OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study is to assess the effects of a treatment bath in a formalin solution on fish, focusing on haematological, biochemical and histopathological profiles. METHODS: A total of 96 common carps (Cyprinus carpio) were randomly assigned to eight groups. Four experimental groups were placed in the test solution for 60 minutes. The concentration of the formalin bath was 0.17 ml/l (38% formaldehyde), with the water temperature of 20°C. The effects of the bath were monitored immediately (E0) and 24 hours (E24h), 48 hours (E48h) and 10 days (E10d) after the bath. There was a control group (C0, C24h, C48h, C10d) for each of the experimental groups. RESULTS: Histopathological indices were strongly affected. Extensive changes were found on gill and skin immediately and also after 24 h, 48 h and 10 d of the formalin treatment bath. A plurality of mucinous elements was observed on the skin. Moreover, structural devastation of lamellas and numerous mucinous cells were observed on the gill. Changes were also found in haematological and biochemical indices. CONCLUSIONS: It can be concluded that after applying the treatment bath in the formalin solution, the monitored profiles were affected immediately after the bath and also after 10 days (histopathological changes of skin and gill). Such significant impact of therapeutic formalin bath should be considered in treatment of fish.
- MeSH
- dezinficiencia toxicita MeSH
- formaldehyd toxicita MeSH
- kapři * MeSH
- testy toxicity metody MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Organic friction materials are standardly used in brakes of small planes, railroad vehicles, trucks and passenger cars. The growing transportation sector requires a better understanding of the negative impact related to the release of potentially hazardous materials into the environment. This includes brakes which can release enormous quantities of wear particulates. This paper addresses in vitro detection of toxic and mutagenic potency of one model and two commercially available low-metallic automotive brake pads used in passenger cars sold in the EU market. The model pad made in the laboratory was also subjected to a standardized brake dynamometer test and the generated non-airborne wear particles were also investigated. Qualitative "organic composition" was determined by GC/MS screening of dichloromethane extracts. Acute toxicity and mutagenicity of four investigated sample types were assessed in vitro by bioluminescence assay using marine bacteria Vibrio fischeri and by two bacterial bioassays i) Ames test on Salmonella typhimurium His(-) and ii) SOS Chromotest using Escherichia coli PQ37 strain. Screening of organic composition revealed a high variety of organic compounds present in the initial brake pads and also in the generated non-airborne wear debris. Several detected compounds are classified by IARC as possibly carcinogenic to humans, e. g. benzene derivatives. Acute toxicity bioassay revealed a response of bacterial cells after exposure to all samples used. Phenolic resin and wear debris were found to be acutely toxic; however in term of mutagenicity the response was negative. All non-friction exposed brake pad samples (a model pad and two commercial pad samples) were mutagenic with metabolic activation in vitro.
- MeSH
- automobily MeSH
- Escherichia coli účinky léků genetika MeSH
- fenoly toxicita MeSH
- formaldehyd toxicita MeSH
- karcinogeny MeSH
- kovy chemie toxicita MeSH
- mutageny MeSH
- organické látky chemie toxicita MeSH
- pevné částice toxicita MeSH
- plynová chromatografie s hmotnostně spektrometrickou detekcí MeSH
- polymery toxicita MeSH
- Salmonella typhimurium účinky léků genetika MeSH
- testy genotoxicity MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Many aldehydes are respiratory irritants which can cause inflammation or other adverse reactions in the respiratory system after being inhaled. Depending on the type and amount of irritant compound inhaled, victims can exhibit symptoms ranging from minor respiratory discomfort to acute airway and lung injury and even death. The lungs are susceptible to many airborne irritants. There are hundreds of substances that can pollute air and harm lungs. Aldehydes are just one type of airborne pollutants that can adversely affect lungs. Some of these agents may be directly toxic. They are also strong irritants for the skin, eyes, and nasal passages. The vapor is irritating to the eyes and respiratory tract. Aldehydes as acrolein or glutaraldehyde are also corrosive substances.
- MeSH
- acetaldehyd chemie škodlivé účinky toxicita MeSH
- akrolein chemie škodlivé účinky toxicita MeSH
- aldehydy * chemie škodlivé účinky toxicita MeSH
- benzaldehydy chemie škodlivé účinky toxicita MeSH
- dráždivé látky chemie škodlivé účinky toxicita MeSH
- formaldehyd chemie škodlivé účinky toxicita MeSH
- glutaraldehyd chemie škodlivé účinky toxicita MeSH
- králíci MeSH
- krysa rodu rattus MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- malondialdehyd chemie škodlivé účinky toxicita MeSH
- myši MeSH
- poruchy dýchání * chemicky indukované MeSH
- znečištění ovzduší škodlivé účinky MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- králíci MeSH
- krysa rodu rattus MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- myši MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
OBJECTIVES: Structural chromosomal aberrations in blood lymphocytes represent a biomarker for cellular damage caused by genotoxic carcinogens and are an indicator of increased cancer risk. We evaluated the association between frequencies of total chromosomal aberrations, chromatid- and chromosome-type aberrations, and occupational exposures to volatile anesthetics, antineoplastic agents, and formaldehyde among 601 medical professionals. METHODS: Chromosomal damage among exposed individuals and unexposed controls was determined by conventional cytogenetic analysis. We used binary logistic regression to evaluate the effects of workplace exposures and major confounders on chromosomal damage. RESULTS: Significantly higher frequencies of total chromosomal, chromatid-type and chromosome-type aberrations were observed among subjects occupationally exposed to volatile anesthetics, antineoplastic agents, and formaldehyde compared to age- and sex-matched controls (P<0.0001). The risk of an increased frequency of chromosomal aberrations was associated with exposure to anesthetics [odds ratio (OR) 3.9, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 2.7-5.8], cytostatics (OR 2.7, 95% CI 1.9-3.9), and formaldehyde (OR 1.7, 95% CI 1.1-2.7). No other covariate contributed significantly to the model. Chromatid- and chromosome-type aberrations were associated with exposure to anesthetics and cytostatics without any contribution of other variables. Stratified data analysis showed the risk of increased chromosomal aberrations among non-smoking female nurses and physicians exposed to anesthetics, cytostatics and, partially, formaldehyde. Chromatid and chromosome exchanges were significantly higher in the exposed groups than among controls. CONCLUSION: Our findings indicate that the presence of genotoxic compounds in operating rooms, oncological units, and pathological departments results in a significant increase of chromosomal damage (impair of chromosomal integrity) among medical workers employed in these facilities.
- MeSH
- anestetika inhalační toxicita MeSH
- chromozomální aberace * MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- formaldehyd toxicita MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mutageny toxicita MeSH
- pracovní expozice * MeSH
- protinádorové látky toxicita MeSH
- studie případů a kontrol MeSH
- volatilizace MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Slovenská republika MeSH
- MeSH
- acidóza MeSH
- antidota klasifikace terapeutické užití MeSH
- biologické markery MeSH
- estery kyseliny mravenčí metabolismus škodlivé účinky toxicita MeSH
- ethanol aplikace a dávkování škodlivé účinky terapeutické užití MeSH
- formaldehyd metabolismus škodlivé účinky toxicita MeSH
- formiáty metabolismus škodlivé účinky toxicita MeSH
- klinické laboratorní techniky metody využití MeSH
- kyselina listová aplikace a dávkování terapeutické užití MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- methanol farmakokinetika škodlivé účinky toxicita MeSH
- otrava diagnóza komplikace terapie MeSH
- příznaky a symptomy MeSH
- pyrazoly aplikace a dávkování škodlivé účinky terapeutické užití MeSH
- urgentní zdravotnické služby metody organizace a řízení MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- směrnice pro lékařskou praxi MeSH
- Klíčová slova
- zdroje znečištění, zdraví člověka,
- MeSH
- aerosoly škodlivé účinky toxicita MeSH
- alergeny škodlivé účinky toxicita MeSH
- azbest škodlivé účinky toxicita MeSH
- benzen škodlivé účinky terapeutické užití MeSH
- bydlení klasifikace normy MeSH
- financování organizované MeSH
- formaldehyd škodlivé účinky toxicita MeSH
- látky znečišťující životní prostředí škodlivé účinky toxicita MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- oxid dusičitý škodlivé účinky MeSH
- oxid uhelnatý škodlivé účinky MeSH
- prostředí kontrolované MeSH
- radon škodlivé účinky MeSH
- rizikové faktory MeSH
- statistika jako téma MeSH
- zdraví MeSH
- znečištění tabákovým kouřem škodlivé účinky MeSH
- znečištění vzduchu ve vnitřním prostředí analýza prevence a kontrola škodlivé účinky MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- přehledy MeSH
OBJECTIVES: Formaldehyde, sodium chloride and potassium permanganate belong to the commonly used substances for fish treatment. The aim is to define and compare their acute toxicity and therapeutic index between two fish species - Danio rerio and Poecilia reticulata. DESIGN: To determine acute toxicity of these compounds, the semistatic method was implemented in compliance with the OECD No. 203 (Fish acute toxicity test). In each test series, 4 acute toxicity tests were performed. The results were subjected to the probit analysis to determine the 96hLC50 values. Therapeutic index (TI) was calculated with respect to short-term LC50 and effective therapeutic concentrations commonly used for fish treatment. RESULTS: The mean 96hLC50 values for sodium chloride were 21.69 +/- 0.92 g l-1 (TI = 1.4) for P. reticulata and 10.39 +/- 0.12 g l-1 (TI = 1.0) for D. rerio. The acute toxicity of formaldehyde for D. rerio expressed as 96LC50 was 0.12 +/- 0.003 ml l-1 (TI = 5.24) and for P. reticulata 0.1 +/- 0.003 ml l-1 (TI = 4.9). The acute toxicity of potassium permanganate for D. rerio expressed as 96LC50 was 1.25 +/- 0.15 mg l-1(TI = 1.5) and for P. reticulata 1.43 +/- 0.05 mg l-1 (TI = 2). CONCLUSION: P. reticulata showed significantly higher (p < 0.05) tolerance to sodium chloride than D. rerio, whereas D. rerio showed significantly higher (p < 0.05) tolerance to formaldehyde than P. reticulata. The acute toxicity of potassium permanganate was comparable for both fish species. Calculated therapeutic indexes of all tested substances were low; therefore it is important to conduct preliminary tolerance tests before application of treatment baths.
- MeSH
- časové faktory MeSH
- chlorid sodný aplikace a dávkování toxicita MeSH
- dánio pruhované MeSH
- dezinficiencia aplikace a dávkování toxicita MeSH
- druhová specificita MeSH
- formaldehyd aplikace a dávkování toxicita MeSH
- manganistan draselný aplikace a dávkování toxicita MeSH
- testy akutní toxicity MeSH
- vztah mezi dávkou a účinkem léčiva MeSH
- živorodka MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- srovnávací studie MeSH
Příčinou kontaktního ekzému u obráběčů kovů mohou být pomocné látky průmyslových kapalin, nejčastěji se uplatňují konzervanty uvolňující formaldehyd. Konzervanty uvolňující formaldehyd byly příčinou profesionálního kontaktního ekzému u 30 obráběčů kovů. Grotan BK vyvolal senzibilizaci u 15 pracovníků, Bioban CS 1135 u 12, Parmetol u 10, Bioban CS 1246 u 9 a Bioban P 1487 u 5. 15 pacientů bylo senzibilizováno na 2, 3 pacienti na 3 konzervanty. Současně na formaldehyd bylo senzibilizováno 16 pracovníků.
Contact eczema in metal cutters might be caused by additional substances of industrial liquids, mainly preservatives releasing formaldehyde. They caused the occupational contact eczema in 30 metal cutters. Grotan BK sensitized 15 workers, Bioban CS 1135 sensitized 12 workers, Palmetol sensitized 10 workers, Bioban CS 1246 sensitized 9 workers and Bioban P 1487 sensitized 5 workers. 15 patients were sensitized to 2 and 3 patients to 3 preservatives, respectively. 16 patients were simultaneously sensitized to formaldehyde.
- Klíčová slova
- Grotan BK, Bioban CS 1135, Parmetol, Bioban CS 1246, Bioban P 1487,
- MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- financování organizované MeSH
- formaldehyd imunologie škodlivé účinky toxicita MeSH
- hutnictví MeSH
- kohortové studie MeSH
- kontaktní dermatitida diagnóza etiologie MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- pracovní expozice MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
