Lithium is mainly excreted into urine, and a large fraction of lithium filtered through glomeruli is reabsorbed in the proximal tubule. However, the mechanisms responsible for lithium reabsorption remain unclear. We previously reported that the reabsorption of lithium was biphasic in rats, and that foscarnet inhibited lithium reabsorption with a high affinity type. We herein evaluated the effects of acetazolamide and foscarnet on the renal excretion of lithium in rats treated with lithium chloride at 2 doses. In rats intravenously injected with a bolus of 25 mg/kg lithium chloride, acetazolamide facilitated the urinary excretion of lithium, and increased the fractional excretion of lithium from 0.446 to 0.953, near the theoretically maximum value. At a dose of 2.5 mg/kg lithium chloride, the fractional excretion of lithium was 0.241 in control rats, 0.420 in rats administered acetazolamide, and 0.976 in rats administered acetazolamide and foscarnet. These results showed the potent inhibition of lithium reabsorption by acetazolamide and foscarnet in rats. And, it was exhibited that the effects of acetazolamide on lithium reabsorption differed with the dosages of lithium administered.
- MeSH
- acetazolamid farmakologie MeSH
- antivirové látky farmakologie MeSH
- chlorid lithný antagonisté a inhibitory farmakokinetika farmakologie MeSH
- diuretika farmakologie MeSH
- foskarnet farmakologie MeSH
- krysa rodu rattus MeSH
- lékové interakce MeSH
- modely nemocí na zvířatech MeSH
- potkani Wistar MeSH
- proximální tubuly ledvin účinky léků metabolismus MeSH
- renální reabsorpce účinky léků MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- krysa rodu rattus MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Článek podává krátký přehled onemocnění vyvolaných cytomegalovirem (CMV). Uvádí základní proticytomegalovirová chemoterapeutika – ganciclovir, foscarnet, cidofovir – s jejich farmakodynamickými a farmakokinetickými charakteristikami, nežádoucími účinky, indikacemi, kontraindikacemi a léčebnými a profylaktickými schématy. Je popsána technologie intravitreální aplikace gancicloviru a fomivirsenu. Zlepšení biologické dostupnosti gancicloviru přináší valganciclovir. Je upozorněno na vyvíjená léčiva, jako cyklobutylguaninový nukleosidový analog lobucavir, benzimidazolové ribonukleosidy – benzimidavir (TCRB a BDCRB) a acyklické nukleosidové fosfonáty (jiné než cidofovir, např. HPMPA a adefovir čili PMEA).
The paper provides a short review of diseases caused by cytomegalovirus (CMV) and a review of chemotherapeutics used to combat cytomegalovirus – such as ganciclovir, foscarnet, cidofovir – and their pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic characteristics, adverse effects, indications, contraindications as well as therapeutic and prophylactic protocols. Another therapeutical option is represented by the technology of intravitreal application of ganciclovir and fomivirsene. The bioavailability of ganciclovir has been improved by valganciclovir. There are new drugs being developed: a cyclobutyl guanin nucleoside analogue lobucavir, benzimidazole ribonucleosides – benzimidavir (TCRB and BDCRB) and acyclic nucleoside phosphonates (other than cidofovir, e.g. HPMPA and adefovir or PMEA).
