Phthalates are chemicals interfering with the function of testosterone and are suspected to play a role in the emergence of neurodevelopmental diseases. This could be due to interference with brain development for which optimal testosterone levels are essential. We investigated the effect of prenatal and early postnatal exposure to a phthalate mixture on the anogenital distance (AGD), plasma testosterone levels and social behavior in rats. Pregnant rats were exposed to a mixture of diethylhexyl, diisononyl and dibutyl phthalate, each at a dose of 4.5 mg/kg/day, from gestational day 15 to postnatal day 4. A social interaction test was performed to assess sociability in the three ontogenetic stages (weaning, puberty, adulthood). AGD was measured in adulthood to assess changes in prenatal testosterone levels. Plasma testosterone levels were measured in adults by a radioimmunoassay. The total frequency and time of socio-cohesive interactions were decreased in phthalate exposed females in weaning, puberty and adulthood. Phthalate exposed males showed a decrease in the frequency of social interactions in weaning only. Shorter anogenital distance was observed in adult males exposed to phthalates. Decreased testosterone levels were observed in the exposed group in both sexes. Our results suggest that early developmental phthalate exposure may play an important role in the hormonal and behavioral changes associated with several neurodevelopmental diseases.
- MeSH
- dibutylftalát toxicita MeSH
- diethylhexylftalát toxicita MeSH
- krysa rodu rattus MeSH
- kyseliny ftalové toxicita MeSH
- matka - expozice noxám škodlivé účinky MeSH
- novorozená zvířata MeSH
- pohlavní dospělost MeSH
- pohlavní orgány účinky léků patologie MeSH
- potkani Wistar MeSH
- sociální chování * MeSH
- těhotenství MeSH
- testosteron krev MeSH
- zpožděný efekt prenatální expozice chemicky indukované patologie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- zvláčňovadla toxicita MeSH
- Check Tag
- krysa rodu rattus MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- těhotenství MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Klíčová slova
- gonadotoxicita,
- MeSH
- antitumorózní látky škodlivé účinky MeSH
- infertilita * chemicky indukované prevence a kontrola MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- menstruační poruchy etiologie prevence a kontrola MeSH
- pohlavní orgány účinky léků účinky záření MeSH
- radioterapie škodlivé účinky MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
Deoxynivalenol (DON) is a toxic fungal secondary metabolite produced by molds of the Fusarium genus, and it is known to cause a spectrum of diseases both in humans and animals, such as emesis, diarrhea, anorexia, immunotoxicity, hematological disorders, impairment of maternal reproduction, and fetal development. The recently revealed teratogenic potential of DON has received much attention. In various animal models, it has been shown that DON led to skeletal deformities of the fetus. However, the underlying mechanisms are not yet fully understood, and toxicological data are also scarce. Several animal research studies highlight the potential link between morphological abnormalities and changes of autophagy in the reproductive system. Because autophagy is involved in fetal development, maintenance of placental function, and bone remodeling, this mechanism has become a high priority for future research. The general aim of the present review is to deliver a comprehensive overview of the current state of knowledge of DON-induced reproductive toxicity in different animal models and to provide some prospective ideas for further research. The focus of the current review is to summarize toxic and negative effects of DON exposure on the reproductive system and the potential underlying molecular mechanisms in various animal models.
- MeSH
- autofagie účinky léků MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- plod abnormality účinky léků MeSH
- pohlavní orgány účinky léků MeSH
- teratogeny toxicita MeSH
- trichotheceny toxicita MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
- MeSH
- antikonvulziva škodlivé účinky MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nežádoucí účinky léčiv MeSH
- pohlavní orgány účinky léků MeSH
- refrakterní epilepsie * farmakoterapie komplikace MeSH
- sexuální dysfunkce fyziologická etiologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- přehledy MeSH
- MeSH
- elektrofyziologie MeSH
- hormon uvolňující gonadotropiny fyziologie MeSH
- krysa rodu rattus MeSH
- melatonin farmakologie MeSH
- novorozená zvířata MeSH
- pohlavní orgány fyziologie účinky léků MeSH
- vápník fyziologie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- krysa rodu rattus MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- srovnávací studie MeSH
