Testicular cancer is the most common form of cancer in young men of reproductive age and its incidence is increasing globally. With the currently successful treatment and 95% survival rate, there is a need for deeper understanding of testicular cancer-related infertility. Most patients with testicular cancer experience semen abnormalities prior to cancer therapy. However, the exact mechanism of the effect of testicular cancer on sperm anomalies is not known. Mitochondria are organelles that play a crucial role in both tumorigenesis and spermatogenesis and their malfunction may be an important factor resulting in sperm abnormalities in testicular cancer patients. Within the scope of this review, we will discuss current knowledge of testicular cancer-related alterations in the ATP production pathway, a possible pathophysiological switch from oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) to glycolysis, as well as the role of oxidative stress promoting sperm dysfunction. In this regard, the review provides a summary of the impact of testicular cancer on sperm quality as a possible consequence of impaired mitochondrial function including the energy metabolic pathways that are known to be altered in the sperm of testicular cancer patients.
In contrast to the livestock industry, sperm cryopreservation has not yet been successfully established in the poultry industry. This is because poultry sperm cells have a unique shape and membrane fluidity, differing from those of livestock sperm. The objective of this review is to discuss the cellular and molecular characteristics of rooster spermatozoa as a cause for their generally low freezability. Furthermore, here, we discuss novel developments in the field of semen extenders, cryoprotectants, and freezing processes, all with the purpose of increasing the potential of rooster sperm cryopreservation. Currently, it is very important to improve cryopreservation of rooster sperm on a global scale for the protection of gene resources due to the incidence of epidemics such as avian influenza.
- MeSH
- drůbež MeSH
- kryoprezervace veterinární MeSH
- kryoprotektivní látky MeSH
- kur domácí MeSH
- motilita spermií MeSH
- sperma * MeSH
- spermie MeSH
- uchování spermatu * veterinární MeSH
- zmrazování MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
- MeSH
- analýza spermatu MeSH
- antimülleriánský hormon analýza MeSH
- infertilita * prevence a kontrola MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- rizikové faktory MeSH
- služby preventivní péče * metody MeSH
- zachování plodnosti metody MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- novinové články MeSH
Role of male factor in recurrent abortion and in vitro fertilization failure has not been fully defined yet and there is much controversy about evaluating male patients with normal semen analysis. One of the factors that might help establish the male role is DNA fragmentation index. However, strong correlation between this factor and quality of semen, has caused many clinicians to believe that it does not help in abortion and implantation failure. We aim to assess this factor in our patients. In a prospective observational study, we assessed age, duration of infertility, undesired fertility related events (assisted reproductive techniques attempts and abortions), semen parameters and DNA fragmentation index in patients with multiple abortions or in vitro fertilization failures and analysed the results by statistical software SPSS version 24. DNA fragmentation index was remarkably correlated with age, duration of infertility and semen parameters. Among all groups in our study, patients with abnormal semen analysis had statistically significant higher level of DNA fragmentation. Ten percent of patients with normal or slightly abnormal semen analysis had abnormally high SDFI (sperm DNA fragmentation index). Checking DNA fragmentation index is recommended in all couples with fertilization problems even in the presence of normal semen analysis. It might be more reasonable to assess it in aged men, long duration of infertility or candidates with remarkable semen abnormality.
- MeSH
- analýza spermatu MeSH
- fertilizace in vitro metody MeSH
- fragmentace DNA MeSH
- habituální potrat * MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužská infertilita * diagnóza genetika MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- sperma MeSH
- spermie MeSH
- těhotenství MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- těhotenství MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- pozorovací studie MeSH
- MeSH
- asistovaná reprodukce * dějiny ekonomika trendy MeSH
- infertilita diagnóza etiologie terapie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- ovariální rezerva fyziologie MeSH
- počet spermií klasifikace MeSH
- preimplantační diagnóza metody MeSH
- reprodukční zdraví normy MeSH
- věkové faktory MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- rozhovory MeSH
Ostřížková S, Zlotkowska R. Vliv onemocnění covid-19 na mužskou plodnost. Onemocnění covid-19 se od roku 2019 rychle rozšířilo napříč kontinenty a způsobilo pandemii. Častější výskyt tohoto onemocnění byl pozorován u mužů, částečně vlivem vyšší exprese angiotenzin‐konvertujícího enzymu 2 (ACE2), který, společně s transmembránovou serinovou proteázou 2 (TMPRSS2), hraje významnou roli v průniku viru do buňky. ACE2 i TMPRSS2 jsou exprimovány na povrchu mnoha lidských tkání včetně tkání reprodukčního systému mužů i žen. Z tohoto důvodu je stále zkoumán vliv viru SARS‐CoV-2 na mužskou plodnost. Proběhlé studie se zabývají zejména histopatologickými změnami u post mortem vzorků z varlat covid-19 pozitivních pacientů, ale také imunitními reakcemi indukovanými virem SARS-CoV-2. Negativní dopad může mít cytokinová bouře způsobená pyroptózou buněk a oxidační stres. Jelikož je většina virů, včetně SARS‐CoV-2, schopna prolomit hematoencefalickou bariéru, může dojít k ovlivnění hypotalamo‐hypofýzo‐gonádové osy nezbytné pro endokrinní regulaci spermatogeneze. Pacienti s onemocněním covid-19 vykazují vyšší hladiny luteinizačního hormonu a prolaktinu a nižší hladiny testosteronu vlivem poškození Leydigových buněk. Hodnocení parametrů spermiogramu poukázalo na zhoršení celkové motility spermií a snížení koncentrace spermií v ejakulátu. Ovlivnění parametrů spermiogramu se však zdá být dočasné.
Ostřížková S, Zlotkowska R. The effect of covid-19 on male fertility. Covid-19 disease has spread rapidly across continents since 2019, causing a pandemic. A higher prevalence of the disease has been observed in males, partly due to higher expression of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), which, together with transmembrane serine protease 2 (TMPRSS2), plays an important role in viral entry into the cell. Both ACE2 and TMPRSS2 are expressed on the surface of many human tissues, including tissues of the male and female reproductive system. For this reason, the effect of SARS-CoV-2 on male fertility is still under investigation. Current studies have focused on histopathological changes in post mortem testicular samples from covid-19 positive patients, but also on immune responses induced by SARS-CoV-2. Cytokine storm caused by cell pyroptosis and oxidative stress may have a negative impact. As most viruses, including SARS-CoV-2, are able to break the bloodbrain barrier, the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis, essential for endocrine regulation of spermatogenesis, may also be affected. Patients with covid-19 disease show higher levels of luteinizing hormone and prolactin and lower levels of testosterone due to Leydig cell damage. Sperm analysis showed a deterioration of total sperm motility and a decrease in sperm concentration in the ejaculate. However, the effect on spermiogram parameters appears to be temporary.
- MeSH
- analýza spermatu MeSH
- angiotensin konvertující enzym 2 MeSH
- COVID-19 * komplikace MeSH
- fertilita * MeSH
- hormony MeSH
- imunita MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužská infertilita etiologie MeSH
- oxidační stres MeSH
- prostata MeSH
- spermatogeneze MeSH
- testis anatomie a histologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- přehledy MeSH
Reactive nitrogen species (RNS), like reactive oxygen species (ROS), are useful for sustaining reproductive processes such as cell signaling, the regulation of hormonal biosynthesis, sperm capacitation, hyperactivation, and acrosome reaction. However, endogenous levels of RNS beyond physiological limits can impair fertility by disrupting testicular functions, reducing gonadotropin production, and compromising semen quality. Excessive RNS levels cause a variety of abnormalities in germ cells and gametes, particularly in the membranes and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), and severely impair the maturation and fertilization processes. Cell fragmentation and developmental blockage, usually at the two-cell stage, are also connected with imbalanced redox status of the embryo during its early developmental stage. Since high RNS levels are closely linked to male infertility and conventional semen analyses are not reliable predictors of the assisted reproductive technology (ART) outcomes for such infertility cases, it is critical to develop novel ways of assessing and treating oxidative and/or nitrosative stress-mediated male infertility. This review aims to explicate the physiological and pathological roles of RNS and their relationship with male reproduction.
- MeSH
- analýza spermatu MeSH
- DNA metabolismus MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužská infertilita * metabolismus MeSH
- oxidační stres fyziologie MeSH
- reaktivní formy dusíku * metabolismus MeSH
- reaktivní formy kyslíku metabolismus MeSH
- rozmnožování fyziologie MeSH
- sperma metabolismus MeSH
- spermie metabolismus MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
Urologie pro praxi, ISSN 1213-1768 ; Ročník 23, Supplementum A, 2022
76 stran ; 21 cm
Směrnice, které se zaměřují na diagnostiku a léčbu mužské neplodnosti. Určeno odborné veřejnosti.
- MeSH
- analýza spermatu MeSH
- mužská infertilita diagnóza terapie MeSH
- rizikové faktory MeSH
- Publikační typ
- směrnice pro lékařskou praxi MeSH
- Konspekt
- Patologie. Klinická medicína
- NLK Obory
- reprodukční lékařství
- urologie
- andrologie
- NLK Publikační typ
- brožury
Sperm metabolism is fundamental to sperm motility and male fertility. Its measurement is still in its infancy, and recommendations do not exist as to whether or how to standardize laboratory procedures. Here, using the sperm of an insect, the common bedbug, Cimex lectularius, we demonstrate that standardization of sperm metabolism is required with respect to the artificial sperm storage medium and a natural medium, the seminal fluid. We used fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) in combination with time-correlated single-photon counting (TCSPC) to quantify sperm metabolism based on the fluorescent properties of autofluorescent coenzymes, NAD(P)H and flavin adenine dinucleotide. Autofluorescence lifetimes (decay times) differ for the free and protein-bound state of the co-enzymes, and their relative contributions to the lifetime signal serve to characterize the metabolic state of cells. We found that artificial storage medium and seminal fluid separately, and additively, affected sperm metabolism. In a medium containing sugars and amino acids (Grace's Insect medium), sperm showed increased glycolysis compared with a commonly used storage medium, phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). Adding seminal fluid to the sperm additionally increased oxidative phosphorylation, likely reflecting increased energy production of sperm during activation. Our study provides a protocol to measure sperm metabolism independently from motility, stresses that protocol standardizations for sperm measurements should be implemented and, for the first time, demonstrates that seminal fluid alters sperm metabolism. Equivalent protocol standardizations should be imposed on metabolic investigations of human sperm samples.
- MeSH
- flavinadenindinukleotid * MeSH
- mikroskopie fluorescenční multifotonová MeSH
- motilita spermií MeSH
- NADP * MeSH
- spermie účinky léků MeSH
- štěnice MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
