Nanodiamonds (ND), especially fluorescent NDs, represent potentially applicable drug and probe carriers for in vitro/in vivo applications. The main purpose of this study was to relate physical-chemical properties of carboxylated NDs to their intracellular distribution and impact on membranes and cell immunity-activation of inflammasome in the in vitro THP-1 cell line model. Dynamic light scattering, nanoparticle tracking analysis, and microscopic methods were used to characterize ND particles and their intracellular distribution. Fluorescent NDs penetrated the cell membranes by both macropinocytosis and mechanical cutting through cell membranes. We proved accumulation of fluorescent NDs in lysosomes. In this case, lysosomes were destabilized and cathepsin B was released into the cytoplasm and triggered pathways leading to activation of inflammasome NLRP3, as detected in THP-1 cells. Activation of inflammasome by NDs represents an important event that could underlie the described toxicological effects in vivo induced by NDs. According to our knowledge, this is the first in vitro study demonstrating direct activation of inflammasome by NDs. These findings are important for understanding the mechanism(s) of action of ND complexes and explain the ambiguity of the existing toxicological data.

• MeSH
• buněčná membrána účinky léků   metabolismus   ultrastruktura   MeSH
• dynamický rozptyl světla MeSH
• elektronová mikroskopie MeSH
• fluorescence MeSH
• inflamasomy účinky léků   imunologie   metabolismus   MeSH
• intravitální mikroskopie metody   MeSH
• kathepsin B imunologie   metabolismus   MeSH
• konfokální mikroskopie MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• lyzozomy účinky léků   imunologie   metabolismus   ultrastruktura   MeSH
• mikroskopie atomárních sil MeSH
• nanodiamanty aplikace a dávkování   chemie   MeSH
• pinocytóza MeSH
• protein NLRP3 imunologie   metabolismus   MeSH
• THP-1 buňky MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

Reduced friction and wear of materials after the use of the carbon nanomaterials including nanodiamonds (NDs) have been confirmed by several studies in material engineering. Mechanical cleaning of the tooth surface by brush bristles should leave as little tissue roughened as possible. Higher surface roughness increases the tissue's wear and encourages the redeposition of the bacteria and the colouring agents present in the diet. Therefore, we evaluated the tooth tissues' surface's morphological changes after brushing them with the NDs suspension. Ten human teeth were brushed with the NDs aqueous suspension. The surfaces were observed using an Atomic Force Microscope (AFM). We found that the nature of the tissue surface became milder and smoother. A number of selected profilometric parameters were compared before and after brushing. We observed that brushing with the suspension of NDs resulted in a significant reduction in the enamel and dentine's surface roughness both in the range of the average parameters (Ra; p-0,0019) and in the detailed parameters (Rsk; p-0,048 and Rku; p-0,036). We concluded that the NDs used in the oral hygiene applications have a potentially protective effect on the enamel and the dentine's surfaces.

• MeSH
• čištění zubů metody   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mikroskopie atomárních sil metody   MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• nanodiamanty aplikace a dávkování   MeSH
• povrchové vlastnosti účinky léků   MeSH
• suspenze aplikace a dávkování   MeSH
• zubní sklovina účinky léků   MeSH
• zuby účinky léků   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH