BACKGROUND/AIMS: Hexokinase (HK) is a key glycolytic enzyme which promotes the maintenance of glucose homeostasis in cardiomyocytes. HK1 isoform is predominantly bound to the outer mitochondrial membrane and highly supports oxidative phosphorylation by increasing the availability of ADP for complex V of the respiratory chain. HK2 isoform is under physiological conditions predominantly localized in the cytosol and upon stimulation of PI3K/ Akt pathway associates with mitochondria and thus can prevent apoptosis. The purpose of this study was to investigate expression and subcellular localization of both HK isoforms in left (LV) and right (RV) heart ventricles of adult male Wistar rats. METHODS: Real-Time RT-PCR, Western blotting, and quantitative immunofluorescence microscopy were used. RESULTS: Our results showed a significantly higher expression of both HK1 and HK2 at mRNA and protein levels in the RV compared to the LV. These findings were corroborated by immunofluorescence staining which revealed substantially higher fluorescence signals of both HKs in the RV than in the LV. The ratios of phospho-Ser473-Akt/non-phospho-Akt and phospho-Thr308-Akt/non-phospho-Akt were also markedly higher in the RV than in the LV. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that the RV has a higher activity of aerobic glycolytic metabolism and may be able to respond faster and more powerfully to stressful stimuli than the LV.
- MeSH
- fluorescenční mikroskopie MeSH
- fosforylace MeSH
- hexokinasa analýza genetika metabolismus MeSH
- izoenzymy genetika metabolismus MeSH
- krysa rodu rattus MeSH
- messenger RNA metabolismus MeSH
- mitochondrie enzymologie MeSH
- potkani Wistar MeSH
- protoonkogenní proteiny c-akt analýza genetika metabolismus MeSH
- srdeční komory metabolismus MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- krysa rodu rattus MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- MeSH
- Candida enzymologie genetika MeSH
- glukosidasy analýza MeSH
- glykolýza MeSH
- hexokinasa analýza MeSH
- regulace genové exprese u hub MeSH
- Publikační typ
- srovnávací studie MeSH
We tested the virulence of 15 strains of Entamoeba histolytica, imported to Czechoslovakia, by intracaecal inoculation of laboratory rats. According to the scoring system of Neal, none of the 15 strains possessed the virulence index greater than 2. This indicates that all the organisms tested should be classified as avirulent. However, it should be noted that all the strains produced infection of the caecum and thus should be considered infective for rat. For 7 strains, isoenzyme patterns were determined for PGM, HK and ME. One imported strain, obtained from student from Congo, demonstrated isoenzyme pattern for PGM and HK indicated that the strain was virulent. This organisms had the index of virulence 1.8 (avirulent) in animal experiment; it was isolated from cysts of clinically asymptomatic patient. Examination of the rectal mucosa of the donor of the strain indicated typical chronic catarrhal proctitis of mild degree. Examination of the patient's serum demonstrated the presence of anti E. histolytica antibodies by CIEP, while the ELISA test was negative. Twenty-one cyst carriers were examined by rectoscopy. Pathologic changes were observed in 20 of these, as follows: altered vascular structure (13X), roughened mucosa (12X), mucosal reddening (10X), decreased glistening (7X), mucus in mucosa (5X), inflammatory pseudopolypes (2X), ulcers (2X), enanthema (1X). Histological biopsies were obtained in 15 cases. One was considered normal. Remaining 14 biopsies exhibited following morphological changes: increased mucus secretion (8X), edema (7X), lymphocytic and plasmocytic infiltration (6X), lymphocytic and plasmocytic infiltration in addition to the presence of eosinophilic granulocytes (6X), presence of mucophages (5X), haemorrhages (4X), increased vascularity (3X), lymphocytic and plasmocytic infiltration with presence of extremely abundant eosinophilic granulocytes (1X), erosive-ulcerative changes of mucosa (1X). The changes observed indicated chronic catarrhal proctitis with expression to greater or less degree of signs of chronic catarrhal inflammation.
- MeSH
- amébiáza parazitologie MeSH
- ektroforéza na škrobovém gelu MeSH
- entamébóza parazitologie MeSH
- Entamoeba histolytica enzymologie patogenita MeSH
- fosfoglukomutasa analýza MeSH
- hexokinasa analýza MeSH
- izoenzymy analýza MeSH
- krysa rodu rattus MeSH
- malátdehydrogenasa analýza MeSH
- virulence MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- krysa rodu rattus MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- MeSH
- 1-propanol metabolismus MeSH
- cytoplazma metabolismus MeSH
- ethery cyklické metabolismus MeSH
- furosemid farmakologie MeSH
- hexokinasa analýza MeSH
- krysa rodu rattus MeSH
- kyselina ethakrynová farmakologie MeSH
- L-laktátdehydrogenasa analýza MeSH
- laktáty analýza MeSH
- ledviny enzymologie chemie metabolismus MeSH
- polythiazid farmakologie MeSH
- pyruváty analýza MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- krysa rodu rattus MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
