coccidian
Dotaz
Zobrazit nápovědu
A series of experiments have been undertaken to determine the effect of water extracts from pine bark (Pinus radiata) on the inhibition of the sporulation of oocysts of three species of avian coccidia. Tubes containing coccidian oocysts isolated from droppings of coccidia-infected chickens were randomly assigned to 0, 250, 500 and 1000 microg/ml pine bark extract (PBE). The tubes were incubated at 25-29 degrees C for 48 h depending on the species of Eimeria. Sporulation inhibition bioassay was used to evaluate the activity of PBE on the sporulation of coccidian oocysts. The oocysts were gently aerated with an air pump away from sun light. The results show for the first time that water-soluble extracts from pine bark containing 35% condensed tannins have anticoccidial activity as evidenced by their ability to decrease significantly the sporulation of the oocysts of three species of Eimeria, namely Eimeria tenella (Railliet et Lucet, 1891), E. maxima Tyzzer, 1929 and E. acervulina Tyzzer, 1929, under laboratory conditions. Incubation of unsporulated oocysts of these parasites in water containing 500 microg PBE per ml resulted in inhibition of sporulation of these oocysts by about 28-84% relative to the oocysts in the control incubations. In addition, up to 12% of E. maxima oocysts exposed to 500-1000 microg pine bark/ml were containing abnormal sporocysts in terms of size, number and shape.
Apicomplexan parasites represent one of the most important groups of parasitic unicellular eukaryotes comprising such important human parasites such as Plasmodium spp. and Toxoplasma gondii. Apicomplexan radiation as well as their adaptation to the parasitic style of life took place before the era of vertebrates. Thus, invertebrates were the first hosts of apicomplexan parasites that switched to vertebrates later in evolution. Despite this fact, apicomplexan parasites of invertebrates, with the exception of gregarines, have so far been ignored in phylogenetic studies. To address this issue, we sequenced the nuclear SSU rRNA genes from the homoxenous apicomplexan parasites of insects Adelina grylli and Adelina dimidiata, and the heteroxenous Aggregata octopiana and Aggregata eberthii that are transmitted between cephalopods and crustaceans, and used them for phylogenetic reconstructions. The position of the adelinids as a sister group to Hepatozoon spp. within the suborder Adeleorina was stable regardless of the phylogenetic method used. In contrast, both members of the genus Aggregata possess highly divergent SSU rRNA genes with an unusual nucleotide composition. Because of this, they form the longest branches in the tree and their position is variable. However, the genus Aggregata branches together with adelinids and hepatozoons in most of the analyses, although their position within the scope of this cluster is unstable.
Four of 28 wild boodies or burrowing bettongs, Bettongia lesueur (Quoy et Gaimard) passed oocysts of species of Eimeria Schneider, 1875. The boodies are surviving on off-shore islands and in large predator-proof sanctuaries on the mainland where they were reintroduced. The boodie is a potoroid marsupial extinct from the mainland of Australia due to predation from red foxes and feral cats. Comparison with other species of the genus Eimeria indicates that the coccidium found represents a new species. Sporulated oocyst of Eimeria burdi sp. n. are pyriform, 21.0-24.0 µm (mean 22.6 µm) by 14.0-16.0 µm (14.9 µm), with a length/width ratio 1.31-1.71 (1.52) and 1-µm-thick yellowish bilayered wall. Micropyle is present at the thinner apex end filled with hyaline body. Polar granules are absent. Sporocysts are ellipsoidal, 10.0-13.5 µm (11.8 µm) by 7.0-8.5 µm (7.4 µm), shape index is 1.42-1.89 (1.63) and a very thin, poorly defined unilayered sporocyst wall is 0.2 µm thick with a domelike almost indistinct Stieda body. Substieda body is indistinct.
- MeSH
- druhová specificita MeSH
- Eimeria klasifikace cytologie MeSH
- feces parazitologie MeSH
- kokcidióza parazitologie MeSH
- oocysty cytologie MeSH
- Potoroidae parazitologie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Austrálie MeSH
In the period between autumn 1983 and winter 1985, 33 digestive tracts and 317 coprological samples of hares were examined. The prevalence of individual coccidian species was reported on the basis of the examination of both the digestive tracts and coprological samples. The following coccidian species were found: Eimeria babatica (with 26.4% prevalence in the season 1983/1984 and 31.1% in 1984/1985), E. europaea (21.2% and 30.3%), E. hungarica (6.5% and 7.6%), E. leporis (24.2% and 45.4%), E. macrosculpta (1.3% and 2.5%), E. robertsoni (36.8% and 29.4%), E. sculpta (6.9% and 13.4%), E. semisculpta (15.6% and 10.0%), and E. townsendi (67.1% and 74.8%), respectively. The species E. babatica, E. macrosculpta, and E. sculpta were recorded in Czechoslovakia for the first time. The oocyst morphology and location of coccidia in the digestive tracts of hares were studied.
- MeSH
- Eimeria anatomie a histologie klasifikace izolace a purifikace MeSH
- kokcidióza epidemiologie parazitologie veterinární MeSH
- Lagomorpha parazitologie MeSH
- parazitární nemoci střev epidemiologie parazitologie veterinární MeSH
- prevalence MeSH
- savci parazitologie MeSH
- střeva parazitologie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Československo MeSH
A new coccidian parasite of the genus Eimeria Schneider, 1875 is described from the subterranean African silvery mole-rat Heliophobius argenteocinereus Peters, 1846. Oocysts of Eimeria burdai sp. n. were subspherical to broadly ellipsoidal 17.8 (16-19) x 14.1 (12-15), with a shape index 1.2 (1.1-1.4). Oocyst wall was bilayered, smooth and colourless, approximately 1.0 thick. Outer layer was significantly thicker than inner one. A micropyle and oocyst residuum were absent. One or two ellipsoidal or spherical polar granules were present. Sporocysts were ellipsoidal, 10.8 (9-12) x 6.2 (5-8) with a shape index 1.7 (1.5-1.9). Sporocyst wall was single-layered, thin, smooth and colourless, with small Stieda body at the pointed end. In freshly sporulated oocysts, spherical sporocyst residuum was composed of small granules enclosed by a thin membrane. Sporozoites were elongate, lying length-wise in the long axis of the sporocyst, partially curled around each other, with single large refractile body located posteriorly. Faintly distinguishable nucleus was in the central part of the sporozoite. This eimerian represents the first coccidian species described from subterranean African silvery mole-rat (Rodentia: Bathyergidae).
- MeSH
- Eimeria klasifikace růst a vývoj izolace a purifikace MeSH
- kokcidióza parazitologie veterinární MeSH
- mikroftalmičtí podzemní hlodavci parazitologie MeSH
- nemoci hlodavců parazitologie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Afrika MeSH
