Settled road dust was examined to detect the presence of non-airborne submicron and nano-sized iron-based particles and to characterize these particles. Samples were collected from a road surface near a busy road junction in the city of Ostrava, Czech Republic, once a month from March to October. The eight collected samples were subjected to a combination of experimental techniques including elemental analysis, Raman microspectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis, and magnetometry. The data thereby obtained confirmed the presence of non-agglomerated spherical nano-sized iron-based particles, with average sizes ranging from 2 down to 490 nm. There are several sources in road traffic which generate road dust particles, including exhaust and non-exhaust processes. Some of them (e.g., brake wear) produce iron as the dominant metallic element. Raman microspectroscopy revealed forms of iron (mainly as oxides, Fe2O3, and mixtures of Fe2O3 and Fe3O4). Moreover, Fe3O4 was also detected in samples of human tissues from the upper and lower respiratory tract. In view of the fact that no agglomeration of those particles was found by SEM, it is supposed that these particles may be easily resuspended and represent a risk to human health due to inhalation exposure, as proved by the detection of particles with similar morphology and phase composition in human tissues.

• MeSH
• dýchací soustava účinky léků   metabolismus   MeSH
• inhalační expozice analýza   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• monitorování životního prostředí metody   MeSH
• oxid železnato-železitý analýza   MeSH
• prach analýza   MeSH
• velikost částic MeSH
• velkoměsta MeSH
• výfukové emise vozidel analýza   MeSH
• železité sloučeniny analýza   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH
• velkoměsta MeSH

Historical mining activities in the village of Kaňk (in the northern part of the Kutná Hora ore district, Czech Republic) produced large amounts of mine wastes which contain significant amounts of metal(loid) contaminants such as As, Cu, Pb, and Zn. Given the proximity of residential communities to these mining residues, we investigated samples of mine waste (n = 5), urban soil (n = 6), and road dust (n = 5) with a special focus on the solid speciation of As, Cu, Pb, and Zn using a combination of methods (XRD, SEM/EDS, oxalate extractions), as well as on in vitro bioaccessibility in simulated gastric and lung fluids to assess the potential exposure risks for humans. Bulk chemical analyses indicated that As is the most important contaminant in the mine wastes (~1.15 wt%), urban soils (~2900 mg/kg) and road dusts (~440 mg/kg). Bioaccessible fractions of As were quite low (4-13%) in both the simulated gastric and lung fluids, while the bioaccessibility of metals ranged between <0.01% (Pb) and 68% (Zn). The bioaccessibilities of the metal(loid)s were dependent on the mineralogy and different adsorption properties of the metal(loid)s. Based on our results, a potential health risk, especially for children, was recognized from the ingestion of mine waste materials and highly contaminated urban soil. Based on the risk assessment, arsenic was found to be the element posing the greatest risk.

• MeSH
• arsen analýza   MeSH
• biologická dostupnost MeSH
• difrakce rentgenového záření MeSH
• hornictví * MeSH
• látky znečišťující půdu analýza   MeSH
• měď analýza   MeSH
• mikroskopie elektronová rastrovací MeSH
• olovo analýza   MeSH
• prach analýza   MeSH
• spektrometrie rentgenová emisní MeSH
• zinek analýza   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH

The modified BCR three step sequential extraction procedure has been applied to homogenized urban dust samples collected in sedimentation chambers of two Prague tunnels (road, Letna, subway, and station Museum), and to SRM 1648 urban particulate matter (NIST) to validate the applicability of the procedure. Analyte concentrations in the fourth step were calculated from the total content of analytes determined and verified before, in case of the SRM 1648 certified values have been utilized. Concentrations of chosen elements As, Cd, Cr, Mn, Ni, Pb, Zn (Cu, Fe) in each fraction were measured by ICP-OES and GF AAS (arsenic determination) methods. The work has been focused on (i) levels investigation of toxic elements in dust samples and their distribution following a three-stage sequential extraction procedure, (ii) finding differences between two tunnel samples utilizing the estimation of mobility of trace elements, some macro-component comparisons and main mineralogical phases determinations by XRD analysis, (iii) validation of the proposed procedure using SRM 1648 Urban Particulate Matter (NIST) and comparative data obtained by a capillary electrophoresis (CE) method.

• MeSH
• elektroforéza kapilární metody   MeSH
• financování organizované MeSH
• geologické sedimenty chemie   MeSH
• hmotnostní spektrometrie metody   MeSH
• látky znečišťující vzduch analýza   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• monitorování životního prostředí metody   normy   MeSH
• prach analýza   MeSH
• senzitivita a specificita MeSH
• spektrofotometrie atomová metody   MeSH
• těžké kovy analýza   MeSH
• velikost částic MeSH
• zdraví ve městech MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• srovnávací studie MeSH
• validační studie MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH

Street dust can be re-suspended into the atmosphere by wind and vehicle passage in an urban area. Street dust is affecting the environmental quality of the atmosphere and human health. A detailed study was conducted to determine the changes in concentrations of heavy metals and magnetic susceptibility by comparison of samples of street dust obtained in the years 2008 and 2018 at the same localities. An amount of dust per m2 of road area was highly variable for individual localities (47 g/m2 - 1.37 kg/m2), with arithmetic mean (229.7 ± 85.97 g/m2) in the year 2018. Silt particles in street dust (<0.063 mm) represented approx. 15-20%, sand particles approx. 63-70% and gravel 10-20%. Iron (5-6%) has significant concentrations in street dust. The highest concentrations are represented by the series Mn ˃ Zn ˃ Cr ˃ Cu ˃ Pb ˃ Ni. Comparison of metal concentrations in the years 2008 and 2018 showed a comparable level of iron and a lower level of lead. The significant enrichment was found for Cu, Cr and Zn expressed by enrichment factor in the range from 5 to 20. High values of magnetic susceptibility of street dust are caused by metallurgy. Metals except Cu are bound in magnetic particles and have a high correlation coefficient with magnetic susceptibility.

• MeSH
• hodnocení rizik MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• monitorování životního prostředí MeSH
• prach * MeSH
• těžké kovy * MeSH
• velkoměsta MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Čína MeSH
• velkoměsta MeSH

This paper presents the results of water, soil and air analyses taken in the vicinity of a former ferrochromium metallurgical plant. In the past, the area was used for the disposal of waste materials containing smelter slag, dust and other waste products from the manufacture of ferrochromium alloys for the army. Recently, production was abandoned and a project aimed at the liquidation of the dump has been initiated. The project concentrates on the recovery of chromium remains and the utilization of the leftover material as a road construction aggregate. Based on the analyses of ground water, soil and air, a health risk caused by environmental pollution with chromium, especially with Cr(VI), was determined for residential and occupational scenarios. It was found that the level of chromium emissions to the environment constitutes a potential danger of toxic and carcinogenic cases in humans exposed to the emission in the affected area. An increased level in the hazard quotient has been observed in the case of occupational activities. As far as the mutagenic effects are concerned, the occupational inhalation exposure was found to be very high, which may raise extreme concern about carcinogenic risk.

• MeSH
• chrom analýza   MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• hodnocení rizik MeSH
• hutnictví MeSH
• inhalační expozice analýza   MeSH
• konstrukční materiály * MeSH
• látky znečišťující životní prostředí analýza   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• prach analýza   MeSH
• pracovní expozice analýza   MeSH
• průmyslový odpad MeSH
• slitiny chromu analýza   MeSH
• vláda MeSH
• voda analýza   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Polsko MeSH

Ostrava in the Moravian-Silesian region (Czech Republic) is a European air pollution hot spot for airborne particulate matter (PM), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and ultrafine particles (UFPs). Air pollution source apportionment is essential for implementation of successful abatement strategies. UFPs or nanoparticles of diameter <100 nm exhibit the highest deposition efficiency in human lungs. To permit apportionment of PM sources at the hot-spot including nanoparticles, Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) was applied to highly time resolved particle number size distributions (NSD, 14 nm-10 μm) and PM0.09-1.15 chemical composition. Diurnal patterns, meteorological variables, gaseous pollutants, organic markers, and associations between the NSD factors and chemical composition factors were used to identify the pollution sources. The PMF on the NSD reveals two factors in the ultrafine size range: industrial UFPs (28%, number mode diameter - NMD 45 nm), industrial/fresh road traffic nanoparticles (26%, NMD 26 nm); three factors in the accumulation size range: urban background (24%, NMD 93 nm), coal burning (14%, volume mode diameter - VMD 0.5 μm), regional pollution (3%, VMD 0.8 μm) and one factor in the coarse size range: industrial coarse particles/road dust (2%, VMD 5 μm). The PMF analysis of PM0.09-1.15 revealed four factors: SIA/CC/BB (52%), road dust (18%), sinter/steel (16%), iron production (16%). The factors in the ultrafine size range resolved with NSD have a positive correlation with sinter/steel production and iron production factors resolved with chemical composition. Coal combustion factor resolved with NSD has moderate correlation with SIA/CC/BB factor. The organic markers homohopanes correlate with coal combustion and the levoglucosan correlates with urban background. The PMF applications to NSD and chemical composition datasets are complementary. PAHs in PM1 were found to be associated with coal combustion factor.

• MeSH
• aerosoly MeSH
• látky znečišťující vzduch analýza   MeSH
• monitorování životního prostředí MeSH
• nanočástice analýza   MeSH
• pevné částice analýza   MeSH
• polycyklické aromatické uhlovodíky analýza   MeSH
• uhlí MeSH
• velikost částic MeSH
• znečištění ovzduší analýza   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH

The bilinear receptor model positive matrix factorization (PMF) was used to apportion particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of 1-10 microm (PM1-10) sources in a village, Brezno, situated in an industrial region of northern Bohemia in Central Europe. The receptor model analyzed the data sets of 90- and 60-min integrations of PM1-10 mass concentrations and elemental composition for 27 elements. The 14-day sampling campaigns were conducted in the village in summer 2008 and winter 2010. Also, to ensure seasonal and regional representativeness of the data sets recorded in the village, the spatial-temporal variability of the 24-hr PM10 and PM1-10 within 2008-2010 in winter and summer across the multiple sites was evaluated. There were statistically significant interseasonal differences of the 24-hr PM data, but not intrasummer or intrawinter differences of the 24-hr PM1-10 data across the multiple sites. PMF resolved seven sources of PM1-10. They were high-temperature coal combustion; combustion in local heating boilers; marine aerosol; mineral dust; primary biological/wood burning; road dust, car brakes; and gypsum. The main summer factors were assigned to mineral dust (38.2%) and primary biological/wood burning (33.1%). In winter, combustion factors dominated (80%) contribution to PM1-10. The conditional probability function (CPF) helped to identified local sources of PM1-10. The source of marine aerosol from the North Sea and English Channel was indicated by the Hybrid Single Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory Model (HYSPLIT).

• MeSH
• pevné částice analýza   MeSH
• roční období MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH

• MeSH
• dezinsekce MeSH
• rezistence k insekticidům MeSH
• zdraví ve městech MeSH
• znečištění životního prostředí MeSH
• Publikační typ
• sborníky MeSH

• Konspekt
• Veřejné zdraví a hygiena
• NLK Obory
• environmentální vědy