Rescheduling
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The article deals with the issue of decriminalization of drugs, in all relevant contexts, both in terms of criminal policy and legislation, as well as law enforcement, with focus on the Czech Republic. The article proceeds deductively from the general to the specific. First, it discusses the role of law in society and its legitimacy, with focus on legitimate criminal sanctions, which are discussed in the context of the principle of subsidiarity of criminal repression and the principle of opportunity (discretionary prosecution). After these general considerations, the article turns to the issue of drugs and discusses both drug policy and legislation, arguing that the general considerations are in favor of decriminalization tendencies in this area. In the final part, the article focuses on psychedelics, emphasizing a fundamental discrepancy between their factual and legal status and then considering ways of changing the perspective. At this point, the article outlines the importance of decriminalization of psychedelics for therapeutic use, which basically consist of rescheduling of these drugs. The aim of such decriminalization is to make psychedelic-assisted therapy legally available. The article concludes that this is the direction that criminal policy and law in the Czech Republic should take.
- MeSH
- halucinogeny * MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- prosazení zákonů MeSH
- veřejná politika MeSH
- zákonodárství lékové MeSH
- zločinci * MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
1: ESGE suggests performing segmental biopsies (at least two from each segment), which should be placed in different specimen containers (ileum, cecum, ascending, transverse, descending, and sigmoid colon, and rectum) in patients with clinical and endoscopic signs of colitis.Weak recommendation, low quality of evidence. 2: ESGE recommends taking two biopsies from the right hemicolon (ascending and transverse colon) and, in a separate container, two biopsies from the left hemicolon (descending and sigmoid colon) when microscopic colitis is suspected.Strong recommendation, low quality of evidence. 3: ESGE recommends pancolonic dye-based chromoendoscopy or virtual chromoendoscopy with targeted biopsies of any visible lesions during surveillance endoscopy in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Strong recommendation, moderate quality of evidence. 4: ESGE suggests that, in high risk patients with a history of colonic neoplasia, tubular-appearing colon, strictures, ongoing therapy-refractory inflammation, or primary sclerosing cholangitis, chromoendoscopy with targeted biopsies can be combined with four-quadrant non-targeted biopsies every 10 cm along the colon. Weak recommendation, low quality of evidence. 5: ESGE recommends that, if pouch surveillance for dysplasia is performed, visible abnormalities should be biopsied, with at least two biopsies systematically taken from each of the afferent ileal loop, the efferent blind loop, the pouch, and the anorectal cuff.Strong recommendation, low quality of evidence. 6: ESGE recommends that, in patients with known ulcerative colitis and endoscopic signs of inflammation, at least two biopsies be obtained from the worst affected areas for the assessment of activity or the presence of cytomegalovirus; for those with no evident endoscopic signs of inflammation, advanced imaging technologies may be useful in identifying areas for targeted biopsies to assess histologic remission if this would have therapeutic consequences. Strong recommendation, low quality of evidence. 7: ESGE suggests not biopsying endoscopically visible inflammation or normal-appearing mucosa to assess disease activity in known Crohn's disease.Weak recommendation, low quality of evidence. 8: ESGE recommends that adequately assessed colorectal polyps that are judged to be premalignant should be fully excised rather than biopsied.Strong recommendation, low quality of evidence. 9: ESGE recommends that, where endoscopically feasible, potentially malignant colorectal polyps should be excised en bloc rather than being biopsied. If the endoscopist cannot confidently perform en bloc excision at that time, careful representative images (rather than biopsies) should be taken of the potential focus of cancer, and the patient should be rescheduled or referred to an expert center.Strong recommendation, low quality of evidence. 10: ESGE recommends that, in malignant lesions not amenable to endoscopic excision owing to deep invasion, six carefully targeted biopsies should be taken from the potential focus of cancer.Strong recommendation, low quality of evidence.
- MeSH
- gastrointestinální endoskopie * MeSH
- kolon diagnostické zobrazování MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- prekancerózy * MeSH
- rektum diagnostické zobrazování MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Práca je zameraná na spracovanie problematiky rodín v starostlivosti o nevyliečiteľne chorého člena rodiny. Našim cieľom bolo zistiť, ako vnímajú túto záťažovú situáciu a následne, aké copingové stratégie v starostlivosti o zomierajúceho využívajú. Vo výskume bol použitý štandardizovaný dotazník Coping Strategies Inventory (CSI). Na základe analýzy získaných údajov sme zistili, že rodinní príslušníci najčastejšie využívali príklonové copingové stratégie zamerané na emócie (stratégiu sociálnej podpory) a príklonové copingové stratégie zamerané na problém (stratégia kognitívna reštrukturalizácia, stratégia riešenie problému). Ženy skôr využívajú pri starostlivosti o nevyliečiteľne chorého člena rodiny copingové stratégie zamerané na emócie ako muži.
Work is orientated in processing family problems in caring of terminally sick member of family. Our goal was to find out, how they perceive this strain situation and follow up what they coping strategies in care of terminally ill member of family are used. For our research we used standardized questionnaire Coping Strategies Inventory (CSI). Following analyses receives entry we have found out, that familiar member at frequents make use of reception coping strategy bearing on emotion (strategy social support) and reception problem – solving strategies (strategy cognitional rescheduling, strategy problem solution). Women oftener than not make use of care of dying patient emotional strategies than men.
- MeSH
- adaptace psychologická MeSH
- domácí ošetřování metody pracovní síly psychologie MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- interpretace statistických dat MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- paliativní péče metody pracovní síly psychologie MeSH
- péče o umírající metody pracovní síly psychologie MeSH
- průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
- psychický stres prevence a kontrola psychologie MeSH
- rodina psychologie MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- umírající psychologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
Cílená a pečlivá předoperační příprava nemocných je významným faktorem v prevenci závažných perioperačních komplikací. Základním cílem anesteziologické ambulance je zkvalitnění předoperační přípravy při současné snaze o snížení počtu vyžádaných doplňujících vyšetření s jejich přesunem do ambulantní složky. Činnost ambulance přispívá k omezení počtu odložených výkonů v důsledku nedostatečného vyšetření nebo z důvodu suboptimální kompenzace stavu v bezprostředním předoperačním období. Indikací pro vyšetření v anesteziologické ambulanci je ambulantní povaha plánovaného výkonu, rozsáhlý operační výkon se zvýšeným perioperačním rizikem a přítomnost závažného komplikujícího onemocnění. V průběhu jednoho roku na ambulanci KAR v Hradci Králové bylo vyšetřeno 1384 nemocných. Vzhledem ke stupni perioperačního rizika bylo u 7 nemocných doporučeno provedení výkonu pouze z „vitální indikace“, u deseti nemocných byl odložen termín operace, u sedmi nemocných byl výkon pro vysoké riziko zrušen. Práce popisuje vlastní činnost ambulance a hodnotí její přínos pro pacienty, operační obory a anesteziology.
Careful and targeted preanesthetic evaluation of patients scheduled for anesthesia presents an important step in the prevention of severe perioperative complications. The basic goal of anesthesiologic ambulance is the improvement of preoperative assessment while decreasing the need for complementary examination and laboratory tests, that could be effectively done in the out-hospital setting. The working of the ambulance contributes to the decrease of the number of re-scheduled cases due to incomplete preanesthetic examination or suboptimal compensation just prior to a surgical procedure. The indications for a visit in the anesthesiologic ambulance are day-case surgery, major surgery in a high-risk patient or a presence of a severe complicating disease. Within one year, there have been evaluated 1,384 patients in the ambulance of Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Charles University Teaching Hospital Hradec Králové. According to the preoperative risk, seven patients were recommended for anesthesia only from “vital indication“, surgery was rescheduled in ten patients, surgery was cancelled due to extremely high risk in seven patients. The paper presents the working of the ambulance a evaluates its benefit for patients, surgical disciplines and anesthesiologists.
