BACKGROUND: Monogenea van Beneden, 1858 is a group of parasitic flatworms, commonly found infecting bony fish. Several genera, such as Cichlidogyrus Paperna, 1960, are reported to include potential pathogenic species that can negatively impact aquaculture fish stocks. They can switch from introduced to native fish and vice versa. In Africa (and all over the world), fish species belonging to Cichlidae are often kept in aquaculture and represent a major source of food. Thus, research on the biodiversity and occurrence of monogenean species on these fish is of importance for aquaculture and conservation. The present study is a survey of the diversity of species of Cichlidogyrus in the south of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) on three cichlid species: Orthochromis sp. 'Lomami', Serranochromis cf. macrocephalus, and Tilapia sparrmanii Smith, 1840. METHODS: Specimens of Cichlidogyrus were isolated from the gills and mounted on glass slides with Hoyer's medium. The genital and haptoral hard parts were measured and drawn using interference contrast. RESULTS: In total, six species of Cichlidogyrus were found, all new to science: C. bulbophallus n. sp. and C. pseudozambezensis n. sp. on S. cf. macrocephalus, C. flagellum n. sp. and C. lobus n. sp. on T. sparrmanii, C. ranula n. sp. on S. cf. macrocephalus and Orthochromis sp. 'Lomami', and C. maeander n. sp. found on Orthochromis sp. 'Lomami' and T. sparrmanii. The first four species are considered to be strict specialists, C. ranula n. sp. an intermediate generalist and C. maeander n. sp. a generalist. These parasite species show morphological similarities to species found in the Lower Guinea and Zambezi ichthyofaunal provinces, which might be explained by past river capture events between river systems of the Congo Province and both these regions. CONCLUSIONS: Serranochromis cf. macrocephalus and Orthochromis sp. 'Lomami' can harbour respectively three and two species of Cichlidogyrus, all described in this study. Tilapia sparrmanii can harbour seven species, of which three are described in the present study. These results highlight the species diversity of this parasite genus in the Congo Basin.

• MeSH
• biodiverzita MeSH
• cichlidy parazitologie   MeSH
• fylogeneze MeSH
• klasifikace * MeSH
• koinfekce parazitologie   MeSH
• nemoci ryb parazitologie   MeSH
• řeky parazitologie   MeSH
• rybí výrobky parazitologie   MeSH
• ryby MeSH
• Tilapia parazitologie   MeSH
• Trematoda anatomie a histologie   klasifikace   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• vodní hospodářství MeSH
• žábry parazitologie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

• MeSH
• demografie MeSH
• druhová specificita MeSH
• hadi anatomie a histologie   klasifikace   fyziologie   MeSH
• řeky MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• dopisy MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Konžská demokratická republika MeSH

CÍL: Tento článek přináší přehled o situaci v místě události a dále představuje kazuistiku léčby pacienta se závažnými popáleninami v podmínkách katastrofy, které již byly popsány autory L. C. Cancio a B. Pruitt [1]. MATERIÁL A METODY: Dne 4. března 2012 došlo k výbuchu v armádním muničním skladu, který měl za následek 246 obětí na životech a více než 1945 zraněných. Muniční sklad byl umístěn přímo v milionovém městě Brazzaville. V osm hodin ráno toho dne se město otřáslo masivní explozí. Tlaková vlna způsobená výbuchem byla zaznamenána dokonce až ve městě Kinshasa na druhém břehu řeky Kongo, ve vzdálenosti 20 kilometrů od místa výbuchu. V průběhu první hodiny po hlavním výbuchu bylo zaznamenáno rovněž několik dalších menších explozí. VÝSLEDKY: Běžnou psychologickou reakcí na výbuch byla obava z vypuknutí další občanské války. Sekundární výbuchy, způsobené pokračující explozí střeliva a granátů, ztěžovaly poskytování urgentní péče na místě neštěstí. Mezi oběťmi byli rovněž osoby, které na událost zareagovaly jako první, hasiči a policisté. ZÁVĚR: Mezi různými typy poranění způsobenými výbuchy dominovala závažná popáleninová traumata a otevřené zlomeniny. Léčba pacientů s popáleninami byla provedena pomocí přípravku Suprathel®, speciálního biologického materiálu pro překrytí postižené kůže.

OBJECTIVE: This article will present an overview of the situation at hand and also provide a case report of the treatment of a severely burned patient under disaster situations like those reported by L. C. Cancio and B. Pruitt [1]. MATERIALS AND METHOD: On March 4th 2012 an explosion in an Army Ammunitions Depot led to 246 casualties and more than 1945 injured. The Depot it self was situated right within the city-limits of Brazzaville, a one million inhabitant’s city. On the morning of the 4th at 8.00 the city was shaken by a gigantic explosion. The shockwave of the explosion was even felt in the city of Kinshasa, on the other side of the Congo river, a distance no less than 20 km away from the initial impact site. In the fi rst hour after the main explosion several minor explosions were felt and reported. RESULTS: A common psychological refl ex to the explosion was fear of another civil war. These secondary explosions occurred due to the ongoing explosion of bullets and grenades and aggravated the emergency at hand. Among the victims were fi rst responders, fi re and police brigades. CONCLUSION: Among the various blast injuries severe burns and open fractures were among the dominant injury patterns. Treatment of burn patients with Suprathel®, a special biological skin dressing material, was performed.

• MeSH
• biokompatibilní materiály terapeutické užití   MeSH
• hojení ran MeSH
• hromadné neštěstí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• polyestery terapeutické užití   MeSH
• polyurethany terapeutické užití   MeSH
• popálení * chirurgie   klasifikace   ošetřování   MeSH
• umělá kůže MeSH
• výsledek terapie MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• kazuistiky MeSH

Twenty species (sixteen adult and four larval) of parasitic nematodes belonging to the Ascaridoidea, Camallanoidea, Cosmocercoidea, Dioctophymatoidea, Habronematoidea, Oxyuroidea, Seuratoidea, and Thelazioidea were collected from freshwater fishes of the Congo River basin in the Democratic Republic of the Congo and the Central African Republic in 2008 and 2012, respectively. Based on light and scanning electron microscopical examination, many species are redescribed in detail. This material also contained four previously unknown species, Labeonema longispiculatum sp. n. from Synodontis acanthomias Boulenger, Gendria longispiculata sp. n. from Schilbe grenfelli (Boulenger), G. sanghaensis sp. n. from Schilbe marmoratus Boulenger, and Cucullanus congolensis sp. n. from Auchenoglanis occidentalis (Valenciennes). The new species L. longispiculatum is mainly characterised by conspicuously long (210-228 µm) spicules, approximately twice as long as those in other congeners, the length (45-48 µm) of the gubernaculum and the host family (Mochokidae), whereas G. longispiculata by very long (1.2 mm) spicules, the shape of the oesophagus and cephalic vesicle, distribution of postanal papillae and the host family (Schilbeidae). Main characteristic features of G. sanghaensis are the presence of a hexagonal oral aperture surrounded by lip-like structures, the posterior portion of the oesophagus moderately expanded, spicules and the gubernaculum 414-438 µm and 54-57 µm long, respectively, deirids located at the level of the posterior end of the oesophagus and the absence of cervical alae. Cucullanus congolensis differs from congeneric species parasitising African freshwater and brackish-water fishes mainly in the absence of a ventral precloacal sucker and lateral preanal papillae, the presence of a large median precloacal papilla-like formation, spicules 480-489 µm long and the location of the excretory pore in the region of the oesophago-intestinal junction. Chabaudus Inglis et Ogden, 1965 is considered a junior synonym of Gendria Baylis, 1930 and, consequently, species listed in the former genus are transferred to the latter as G. alaini (Alfonso-Roque, 1981) comb. n., G. chabaudi (Inglis et Ogden, 1965) comb. n., G. dehradunensis (Rizvi, Bursey et Maity, 2016) comb. n., G. thysi (Puylaert, 1970) comb. n. and G. williamsi (Puylaert, 1970) comb. n. The findings represent many new host and geographical records.

• MeSH
• hlístice klasifikace   ultrastruktura   MeSH
• mikroskopie elektronová rastrovací veterinární   MeSH
• nematodózy parazitologie   veterinární   MeSH
• nemoci ryb parazitologie   MeSH
• řeky MeSH
• ryby MeSH
• sladká voda parazitologie   MeSH
• střeva parazitologie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Konžská demokratická republika MeSH
• Středoafrická republika MeSH

The flatworms of the genus Cichlidogyrus Paperna, 1960 (Monogenea: Ancyrocephalidae) are gill parasites of freshwater fish, affecting predominantly the family Cichlidae. Cichlidogyrus tiberianus Paperna, 1960 and Cichlidogyrus dossoui Douëllou, 1993 are among the most widely distributed species of the genus, occurring in several African river basins and infecting many different host species, including the economically important Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus (Linnaeus) and redbreast tilapia Coptodon rendalli (Boulenger). Despite their wide distribution, C. tiberianus and C. dossoui have so far been studied only by light microscopy. In this paper they are redescribed on the basis of scanning electron microscopy of newly-collected material. The new material was obtained from redbreast tilapia caught in the Luapula River (D. R. Congo). The haptoral sclerites and genitalia are redescribed and illustrated in detail. Special attention is given to the complex morphology of the male copulatory organ.

• MeSH
• druhová specificita MeSH
• mikroskopie elektronová rastrovací MeSH
• mužské pohlavní orgány ultrastruktura   MeSH
• Tilapia parazitologie   MeSH
• Trematoda klasifikace   izolace a purifikace   ultrastruktura   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Kongo MeSH

The headwaters of five large African river basins flow through the Bié Plateau in Angola and still remain faunistically largely unexplored. We investigated fish fauna from the Cuanza and Okavango-Zambezi river systems from central Angola. We reconstructed molecular phylogenies of the most common cichlid species from the region, Tilapia sparrmanii and Serranochromis macrocephalus, using both mitochondrial and nuclear markers. We found evidence for ichthyofaunal contact and gene flow between the Cuanza and Okavango-Zambezi watersheds in the Bié Plateau in central Angola. Waterfalls and rapids also appeared to restrict genetic exchange among populations within the Cuanza basin. Further, we found that the Angolan Serranochromis cichlid fishes represent a monophyletic lineage with respect to other haplochromines, including the serranochromines from the Congo and Zambezi rivers. This study represents an important initial step in a biodiversity survey of this extremely poorly explored region, as well as giving further understanding to species distributions and gene flow both between and within river basins.

• MeSH
• cichlidy klasifikace   genetika   MeSH
• fylogeneze MeSH
• fylogeografie MeSH
• mitochondriální DNA MeSH
• molekulární evoluce MeSH
• molekulární sekvence - údaje MeSH
• řeky * MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Angola MeSH

Parasitological examination of freshwater fishes of the Phongolo River in north-eastern KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa resulted in the discovery and morphological and molecular characterisation of a new species of Wenyonia Woodland, 1923 (Cestoda: Caryophyllidea). The new species from the plain squeaker, Synodontis zambezensis Peters (Siluriformes: Mochokidae), is morphologically most similar to Wenyonia acuminata Woodland, 1923, a species reported from three species of Synodontis in north-eastern, western and central Africa (Sudan, Nigeria, Democratic Republic of the Congo). Both these species are markedly different from congeners by having a nematoform body and a digitiform scolex. Wenyonia gracilis sp. n. differs from W. acuminata in its general body size, length and width of main body regions (testicular and uterine regions), a posterior extension of the testes into the uterine region, numerous postovarian vitelline follicles filling the entire medulla, eggs c. 1/3 larger in size, and a scolex with an apical introvert but devoid of longitudinal furrows and a well-defined base. Wenyonia gracilis is the seventh species in the genus and the first autochthonous caryophyllidean ever reported and described from southern Africa (south of the Zambezi River).

• MeSH
• Cestoda * MeSH
• cestodózy MeSH
• fylogeneze MeSH
• geny helmintů MeSH
• klasifikace MeSH
• nemoci ryb parazitologie   MeSH
• řeky parazitologie   MeSH
• RNA ribozomální 28S genetika   MeSH
• sladká voda parazitologie   MeSH
• sumci * parazitologie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Jihoafrická republika MeSH

A new nematode species, Dujardinascaris mormyropsis n. sp. (Anisakidae), is described from specimens found in the stomach and intestine of the cornish jack Mormyrops anguilloides (Linnaeus) (Osteoglossiformes; Mormyridae) in the Sangha River (Congo River basin) in Dzanga-Sangha Protected Areas, Central African Republic. Based on light and scanning electron microscopical examination, the new species differs from the only other congeneric species parasitising fishes in Africa, D. malapteruri (Baylis, 1923), mainly in the presence of dentigerous ridges on lips, absence of lateral caudal alae in the cloacal region, in the anteriorly curved, non-bifid distal tip of the gubernaculum and larger eggs (60-90 × 52-78 vs 45 × 30 μm); males of D. mormyropsis are characterised by the presence of a ventral precloacal cuticular ornamentation not observed in other Dujardinascaris spp. Dujardinascaris mormyropsis and D. malapteruri also differ in the order of their fish hosts (Osteoglossiformes vs Siluriformes). Specimens previously reported as Dujardinascaris graberi Troncy, 1969, a junior synonym of D. malapteruri, from Mormyrops engystoma Boulenger in Chad belong to the new species D. mormyropsis.

• MeSH
• Ascaridoidea klasifikace   cytologie   ultrastruktura   MeSH
• druhová specificita MeSH
• elektrické ryby parazitologie   MeSH
• infekce hlísticemi řádu Ascaridida parazitologie   veterinární   MeSH
• střeva parazitologie   MeSH
• žaludek parazitologie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• střední Afrika MeSH

Based on light and scanning electron microscopical studies, three new, one already known and one not identified species of the nematode genus Rhabdochona Railliet, 1916 are reported from the intestine of freshwater fishes in Dzanga-Sangha Protected Areas (Congo River basin), the Central African Republic: Rhabdochona (Rhabdochona) centroafricana sp. n. from Barbus miolepis Boulenger, R. (R.) marcusenii sp. n. from Marcusenius greshoffii (Schilthuis), R. (Globochona) paski Baylis, 1928 from Phenacogrammus aurantiacus (Pellegrin) (new host record), R. (G.) tricuspidata sp. n. from Raiamas christvi (Boulenger) and Rhabdochona (G.) sp. (only females) from Epiplatys multifasciatus (Boulenger). Rhabdochona centroafricana is mainly characterised by the length of the left spicule (333 microm) and the presence of the operculum bearing a conspicuous gelatinous formation on one of egg poles, R. marcusenii by the length of the left spicule (453-486 microm) and the presence of a single broad filament on one egg pole only and R. tricuspidata by the body with marked cuticular ornamentations and deirids branching into three prongs. A key to valid species of Rhabdochona parasitic in fishes of Africa is provided.

• MeSH
• druhová specificita MeSH
• hlístice klasifikace   ultrastruktura   MeSH
• nematodózy parazitologie   veterinární   MeSH
• nemoci ryb epidemiologie   parazitologie   MeSH
• ryby MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Středoafrická republika MeSH

Organismal traits interact with environmental variation to mediate how species respond to shared landscapes. Thus, differences in traits related to dispersal ability or physiological tolerance may result in phylogeographic discordance among co-distributed taxa, even when they are responding to common barriers. We quantified climatic suitability and stability, and phylogeographic divergence within three reed frog species complexes across the Guineo-Congolian forests and Gulf of Guinea archipelago of Central Africa to investigate how they responded to a shared climatic and geological history. Our species-specific estimates of climatic suitability through time are consistent with temporal and spatial heterogeneity in diversification among the species complexes, indicating that differences in ecological breadth may partly explain these idiosyncratic patterns. Likewise, we demonstrated that fluctuating sea levels periodically exposed a land bridge connecting Bioko Island with the mainland Guineo-Congolian forest and that habitats across the exposed land bridge likely enabled dispersal in some species, but not in others. We did not find evidence that rivers are biogeographic barriers across any of the species complexes. Despite marked differences in the geographic extent of stable climates and temporal estimates of divergence among the species complexes, we recovered a shared pattern of intermittent climatic suitability with recent population connectivity and demographic expansion across the Congo Basin. This pattern supports the hypothesis that genetic exchange across the Congo Basin during humid periods, followed by vicariance during arid periods, has shaped regional diversity. Finally, we identified many distinct lineages among our focal taxa, some of which may reflect incipient or unrecognized species.

• MeSH
• biologická evoluce * MeSH
• biologické modely MeSH
• buněčné jádro genetika   MeSH
• fenotyp MeSH
• fylogeneze * MeSH
• fylogeografie MeSH
• klimatické změny * MeSH
• lesy * MeSH
• mitochondriální DNA genetika   MeSH
• ostrovy MeSH
• žáby klasifikace   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Guinea MeSH
• ostrovy MeSH
• střední Afrika MeSH