OBJECTIVES: The health status of segregated Roma is poor. To understand why segregated Roma engage in health-endangering practices, we explored their nonadherence to clinical and public health recommendations. METHODS: We examined one segregated Roma settlement of 260 inhabitants in Slovakia. To obtain qualitative data on local-level mechanisms supporting Roma nonadherence, we combined ethnography and systematic interviewing over 10 years. We then performed a qualitative content analysis based on sociological and public health theories. RESULTS: Our explanatory framework summarizes how the nonadherence of local Roma was supported by an interlocked system of seven mechanisms, controlled by and operating through both local Roma and non-Roma. These regard the Roma situation of poverty, segregation and substandard infrastructure; the Roma socialization into their situation; the Roma-perceived value of Roma alternative practices; the exclusionary non-Roma and self-exclusionary Roma ideologies; the discrimination, racism and dysfunctional support towards Roma by non-Roma; and drawbacks in adherence. CONCLUSIONS: Non-Roma ideologies, internalized by Roma into a racialized ethnic identity through socialization, and drawbacks in adherence might present powerful, yet neglected, mechanisms supporting segregated Roma nonadherence.

• MeSH
• chudoba MeSH
• kulturní antropologie MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• průřezové studie MeSH
• rasismus MeSH
• Romové psychologie   MeSH
• rozhovory jako téma MeSH
• společenské stigma MeSH
• zdravotní stav * MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Slovenská republika MeSH

Roma represent one of the largest ethnic groups facing marginalization worldwide. However, significant knowledge gaps persist regarding: A) the social mechanisms supporting health-endangering practices among Roma; B) the social mechanisms adversely affecting their use of health services; and C) the social determinants underlying both above pathways. To fill these gaps, we conducted a series of four explorative ethnographic studies spanning over ten years. Beginning in 2004, the series involved 260 participants, including segregated Roma and health services staff in Slovakia. Of the four studies, two addressed gap A, two addressed gap B, and all addressed gap C. Regarding pathway A, we found that Roma in segregated Roma enclaves can be socialized into ethnically framed racialized ideologies that oppose the cultural standards of local non-Roma life, including certain healthy practices. This adherence to counter-cultural ideals of Roma identity increases specific health and care challenges. Regarding pathway B, we discovered that health service frontliners frequently lack any organizational support to better understand and accommodate the current living conditions and practices of segregated Roma, as well as their own and others' racism and professional expectations regarding equity. This lack of support leads many frontliners to become cynical about segregated Roma over their careers, resulting in health services being less effective and exacerbating health problems for both Roma and the frontliners themselves. Concerning pathway C, we found that the societal omnipresence of antigypsyism - racist and racialized anti-Roma ideas and sentiments - serves as a prominent driver of both the above pathways. We conclude that much of the unfavorable health status of Roma can be understood via a systems perspective that embraces structural racism.

• MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• kulturní antropologie * metody   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• rasismus psychologie   MeSH
• Romové * psychologie   statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• sociální determinanty zdraví etnologie   MeSH
• sociální marginalizace psychologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Slovenská republika MeSH

• MeSH
• antropologie fyzická metody   MeSH
• etnologie metody   MeSH
• halucinogeny MeSH
• houby MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• lidské tělo MeSH
• malířství MeSH
• rituální chování MeSH
• sochařství MeSH
• srovnání kultur MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Nová Guinea MeSH

Learning processes require individuals to find the courage to engage in challenging activities. While being highly personal, such processes always occur within a relational social system. Rehabilitation programs with adapted physical activity as the main intervention facilitate opportunities for young adults with the experience of living with a disability to explore their capacities and develop activity competence and agency. This study aims to explore the dynamic relationship between personal experiences and the social processes underpinning a learning process within a rehabilitation program based on adapted physical activity in groups. An ethnographic single case study generated in-depth descriptions illuminating personal experiences, as well as revealed insight into socio-cultural structures and interactional processes. Analysis of the single case demonstrated how the rehabilitation context was experienced as safe. However, the context also included sociocultural expectations guiding attention towards performance demands, limiting the sense of personal agency, and increasing the sense of risk. Trusting collaboration processes were essential in forming support and challenges sensitive to individual needs and sense of risk, and for translating activity experiences into personal learning and activity engagement outside the program context.

• MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý psychologie   MeSH
• odvaha MeSH
• pohybová aktivita * MeSH
• postižení * psychologie   rehabilitace   MeSH
• rehabilitace metody   psychologie   MeSH
• sociální interakce MeSH
• učení MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý psychologie   MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• kazuistiky MeSH

This article aims to contribute to the limited literature on traditional gastronomic knowledge concerning acorn-based bread by ethnographically documenting the ingredients, preparation techniques and consumption practices of baked goods made from acorn seeds and flour that are still used today or at least still present in living memory. A qualitative comparative case method was adopted, and ethnographic data were gathered from 67 people in six selected Mediterranean, Central Asian and Middle Eastern countries. The analysis highlighted distinct trajectories in the development of acorn-based bread, showing some differences in terms of ingredients, preparation techniques and baking methods in the two cultural and geographical macro-regions. By exploring the evolution of the alimentary role of acorn bread in the past century, our findings also support the hypothesis that the product, at least during the last two centuries, has mostly been used as a famine food. By acknowledging the cultural importance of acorn fruits and acorn-based products, this study suggests that the rediscovery of acorn-based products and associated traditional knowledge may foster the sustainable development of rural and marginal regions in the Mediterranean, Middle East and Central Asia. This could help to reinforce the resilience of local communities and thus increase food security. Furthermore, reassessing acorns as a foodstuff may aid in developing innovative products in line with emerging trends in the food sector, which is looking for new non-cereal-based bakery products and other novel culinary applications.

• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Genital mutilation/cutting is costly in terms of health, survival and reproduction, and the long-term maintenance of these practices is an evolutionary conundrum. Previous studies have suggested a mate-guarding function or various signalling functions of genital mutilation/cutting. Here we use phylogenetic comparative methods and two global ethnographic samples to study the origins and socio-ecological correlates of major types of female and male genital mutilation/cutting. Male genital mutilation/cutting probably originated in polygynous societies with separate residence of co-wives, supporting a mate-guarding function. Female genital mutilation/cutting originated subsequently and almost exclusively in societies already practising male genital mutilation/cutting, where it may have become a signal of chastity. Both have originated multiple times, some as early as in the mid-Holocene (5,000-7,000 years ago), considerably predating the earliest archaeological evidence and written records. Genital mutilation/cutting co-evolves with and may help maintain fundamental social structures, hindering efforts to change these cultural practices.

• MeSH
• cirkumcize u žen * MeSH
• fylogeneze MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• manželství MeSH
• pohlavní orgány MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

BACKGROUND: Drug consumption rooms (DCRs) are harm reduction facilities providing safer and hygienic setting for supervised administration of drugs aimed at decreasing negative health and social consequences of drug use. The first DCR in Czechia was opened in September 2023 in city of Brno in a mobile form operating in a socially excluded area (SEA). A research project informed the implementation of the DCR. METHODS: A mixed methods design was applied in the following phases: desk review, research before and after the launch of the mobile DCR, and routine monitoring of programme performance. Two cross-sectional questionnaire surveys among PWUDs (n = 131 and 135), ethnographic observation, focus group (n = 19), interviews with PWUDs (n = 26 and 19), with personnel of addiction services and local officials (n = 16 and 12), and residents (n = 7 and 6) were performed prior to and after the launch of the DCR. Thematic analysis of qualitative data, descriptive and regression analyses of quantitative data were performed. RESULTS: There was a need and high willingness to use the DCR among potential clients. The significant predictors were opioid use (adjusted odds ratio, AOR = 3.4 in survey 1 and 3.9 in survey 2), drug injection in the last 30 days (AOR 4.3 in survey 1), being in the probationary period during the previous 30 days (AOR 10.0 in survey 1), witnessing an overdose in the past 30 days (AOR 8.5 in survey 2), HCV positivity ever in life (AOR 2.9 in survey 2), living in SEA (AOR 2.7 in survey 2) and Roma ethnicity (AOR 2.8 in survey 2). The beginnings of the DCR were relatively slow with low initial number of clients and drug administrations. However, with time, and programme adjustments following research results, the attendance at the facility has grown. CONCLUSIONS: Research was instrumental in shaping the DCR in Brno before and during its implementation. The DCR showed a potential to attract the most vulnerable PWUDs from SEA. Despite a slow start, the DCR has become an integral part of low-threshold services for PWUDs in Brno and has proven its feasibility in the Czech settings.

• MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mobilní zdravotnické jednotky * organizace a řízení   MeSH
• poruchy spojené s užíváním psychoaktivních látek * MeSH
• průřezové studie MeSH
• průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
• snížení rizika poškození * MeSH
• uživatelé drog * statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH

German patients in search of IVF with egg donation (which is prohibited by German law) are increasingly deciding to travel to clinics in other countries (mostly to the Czech Republic and Spain) that are able to provide them with the eggs of other women. Through three case studies of German couples who crossed international borders for IVF with egg donation, this article provides insight into these transnational practices aiming to circumvent restrictions in reproduction, whatever they may be. The material for this article is based on ethnographic fieldwork and interviews conducted in Germany, Spain and the Czech Republic, as well as research undertaken on IVF internet bulletin boards. The concepts of 'reproductive agency' and 'reproductive projects' are used to analyse the ways in which people search for information about treatments and clinics in other countries, how they embed the practice into their daily lives and how they deal with and position themselves regarding the need for reproductive travel.

• MeSH
• dárci tkání * MeSH
• etnologie MeSH
• fertilizace in vitro zákonodárství a právo   MeSH
• internet MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• rozhovory jako téma MeSH
• sběr dat MeSH
• vládní regulace * MeSH
• zdravotní turistika trendy   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• kazuistiky MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH
• Německo MeSH
• Španělsko MeSH

• MeSH
• ošetřovatelství MeSH
• výzkum MeSH

• Konspekt
• Patologie. Klinická medicína
• NLK Obory
• ošetřovatelství