Motility analysis of spermatozoa relies on the investigation of either head trajectories or flagellum characteristics. Those two sets of parameters are far from being independent, the flagellum playing the role of motor, whereas the head plays a passive role of cargo. Therefore, quantitative descriptions of head trajectories represent a simplification of the complex pattern of whole sperm cell motion, resulting from the waves developed by the flagellum. The flagellum itself responds to a large variety of signals that precisely control its axoneme to allow activation, acceleration, slowing down or reorientation of the whole spermatozoon. Thus, it is obvious that analysis of flagellum characteristics provides information on the original source of movement and orientation of the sperm cell and presents additional parameters that enrich the panoply of quantitative descriptors of sperm motility. In this review, we briefly describe the methodologies used to obtain good-quality images of fish spermatozoa (head and especially flagellum) while they move fast and the methods developed for their analysis. The paper also aims to establish a link between classical analyses by computer-aided sperm analysis (CASA) and the descriptors generated by fish sperm flagellum analysis, and emphasises the information to be gained regarding motility performance from flagellum motion data.
- MeSH
- Semen Analysis MeSH
- Axoneme physiology MeSH
- Sperm Tail physiology MeSH
- Sperm Motility physiology MeSH
- Image Processing, Computer-Assisted MeSH
- Fishes physiology MeSH
- Software MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Check Tag
- Male MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Review MeSH
... Autosomal Recessive Inheritance, 154 Х-Linked Inheritance, 156 Evaluation of Pedigrees, 159 Linkage Analysis ... ... and Gene Identification, 159 Classical Pedigree Analysis, 159 Assigning Loci to Specific Chromosomes ... ... Influencing Incidence of Disease in Populations, 164 -- Concepts of Incidence and Prevalence, 164 Analysis ... ... Infectious Disease, 301 Classes of Infectious Microorganisms, 302 Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS ... ... the Nervous System, 477 Tests of Nervous System Function, 477 Skull and Spine Roentgenograms, 477 Computed ...
7th ed. xxvi, 1810 s. : il. (převážně barev.) ; 29 cm
- MeSH
- Biomedical Research MeSH
- Child MeSH
- Adult MeSH
- Physiology MeSH
- Clinical Medicine MeSH
- Pathology MeSH
- Check Tag
- Child MeSH
- Adult MeSH
- Conspectus
- Experimentální medicína
- Učební osnovy. Vyučovací předměty. Učebnice
- NML Fields
- patologie
- fyziologie
- NML Publication type
- učebnice vysokých škol
- kolektivní monografie
Background and Objectives: Semen analysis plays a vital role in understanding the healthy state of the sperm in men. The computer aided semen quantification technique quantifies the quality of the sperm from the semen sample which is digitally sampled and processed using digital image processing technique. Methods: The semen samples were collected from 402 infertile men aged between 25-50 years. Similarly 25 samples were collected from the age matched healthy fertile men (control group) as per the diagnostic report from the physician. A total of 427 samples used in this study were analyzed using traditional manual method (ground truth) and the proposed automated method based on the image processing algorithm. Results: Conventional semen analysis procedure was performed manually after liquefaction of the samples. The parameters such as morphology, sperm count and motility types were determined and compared between manual and automated methods. We have achieved a significant repeatability and reproducibility of the results using the automated method. Automated method has demonstrated to be computationally efficient and it required less amount of time to process any given field of view. It is also less susceptible to any rater bias for the analyzed field of view and the results were comparable with the manual method. Conclusions: In this article we describe the developmental stages involved in the semen analysis, custom built automated image analysis protocol and the report generation based on the parameters involving sperm count and motility types.
The aim of this study was to investigate the response of Russian sturgeon (Acipenser gueldenstaedtii) sperm to external cations (Na(+), K(+), Ca(2+), and Mg(2+)) and their susceptibility on the induction of motility and swimming behavior. An in vitro spermatozoa motility assay was used by a computer-aided Motion-Analysis system. Sperm motility was inhibited by 60 mM NaCl (~140 mOsm/kg) and 0.7 mM KCl solutions (~ 21.4 mOsm/kg). The Ca(2+) and Mg(2+) ions were not able to inhibit spermatozoa motility. By contrast, Na(+) within a limited concentration range (between 45 and 55 mm) was able to reverse the inhibitory effect of K(+) at the critical concentration (0.7 mM). Ca(2+) and Mg(2+) were also able to reverse the K(+)-mediated spermatozoa motility restriction at concentrations starting at 0.01 and 0.1 mM, respectively. These results provide evidence for the role of K(+) in suppressing spermatozoa motility, and suggest that Ca(2+), Mg(2+), and possibly Na(+) trigger motility in Russian sturgeon sperm.
- MeSH
- Semen Analysis MeSH
- Potassium pharmacology MeSH
- Magnesium pharmacology MeSH
- Cations pharmacology MeSH
- Sperm Motility drug effects MeSH
- Osmolar Concentration MeSH
- Swimming MeSH
- Fishes physiology MeSH
- Sodium pharmacology MeSH
- Spermatozoa drug effects physiology MeSH
- Calcium pharmacology MeSH
- Aquaculture MeSH
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Check Tag
- Male MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Evaluation Study MeSH
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
The aim of this study was a comparison of sperm concentration and motility (percentage of WHO A+B group) by standard spermiogram evaluation with computer-aided sperm analysis (CASA) for testing of their possible clinical impact. Methods: We have analyzed 105 ejaculate samples. The standard spermiogram evaluation was performed by bright field microscopy in the Makler chamber without heated stage. CASA was done with negative phase contrast in the Makler chamber with stage heated at 37 °C using the medeaLAB CASA software (MTG Medical Technology Vertriebs GmbH) with analog camera. Differences between both methods were evaluated by MS Excel software. Results: Average value of sperm concentration was 68 mil./ml by standard counting and 87,7 mil./ml by CASA. Median value of sperm concentration was 57 mil./ml by standard counting and 71,5 mil./ml by CASA. Average difference between the concentrations by the two methods was 46 mil./ml. Median difference between the concentrations by the two methods was 33,5 mil./ml. Correlation coefficient between the results of the two methods was 0,44. Average value of sperm motility was 50,9% by standard counting and 50,9% by CASA. Median value of sperm motility was 50% by standard counting and 50% by CASA. Average difference between the motility percentages by the two methods was 15,2%, median difference was 12,1%. The correlation coefficient between the results of the two methods was 0,71. Conclusion: The differences can be explained by difficulty of detection of moving sperm and sperm crossing of the chamber fields borders by human eye, by rather low frequency/resolution and higher sensitivity to focusing and lighting irregularities of the camera, by negative phase contrast and microscope stage heating used for CASA. Computer-aided sperm analysis (CASA) offers more objective sperm evaluation than analysis by human eye.
This study of male reproductive health in the Czech Republic resulted from community concern about potential adverse effects of air pollution. We compared young men (18 years of age) living in Teplice, a highly industrialized district with seasonally elevated levels of air pollution, to those from Prachatice, a rural district with relatively clean air. Surveys were scheduled for either late winter, after the season of higher air pollution, or at the end of summer, when pollution was low. Participation included a physical examination, donation of a semen sample, and completion of a questionnaire on health, personal habits, and exposure to solvents and metals through work or hobby. Analysis of data from 408 volunteers showed that the men from Teplice and Prachatice were similar in physical characteristics, personal habits, and work- or hobby-related exposures. Sixty-six percent (272) of these men donated a single semen sample for routine semen analysis, computer-aided sperm motion analysis, and sperm chromatin structure assay. The mean (median) sperm concentration and sperm count were 61. 2 (44.0) million/mL semen and 113.3 (81.5) million, respectively, and were not associated with district of residence or period of elevated air pollution. However, periods of elevated air pollution in Teplice were significantly associated with decrements in other semen measures including proportionately fewer motile sperm, proportionately fewer sperm with normal morphology or normal head shape, and proportionately more sperm with abnormal chromatin. These results suggest that young men may experience alterations in sperm quality after exposure to periods of elevated air pollution, without changes in sperm numbers.
- MeSH
- Chromatin MeSH
- Adult MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Urban Population MeSH
- Adolescent MeSH
- Sperm Motility drug effects physiology MeSH
- Infertility, Male chemically induced epidemiology MeSH
- Sperm Count MeSH
- Industry MeSH
- Seasons MeSH
- Reproduction drug effects physiology MeSH
- Semen drug effects physiology MeSH
- Rural Population MeSH
- Air Pollution adverse effects MeSH
- Check Tag
- Adult MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Adolescent MeSH
- Male MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
- Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. MeSH
- Geographicals
- Czech Republic MeSH
