy antitumorózní aktivity MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- myši MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
The rapid development of analytical methods in the last four decades has led to the discovery of a fascinating diversity of defensive chemicals used by termites. The last exhaustive review on termite defensive chemicals was published by G.D. Prestwich in 1984. In this text, we aim to fill the gap of the past 25 years and overview all of the relevant primary sources about the chemistry of termite defense (126 original papers, see Fig. 1 and online supplementary material) along with related biological aspects, such as the anatomy of defensive glands and their functional mechanisms, alarm communication, and the evolutionary significance of these defensive elements.
