Cachectic rheumatoid arthritis, the less frequent form of the disease, is associated with loss of fat mass and often more severe course of the disease. Its experimental model represents rat adjuvant arthritis (AA) characterized by edema, lack of appetite, sharp body weight and fat loss. As individual fat depots display functional differences, here we studied lipolytic activity and sensitivity to lipolytic stimuli of nodeless epididymal fat (eWAT) and perinodal mesenteric fat (mWAT) depots at the peak of AA. We also examined changes in catecholamine and cytokine levels involved in lipolysis in plasma and/or isolated adipocytes from both WATs to identify the contribution of local, adipocyte-based processes and/or systemic events to adiposity loss in cachectic rheumatoid arthritis. AA was induced to male Lewis rats by complete Freund's adjuvant. Groups of ad libitum-fed and pair-fed controls were used to distinguish the effects of food restriction from inflammation-induced cachexia. Adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL), hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) and its phosphorylated form (pHSL) were analyzed by western blot. CRP and catecholamine levels in plasma or adipocyte lysates were determined using ELISA kits. Cytokine-induced neutrophil chemoattractant-1 (CINC-1/CXCL1), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1/CCL2), IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10 and leptin in adipocyte lysate were analyzed by quantitative protein microarray. Plasma glycerol and FFA were measured spectrophotometrically. AA rats developed severe cachexia, with lower adiposity in mWAT compared to normal and pair-fed controls, whereas in eWAT the adiposity was similarly reduced in AA and pair-fed groups. ATGL levels in both WATs were not affected by AA or pair feeding. AA upregulated levels of HSL, pHSL and pHSL/HSL ratio in mWAT, whereas none of these parameters has changed in eWAT of AA rats or in either WATs of pair-fed rats. In AA rats plasma glycerol was elevated, whereas FFA concentration was reduced. Plasma norepinephrine and epinephrine were increased in AA compared with both groups of controls. In eWAT adipocytes, AA but not pair feeding, upregulated norepinephrine levels. In mWAT adipocytes, AA rats showed higher epinephrine levels than pair-fed controls. Leptin levels in both WATs were depleted in AA animals in accordance with body weight loss. None of the measured cytokines in eWAT and mWAT was enhanced. Our results demonstrate augmented lipolytic activity in mWAT and not eWAT during cachectic arthritis. The adipocyte-derived cytokines do not seem to contribute to activated lipolysis. We first demonstrated enhanced presence of norepinephrine in perinodal adipocytes that may contribute to the regulation of local lipolytic activity by auto/paracrine fashion and thus provide independent fuel supply to activated lymph nodes.
- MeSH
- adrenalin biosyntéza MeSH
- artritida experimentální imunologie metabolismus MeSH
- biologické markery MeSH
- C-reaktivní protein MeSH
- epididymis metabolismus MeSH
- humorální imunita MeSH
- krysa rodu rattus MeSH
- lipolýza MeSH
- mezenterium metabolismus MeSH
- modely nemocí na zvířatech MeSH
- sterolesterasa metabolismus MeSH
- tukové buňky metabolismus MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- krysa rodu rattus MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Akutní mesenteriální ischemie (AMI) je závažné onemocnění s nízkou incidencí, ale velmi vysokou mortalitou (60 až 70 %). Etiologie AMI je buď primární (embolie nebo trombóza mesenterických tepen a žil, neokluzívní mesenteriální ischemie), nebo sekundární (mechanická obstrukce - volvulus střev, intususcepce, komprese tumorem atd.). Nezávisle na původu onemocnění je klinicko-patologický obraz stejný - střevní ischemie s následnou nekrozou. Na I. chirurgické klinice v Brně bylo od r. 1994 do r. 2006 ošetřeno 43 nemocných s primární formou AMI. U nemocných s anamnézou fibrilace síní a inkarktu myokardu statisticky významně stoupá pravděpodobnost vzniku arteriální mesenteriální ischemie (p < 0,05). U kuřáků s příznaky hypertenze a klinickými příznaky abdominální angíny statisticky významně stoupá pravděpo¬dobnost rozvoje arteriální mesenteriální trombózy (p < 0,05).
Acute mesenterial ischemia (AMI) is a serious illness with a low incidence, but with a very high mortality (60 to 70 %). The aetiology of AMI is either primary (embolism, mesenterial vessel thrombosis, nonocclusive mesenterial ischemia) or secondary (mechanical obstruction - gut volvulus, intussusceptions, compression by a tumour, etc). Whatever the origin of the illness, the pathological-clinical picture is always the samé: intestinal ischemia with resulting necrosis. 43 patients with primary AMI háve been treated at the First Surgical Department in Brno between 1994 and 2006. Patients with atrial fibrillation or myocardial infarction had a significantly higher prevalence of arterial mesenterial ischemia (p < 0, 05). Arterial mesenterial thrombosis was significantly higher in patients who smoked and who showed symptoms of hyperten-sion and of abdominal angina (p < 0,05).
- MeSH
- chirurgie trávicího traktu metody využití MeSH
- embolie a trombóza etiologie chirurgie komplikace MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mezenteriální cévní okluze etiologie komplikace mortalita MeSH
- mezenterium metabolismus patofyziologie patologie MeSH
- střevní obstrukce etiologie chirurgie komplikace MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH