mycelial growth Dotaz Zobrazit nápovědu
Blastoschizomyces capitatus is an uncommon, opportunistic pathogenic fungus, which causes invasive and disseminated infections. This microorganism is normally present in both environmental and normal human flora. Within a host, B. capitatus is able to grow in both unicellular yeast and multicellular filamentous growth forms. In this study, we obtained in vitro morphological conversion of B. capitatus from yeast-to-mycelial phase to investigate the presence and expression of glutathione transferase (GST) enzymes in both cell forms. A protein with GST activity using the model substrate 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene was detected in both morphologies and identified by tandem mass spectrometry as a eukaryotic elongation factor 1Bγ (eEF1Bγ) protein, a member of the GST superfamily. No significant difference in GST-specific activity and kinetic constants were observed between mycelial and yeast forms, indicating that eEF1Bγ protein did not show differential expression between the two phases.
- MeSH
- dinitrochlorbenzen metabolismus MeSH
- Dipodascus cytologie enzymologie MeSH
- elongační faktor 1 metabolismus MeSH
- glutathiontransferasa metabolismus MeSH
- kvasinky cytologie enzymologie MeSH
- mycelium cytologie enzymologie MeSH
- tandemová hmotnostní spektrometrie MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
The effects of inoculation with an arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungus on Cd and Ni tolerance and uptake in Medicago sativa, an AM host, and Sesuvium portulacastrum, a non-host plant, were investigated in a greenhouse experiment. The plants were cultivated in sterilized sand in a two-compartmented system, which prevented root competition but enabled colonization of the whole substrate by AM fungal extraradical mycelium. M. sativa was either left non-inoculated or inoculated with the AM fungus Rhizophagus irregularis, and both plants were either cultivated without heavy metal (HM) addition or supplied with cadmium (Cd) or nickel (Ni), each in two doses. Additional pots with singly cultivated plants were established to control for the effect of the co-cultivation. AM significantly enhanced the growth of M. sativa and substantially increased its uptake of both HMs. The roots of S. portulacastrum became colonized by AM fungal hyphae and vesicles. The presence of the AM fungus in the cultivation system tended to increase the HM uptake of S. portulacastrum, but the effect was less consistent and pronounced than that in M. sativa. We conclude that AM fungal mycelium radiating from M. sativa did not negatively affect the growth and HM uptake of S. portulacastrum. On the contrary, we hypothesize that it stimulated the absorption and translocation of Cd and Ni in the non-host species. Thus, our results suggest that AM fungal mycelium radiating from mycorrhizal plants does not decrease the HM uptake of non-host plants, many of which are considered promising candidate plants for phytoremediation.
- MeSH
- Aizoaceae * metabolismus mikrobiologie MeSH
- Glomeromycota fyziologie MeSH
- kadmium metabolismus MeSH
- kořeny rostlin metabolismus MeSH
- Medicago sativa * metabolismus mikrobiologie MeSH
- mycelium fyziologie MeSH
- mykorhiza fyziologie MeSH
- nikl metabolismus MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- srovnávací studie MeSH
Significant effects of humic acid-like material (HALM) extracted from sewage sludge on dry matter production of cultures of ectomycorrhizal basidiomycetes were found in vitro. Mycelial growth of the majority of isolates tended to increase in the presence of the HALM and this effect was significant for 6 isolates. Strongest stimulation was observed in the case of Amanita muscaria, Leccinum aurantiacum and Lactarius deterrimus. The results suggest that the HALM can be used as an additive to media for cultivation of ectomycorrhizal basidiomycetes.
- MeSH
- Amanita růst a vývoj účinky léků MeSH
- financování organizované využití MeSH
- houby růst a vývoj účinky léků MeSH
- huminové látky parazitologie MeSH
- interpretace statistických dat MeSH
- kokultivační techniky metody statistika a číselné údaje využití MeSH
- mycelium růst a vývoj účinky léků MeSH
- mykorhiza růst a vývoj účinky léků MeSH
Streptomycetes, soil-dwelling mycelial bacteria, can colonise surface of organic soil debris and soil particles. We analysed the effects of two different inert surfaces, glass and zirconia/silica, on the growth and antibiotic production in Streptomyces granaticolor. The surfaces used were in the form of microbeads and were surrounded by liquid growth media. Following the production of the antibiotic granaticin, more biomass was formed as well as a greater amount of antibiotic per milligram of protein on the glass beads than on the zirconia/silica beads. Comparison of young mycelium (6 h) proteomes, obtained from the cultures attached to the glass and zirconia/silica beads, revealed three proteins with altered expression levels (dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase, amidophosphoribosyltransferase and cystathionine beta-synthase) and one unique protein (glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase) that was present only in cells grown on glass beads. All of the identified proteins function primarily as cytoplasmic enzymes involved in different parts of metabolism; however, in several microorganisms, they are exposed on the cell surface and have been shown to be involved in adhesion or biofilm formation.
- MeSH
- antibakteriální látky metabolismus MeSH
- bakteriální adheze * MeSH
- bakteriální proteiny biosyntéza MeSH
- biomasa MeSH
- exprese genu MeSH
- hydrofobní a hydrofilní interakce * MeSH
- imobilizované buňky chemie metabolismus fyziologie MeSH
- naftochinony metabolismus MeSH
- povrchové vlastnosti * MeSH
- Streptomyces chemie růst a vývoj fyziologie MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
The macro- and micro-morphological features, mycelial extension rate, enzymatic activities and possible genetic changes were studied in 30 selected strains of basidiomycetes after 10-year cryopreservation on perlite in liquid nitrogen (LN). Comparisons with the same strains preserved by serial transfers on nutrient media at 4°C were also conducted. Production of ligninolytic enzymes and hydrogen peroxide was studied by quantitative spectrophotometric methods, whereas semiquantitative API ZYM testing was used to compare the levels of a wide range of hydrolytic enzymes. Our results show that cryopreservation in LN did not cause morphological changes in any isolate. The vitality of all fungi was successfully preserved and none of the physiological features were lost, even though the extension rate and enzyme activity were slightly affected. Moreover, sequence analysis of eight strains did not detect any changes in their genetic features after cryopreservation. These findings suggest that the perlite-based freezing protocol is suitable for long-term preservation of large numbers of basidiomycetes.
