The ability of Linaria vulgaris (Scrophulariaceae) infusion to act as a scavenger of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical, reactive oxygen species (superoxide radical, hydroxyl radical, hypochlorous acid (HOCl)) and nitric oxide was investigated. The obtained data indicate that the infusion has a good scavenging activity against superoxide radical and is a very potent nitric oxide and DPPH scavenger. In hydroxyl radical assay a pro-oxidant capacity was noticed, especially for concentrations higher than 31.25 microg mL(-1). No effect was found against HOCl. A phytochemical study of this extract was also performed. The HPLC/UV analysis allowed the identification and quantification of eight organic acids (oxalic, aconitic, citric, ketoglutaric, ascorbic, malic, shikimic and fumaric acids). The phenolic composition of the lyophilised infusion was also determined by HPLC/DAD and four compounds were quantified, but, despite its high content, only linarin was managed to be identified.

• MeSH
• bifenylové sloučeniny chemie   MeSH
• fenoly analýza   MeSH
• financování organizované MeSH
• hydraziny chemie   MeSH
• hydroxylový radikál chemie   MeSH
• kyselina chlorná chemie   MeSH
• kyseliny karboxylové analýza   MeSH
• Linaria chemie   MeSH
• oxid dusnatý chemie   MeSH
• pikráty MeSH
• scavengery volných radikálů analýza   MeSH
• superoxidy chemie   MeSH
• vysokoúčinná kapalinová chromatografie MeSH

Few cases of spontaneously horizontally transferred bacterial genes into plant genomes have been described to date. The occurrence of horizontally transferred genes from the T-DNA of Agrobacterium rhizogenes into the plant genome has been reported in the genus Nicotiana and in the species Linaria vulgaris. Here we compare patterns of evolution in one of these genes (a gene encoding mikimopine synthase, mis) following three different events of horizontal gene transfer (HGT). As this gene plays an important role in Agrobacterium, and there are known cases showing that genes from pathogens can acquire plant protection function, we hypothesised that in at least some of the studied species we will find signs of selective pressures influencing mis sequence. The mikimopine synthase (mis) gene evolved in a different manner in the branch leading to Nicotiana tabacum and N. tomentosiformis, in the branch leading to N. glauca and in the genus Linaria. Our analyses of the genus Linaria suggest that the mis gene began to degenerate soon after the HGT. In contrast, in the case of N. glauca, the mis gene evolved under significant selective pressures. This suggests a possible role of mikimopine synthase in current N. glauca and its ancestor(s). In N. tabacum and N. tomentosiformis, the mis gene has a common frameshift mutation that disrupted its open reading frame. Interestingly, our results suggest that in spite of the frameshift, the mis gene could evolve under selective pressures. This sequence may still have some regulatory role at the RNA level as suggested by coverage of this sequence by small RNAs in N. tabacum.

• MeSH
• Agrobacterium enzymologie   genetika   MeSH
• bakteriální proteiny klasifikace   genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• druhová specificita MeSH
• fylogeneze MeSH
• imidazoly metabolismus   MeSH
• interakce hostitele a patogenu genetika   MeSH
• Linaria genetika   mikrobiologie   MeSH
• molekulární evoluce MeSH
• molekulární sekvence - údaje MeSH
• oxidoreduktasy působící na CH-NH vazby klasifikace   genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• posunová mutace MeSH
• přenos genů horizontální * MeSH
• pyridiny metabolismus   MeSH
• regulace genové exprese enzymů MeSH
• sekvence nukleotidů MeSH
• selekce (genetika) MeSH
• tabák klasifikace   genetika   mikrobiologie   MeSH
• transformace genetická MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

• Klíčová slova
• lnice květel (linaria vulgaris), chrastavec rolní (knautia arvensis),
• MeSH
• fytoterapie MeSH
• léčivé rostliny MeSH
• rostlinné přípravky MeSH
• Publikační typ
• populární práce MeSH

Území Čech a Moravy je domovem mnoha výjimečných bylin. Průvodce představí sto pět vybraných druhů a jejich jedinečné květy. U každého z nich je uvedeno konkrétní rozšíření v České republice, lidový název, účinné látky, které rostlina obsahuje, a její využití ve fytoterapii, pokud se může uplatnit jako léčivá. Jednotlivé byliny jsou zobrazeny na názorných fotografiích a detailních kresbách.

• MeSH
• botanika MeSH
• rostliny anatomie a histologie   klasifikace   MeSH
• vývoj rostlin MeSH
• Publikační typ
• atlasy MeSH

• Konspekt
• Botanika
• NLK Obory
• botanika