OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study is to assess the effects of a treatment bath in a formalin solution on fish, focusing on haematological, biochemical and histopathological profiles. METHODS: A total of 96 common carps (Cyprinus carpio) were randomly assigned to eight groups. Four experimental groups were placed in the test solution for 60 minutes. The concentration of the formalin bath was 0.17 ml/l (38% formaldehyde), with the water temperature of 20°C. The effects of the bath were monitored immediately (E0) and 24 hours (E24h), 48 hours (E48h) and 10 days (E10d) after the bath. There was a control group (C0, C24h, C48h, C10d) for each of the experimental groups. RESULTS: Histopathological indices were strongly affected. Extensive changes were found on gill and skin immediately and also after 24 h, 48 h and 10 d of the formalin treatment bath. A plurality of mucinous elements was observed on the skin. Moreover, structural devastation of lamellas and numerous mucinous cells were observed on the gill. Changes were also found in haematological and biochemical indices. CONCLUSIONS: It can be concluded that after applying the treatment bath in the formalin solution, the monitored profiles were affected immediately after the bath and also after 10 days (histopathological changes of skin and gill). Such significant impact of therapeutic formalin bath should be considered in treatment of fish.
- MeSH
- Disinfectants toxicity MeSH
- Formaldehyde toxicity MeSH
- Carps * MeSH
- Toxicity Tests methods MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Check Tag
- Animals MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
Organic friction materials are standardly used in brakes of small planes, railroad vehicles, trucks and passenger cars. The growing transportation sector requires a better understanding of the negative impact related to the release of potentially hazardous materials into the environment. This includes brakes which can release enormous quantities of wear particulates. This paper addresses in vitro detection of toxic and mutagenic potency of one model and two commercially available low-metallic automotive brake pads used in passenger cars sold in the EU market. The model pad made in the laboratory was also subjected to a standardized brake dynamometer test and the generated non-airborne wear particles were also investigated. Qualitative "organic composition" was determined by GC/MS screening of dichloromethane extracts. Acute toxicity and mutagenicity of four investigated sample types were assessed in vitro by bioluminescence assay using marine bacteria Vibrio fischeri and by two bacterial bioassays i) Ames test on Salmonella typhimurium His(-) and ii) SOS Chromotest using Escherichia coli PQ37 strain. Screening of organic composition revealed a high variety of organic compounds present in the initial brake pads and also in the generated non-airborne wear debris. Several detected compounds are classified by IARC as possibly carcinogenic to humans, e. g. benzene derivatives. Acute toxicity bioassay revealed a response of bacterial cells after exposure to all samples used. Phenolic resin and wear debris were found to be acutely toxic; however in term of mutagenicity the response was negative. All non-friction exposed brake pad samples (a model pad and two commercial pad samples) were mutagenic with metabolic activation in vitro.
- MeSH
- Automobiles MeSH
- Escherichia coli drug effects genetics MeSH
- Phenols toxicity MeSH
- Formaldehyde toxicity MeSH
- Carcinogens MeSH
- Metals chemistry toxicity MeSH
- Mutagens MeSH
- Organic Chemicals chemistry toxicity MeSH
- Particulate Matter toxicity MeSH
- Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry MeSH
- Polymers toxicity MeSH
- Salmonella typhimurium drug effects genetics MeSH
- Mutagenicity Tests MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
Many aldehydes are respiratory irritants which can cause inflammation or other adverse reactions in the respiratory system after being inhaled. Depending on the type and amount of irritant compound inhaled, victims can exhibit symptoms ranging from minor respiratory discomfort to acute airway and lung injury and even death. The lungs are susceptible to many airborne irritants. There are hundreds of substances that can pollute air and harm lungs. Aldehydes are just one type of airborne pollutants that can adversely affect lungs. Some of these agents may be directly toxic. They are also strong irritants for the skin, eyes, and nasal passages. The vapor is irritating to the eyes and respiratory tract. Aldehydes as acrolein or glutaraldehyde are also corrosive substances.
- MeSH
- Acetaldehyde chemistry adverse effects toxicity MeSH
- Acrolein chemistry adverse effects toxicity MeSH
- Aldehydes * chemistry adverse effects toxicity MeSH
- Benzaldehydes chemistry adverse effects toxicity MeSH
- Irritants chemistry adverse effects toxicity MeSH
- Formaldehyde chemistry adverse effects toxicity MeSH
- Glutaral chemistry adverse effects toxicity MeSH
- Rabbits MeSH
- Rats MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Malondialdehyde chemistry adverse effects toxicity MeSH
- Mice MeSH
- Respiration Disorders * chemically induced MeSH
- Air Pollution adverse effects MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Check Tag
- Rabbits MeSH
- Rats MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Mice MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Publication type
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
- Review MeSH
OBJECTIVES: Structural chromosomal aberrations in blood lymphocytes represent a biomarker for cellular damage caused by genotoxic carcinogens and are an indicator of increased cancer risk. We evaluated the association between frequencies of total chromosomal aberrations, chromatid- and chromosome-type aberrations, and occupational exposures to volatile anesthetics, antineoplastic agents, and formaldehyde among 601 medical professionals. METHODS: Chromosomal damage among exposed individuals and unexposed controls was determined by conventional cytogenetic analysis. We used binary logistic regression to evaluate the effects of workplace exposures and major confounders on chromosomal damage. RESULTS: Significantly higher frequencies of total chromosomal, chromatid-type and chromosome-type aberrations were observed among subjects occupationally exposed to volatile anesthetics, antineoplastic agents, and formaldehyde compared to age- and sex-matched controls (P<0.0001). The risk of an increased frequency of chromosomal aberrations was associated with exposure to anesthetics [odds ratio (OR) 3.9, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 2.7-5.8], cytostatics (OR 2.7, 95% CI 1.9-3.9), and formaldehyde (OR 1.7, 95% CI 1.1-2.7). No other covariate contributed significantly to the model. Chromatid- and chromosome-type aberrations were associated with exposure to anesthetics and cytostatics without any contribution of other variables. Stratified data analysis showed the risk of increased chromosomal aberrations among non-smoking female nurses and physicians exposed to anesthetics, cytostatics and, partially, formaldehyde. Chromatid and chromosome exchanges were significantly higher in the exposed groups than among controls. CONCLUSION: Our findings indicate that the presence of genotoxic compounds in operating rooms, oncological units, and pathological departments results in a significant increase of chromosomal damage (impair of chromosomal integrity) among medical workers employed in these facilities.
- MeSH
- Anesthetics, Inhalation toxicity MeSH
- Chromosome Aberrations * MeSH
- Adult MeSH
- Formaldehyde toxicity MeSH
- Middle Aged MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Mutagens toxicity MeSH
- Occupational Exposure * MeSH
- Antineoplastic Agents toxicity MeSH
- Case-Control Studies MeSH
- Volatilization MeSH
- Check Tag
- Adult MeSH
- Middle Aged MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Male MeSH
- Female MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
- Geographicals
- Slovakia MeSH
- MeSH
- Acidosis MeSH
- Antidotes classification therapeutic use MeSH
- Biomarkers MeSH
- Formic Acid Esters metabolism adverse effects toxicity MeSH
- Ethanol administration & dosage adverse effects therapeutic use MeSH
- Formaldehyde metabolism adverse effects toxicity MeSH
- Formates metabolism adverse effects toxicity MeSH
- Clinical Laboratory Techniques methods utilization MeSH
- Folic Acid administration & dosage therapeutic use MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Methanol pharmacokinetics adverse effects toxicity MeSH
- Poisoning diagnosis complications therapy MeSH
- Signs and Symptoms MeSH
- Pyrazoles administration & dosage adverse effects therapeutic use MeSH
- Emergency Medical Services methods organization & administration MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Publication type
- Practice Guideline MeSH
- Keywords
- zdroje znečištění, zdraví člověka,
- MeSH
- Aerosols adverse effects toxicity MeSH
- Allergens adverse effects toxicity MeSH
- Asbestos adverse effects toxicity MeSH
- Benzene adverse effects therapeutic use MeSH
- Housing classification standards MeSH
- Financing, Organized MeSH
- Formaldehyde adverse effects toxicity MeSH
- Environmental Pollutants adverse effects toxicity MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Nitrogen Dioxide adverse effects MeSH
- Carbon Monoxide adverse effects MeSH
- Environment, Controlled MeSH
- Radon adverse effects MeSH
- Risk Factors MeSH
- Statistics as Topic MeSH
- Health MeSH
- Tobacco Smoke Pollution adverse effects MeSH
- Air Pollution, Indoor analysis prevention & control adverse effects MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Publication type
- Review MeSH
OBJECTIVES: Formaldehyde, sodium chloride and potassium permanganate belong to the commonly used substances for fish treatment. The aim is to define and compare their acute toxicity and therapeutic index between two fish species - Danio rerio and Poecilia reticulata. DESIGN: To determine acute toxicity of these compounds, the semistatic method was implemented in compliance with the OECD No. 203 (Fish acute toxicity test). In each test series, 4 acute toxicity tests were performed. The results were subjected to the probit analysis to determine the 96hLC50 values. Therapeutic index (TI) was calculated with respect to short-term LC50 and effective therapeutic concentrations commonly used for fish treatment. RESULTS: The mean 96hLC50 values for sodium chloride were 21.69 +/- 0.92 g l-1 (TI = 1.4) for P. reticulata and 10.39 +/- 0.12 g l-1 (TI = 1.0) for D. rerio. The acute toxicity of formaldehyde for D. rerio expressed as 96LC50 was 0.12 +/- 0.003 ml l-1 (TI = 5.24) and for P. reticulata 0.1 +/- 0.003 ml l-1 (TI = 4.9). The acute toxicity of potassium permanganate for D. rerio expressed as 96LC50 was 1.25 +/- 0.15 mg l-1(TI = 1.5) and for P. reticulata 1.43 +/- 0.05 mg l-1 (TI = 2). CONCLUSION: P. reticulata showed significantly higher (p < 0.05) tolerance to sodium chloride than D. rerio, whereas D. rerio showed significantly higher (p < 0.05) tolerance to formaldehyde than P. reticulata. The acute toxicity of potassium permanganate was comparable for both fish species. Calculated therapeutic indexes of all tested substances were low; therefore it is important to conduct preliminary tolerance tests before application of treatment baths.
- MeSH
- Time Factors MeSH
- Sodium Chloride administration & dosage toxicity MeSH
- Zebrafish MeSH
- Disinfectants administration & dosage toxicity MeSH
- Species Specificity MeSH
- Formaldehyde administration & dosage toxicity MeSH
- Potassium Permanganate administration & dosage toxicity MeSH
- Toxicity Tests, Acute MeSH
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug MeSH
- Poecilia MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Check Tag
- Animals MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
- Comparative Study MeSH
Příčinou kontaktního ekzému u obráběčů kovů mohou být pomocné látky průmyslových kapalin, nejčastěji se uplatňují konzervanty uvolňující formaldehyd. Konzervanty uvolňující formaldehyd byly příčinou profesionálního kontaktního ekzému u 30 obráběčů kovů. Grotan BK vyvolal senzibilizaci u 15 pracovníků, Bioban CS 1135 u 12, Parmetol u 10, Bioban CS 1246 u 9 a Bioban P 1487 u 5. 15 pacientů bylo senzibilizováno na 2, 3 pacienti na 3 konzervanty. Současně na formaldehyd bylo senzibilizováno 16 pracovníků.
Contact eczema in metal cutters might be caused by additional substances of industrial liquids, mainly preservatives releasing formaldehyde. They caused the occupational contact eczema in 30 metal cutters. Grotan BK sensitized 15 workers, Bioban CS 1135 sensitized 12 workers, Palmetol sensitized 10 workers, Bioban CS 1246 sensitized 9 workers and Bioban P 1487 sensitized 5 workers. 15 patients were sensitized to 2 and 3 patients to 3 preservatives, respectively. 16 patients were simultaneously sensitized to formaldehyde.
- Keywords
- Grotan BK, Bioban CS 1135, Parmetol, Bioban CS 1246, Bioban P 1487,
- MeSH
- Adult MeSH
- Financing, Organized MeSH
- Formaldehyde immunology adverse effects toxicity MeSH
- Metallurgy MeSH
- Cohort Studies MeSH
- Dermatitis, Contact diagnosis etiology MeSH
- Middle Aged MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Occupational Exposure MeSH
- Check Tag
- Adult MeSH
- Middle Aged MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Male MeSH
