Honey, honey extracts, and bee products belong to traditionally used bioactive molecules in many areas. The aim of the study was primarily to evaluate the effect of cosmetic matrices containing honey and bee products on the skin. The study is complemented by a questionnaire survey on the knowledge and awareness of the effects and potential uses of bee products. The effect of bee molecules at various concentrations was observed by applying 12 formulations to the skin of the volar side of the forearm by non-invasive bioengineering methods on a set of 24 volunteers for 48 h. Very good moisturizing properties have been found in matrices with the glycerin extract of honey. Matrices containing forest honey had better moisturizing effects than those containing flower honey. Barrier properties were enhanced by gradual absorption, especially in formulations with both glycerin and aqueous honey extract. The observed organoleptic properties of the matrices assessed by sensory analysis through 12 evaluators did not show statistically significant differences except for color and spreadability. There are differences in the ability to hydrate the skin, reduce the loss of epidermal water, and affect the pH of the skin surface, including the organoleptic properties between honey and bee product matrices according to their type and concentration.
- MeSH
- emulze chemie MeSH
- koncentrace vodíkových iontů MeSH
- kosmetické přípravky * MeSH
- med MeSH
- průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
- včely * MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Every year, the poultry industry produces a large number of by-products such as chicken heads containing a considerable proportion of proteins, particularly collagen. To prepare gelatin is one of the possibilities to advantageously utilize these by-products as raw materials. The aim of the paper was to process chicken heads into gelatins. An innovative method for conditioning starting raw material was using the proteolytic enzyme. Three technological factors influencing the yield and properties of extracted gelatins were monitored including the amount of enzyme used in the conditioning of the raw material (0.4% and 1.6%), the time of the conditioning (18 and 48 h), and the first gelatin extraction time (1 and 4 h). The gelatin yield was between 20% and 36%. The gelatin gel strength ranged from 113 to 355 Bloom. The viscosity of the gelatin solution was determined between 1.4 and 9.5 mPa.s. The content of inorganic solids varied from 2.3% to 3.9% and the melting point of the gelatin gel was recorded between 34.5 and 42.2 °C. This study has shown that gelatin obtained from chicken heads has a promising potential with diverse possible applications in the food industry, pharmacy, and cosmetics.
- MeSH
- časové faktory MeSH
- gely chemie izolace a purifikace MeSH
- hlava MeSH
- kolagen chemie metabolismus MeSH
- kur domácí metabolismus MeSH
- potraviny MeSH
- proteasy MeSH
- průmysl zpracování potravin přístrojové vybavení metody MeSH
- viskozita MeSH
- želatina analýza chemie izolace a purifikace MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
The purpose of this study was to examine the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance among 180 Escherichia coli strains isolated from 200 wild pheasants caught in rural areas of the Czech Republic (Eastern Moravia) and Slovakia (Western Region). The isolates were also classified into phylogenetic groups by the multiplex PCR method. Our findings demonstrated that 130 strains were resistant to ampicillin (72%), 160 strains to cephalothin (89%), and 40 strains to tetracycline (22%). Ten strains were found to be resistant to chloramphenicol and sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim (5.6%). In turn, all strains were sensitive to cefoperazone/sulbactam, ciprofloxacin, colistin, gentamicin, and piperacillin/tazobactam. Ten of the 180 isolates (5.6%) exhibited multi-resistant phenotypes, including resistances against beta-lactams, aminoglycosides, tetracyclines, sulphonamides, and chloramphenicol. As far as we know, this is the first report describing antimicrobial resistance in E. coli from pheasants.
- MeSH
- antibakteriální látky farmakologie MeSH
- bakteriální léková rezistence * MeSH
- Escherichia coli účinky léků MeSH
- Galliformes * MeSH
- infekce vyvolané Escherichia coli epidemiologie mikrobiologie veterinární MeSH
- mnohočetná bakteriální léková rezistence MeSH
- nemoci ptáků epidemiologie mikrobiologie MeSH
- prevalence MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
- Slovenská republika MeSH
- MeSH
- cholesterol MeSH
- fyziologie výživy MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- vejce MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
