Koronární anomálie u sportovců jsou vzácným nálezem. Význam jejich studia spočívá především ve zvýšeném riziku náhlé srdeční smrti, jež je s některými z nich spojeno. Diagnostika těchto vrozených abnormalit je složitá a léčba komplexní. Cílem tohoto přehledového článku je podat čtenáři základní informace o tomto často opomíjeném tématu.

Coronary anomalies in athletes are rare findings. The incentive to look deeper into this subject is emphasized by the increased risk of sudden cardiac death, that is related to some of them. Diagnostic process is challeng- ing and treatment is complex. The aim of this article is to give its reader basic information about this often overlooked topic.

• MeSH
• Risk Assessment MeSH
• Cardiac Surgical Procedures methods   MeSH
• Cardiovascular Abnormalities surgery   diagnostic imaging   MeSH
• Coronary Angiography methods   MeSH
• Coronary Vessels anatomy & histology   surgery   pathology   MeSH
• Coronary Sinus * abnormalities   surgery   diagnostic imaging   MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Death, Sudden, Cardiac etiology   prevention & control   epidemiology   prevention & control   MeSH
• Athletes MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Publication type
• Review MeSH

OBJECTIVE: The aortic arch (AA) is the main conduit of the left side of the heart, providing a blood supply to the head, neck, and upper limbs. As it travels through the thorax, the pattern in which it gives off the branches to supply these structures can vary. Variations of these branching patterns have been studied; however, a study providing a comprehensive incidence of these variations has not yet been conducted. The objective of this study was to perform a meta-analysis of all the studies that report prevalence data on AA variants and to provide incidence data on the most common variants. METHODS: A systematic search of online databases including PubMed, Embase, Scopus, ScienceDirect, Web of Science, SciELO, BIOSIS, and CNKI was performed for literature describing incidence of AA variations in adults. Studies including prevalence data on adult patients or cadavers were collected and their data analyzed. RESULTS: A total of 51 articles were included (N = 23,882 arches). Seven of the most common variants were analyzed. The most common variants found included the classic branching pattern, defined as a brachiocephalic trunk, a left common carotid, and a left subclavian artery (80.9%); the bovine arch variant (13.6%); and the left vertebral artery variant (2.8%). Compared by geographic data, bovine arch variants were noted to have a prevalence as high as 26.8% in African populations. CONCLUSIONS: Although patients who have an AA variant are often asymptomatic, they compose a significant portion of the population of patients and pose a greater risk of hemorrhage and ischemia during surgery in the thorax. Because of the possibility of encountering such variants, it is prudent for surgeons to consider potential variations in planning procedures, especially of an endovascular nature, in the thorax.

• MeSH
• Aneurysm diagnostic imaging   epidemiology   MeSH
• Aorta, Thoracic abnormalities   diagnostic imaging   MeSH
• Subclavian Artery abnormalities   diagnostic imaging   MeSH
• Vertebral Artery abnormalities   diagnostic imaging   MeSH
• Carotid Arteries abnormalities   diagnostic imaging   MeSH
• Black People MeSH
• Incidence MeSH
• Cardiovascular Abnormalities diagnostic imaging   epidemiology   MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Prevalence MeSH
• Prognosis MeSH
• Brachiocephalic Trunk abnormalities   diagnostic imaging   MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Meta-Analysis MeSH
• Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
• Review MeSH

• MeSH
• Child MeSH
• Cardiovascular Abnormalities diagnostic imaging   MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Lymphoscintigraphy MeSH
• Bone Neoplasms diagnostic imaging   MeSH
• Bone Marrow Neoplasms diagnostic imaging   MeSH
• Central Nervous System Diseases diagnostic imaging   MeSH
• Thyroid Diseases diagnostic imaging   MeSH
• Perfusion Imaging methods   instrumentation   MeSH
• Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography methods   MeSH
• Lung Diseases diagnostic imaging   MeSH
• Positron-Emission Tomography MeSH
• Radiopharmaceuticals administration & dosage   pharmacology   MeSH
• Radionuclide Imaging * methods   instrumentation   MeSH
• Splenic Rupture diagnostic imaging   MeSH
• Check Tag
• Child MeSH
• Humans MeSH

• MeSH
• Diagnostic Techniques, Cardiovascular * instrumentation   trends   MeSH
• Echocardiography, Doppler * methods   instrumentation   trends   MeSH
• Gastroenterology methods   trends   MeSH
• Gynecology methods   trends   MeSH
• Myocardial Ischemia diagnostic imaging   MeSH
• Cardiovascular Abnormalities diagnostic imaging   diagnosis   MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Myocarditis diagnostic imaging   MeSH
• Hospitals, District * organization & administration   trends   MeSH
• Urology methods   trends   MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH