OBJECTIVES: Formaldehyde, sodium chloride and potassium permanganate belong to the commonly used substances for fish treatment. The aim is to define and compare their acute toxicity and therapeutic index between two fish species - Danio rerio and Poecilia reticulata. DESIGN: To determine acute toxicity of these compounds, the semistatic method was implemented in compliance with the OECD No. 203 (Fish acute toxicity test). In each test series, 4 acute toxicity tests were performed. The results were subjected to the probit analysis to determine the 96hLC50 values. Therapeutic index (TI) was calculated with respect to short-term LC50 and effective therapeutic concentrations commonly used for fish treatment. RESULTS: The mean 96hLC50 values for sodium chloride were 21.69 +/- 0.92 g l-1 (TI = 1.4) for P. reticulata and 10.39 +/- 0.12 g l-1 (TI = 1.0) for D. rerio. The acute toxicity of formaldehyde for D. rerio expressed as 96LC50 was 0.12 +/- 0.003 ml l-1 (TI = 5.24) and for P. reticulata 0.1 +/- 0.003 ml l-1 (TI = 4.9). The acute toxicity of potassium permanganate for D. rerio expressed as 96LC50 was 1.25 +/- 0.15 mg l-1(TI = 1.5) and for P. reticulata 1.43 +/- 0.05 mg l-1 (TI = 2). CONCLUSION: P. reticulata showed significantly higher (p < 0.05) tolerance to sodium chloride than D. rerio, whereas D. rerio showed significantly higher (p < 0.05) tolerance to formaldehyde than P. reticulata. The acute toxicity of potassium permanganate was comparable for both fish species. Calculated therapeutic indexes of all tested substances were low; therefore it is important to conduct preliminary tolerance tests before application of treatment baths.
- MeSH
- časové faktory MeSH
- chlorid sodný aplikace a dávkování toxicita MeSH
- dánio pruhované MeSH
- dezinficiencia aplikace a dávkování toxicita MeSH
- druhová specificita MeSH
- formaldehyd aplikace a dávkování toxicita MeSH
- manganistan draselný aplikace a dávkování toxicita MeSH
- testy akutní toxicity MeSH
- vztah mezi dávkou a účinkem léčiva MeSH
- živorodka MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- srovnávací studie MeSH
Subcutaneous (s.c.) injection of formalin into rats is frequently used as a painful stressor that produces a three-phase nociceptive response. We have shown previously that s.c. administered formalin (0.2 ml of 4% solution per 100 g body weight) unexpectedly attenuated the increase of plasma epinephrine levels in rats exposed to exteroceptive stressors (handling, immobilisation). To clarify the mechanism(s) responsible for this phenomenon, the effect of formalin applications on epinephrine plasma levels was investigated in various experimental conditions. Subcutaneous application of formalin combined with exposures of animals to an interoceptive stressor, insulin-induced hypoglycaemia, significantly attenuated the stress-induced increase in plasma epinephrine levels, whereas plasma norepinephrine levels remained highly elevated. Moreover, administration of formalin to unstressed animals also manifested signs of an attenuated epinephrine secretion. Interestingly, intraperitoneal administration of formalin did not reduce the elevated levels of plasma epinephrine. We suggest that formalin attenuates epinephrine secretion from the adrenal medulla most probably via irritation of s.c. somatosensory receptors. We hypothesise that the irritation of the primary sensory afferents fibres might reduce the activity of the sympathetic preganglionic neurones innervating adrenal medullary chromaffin cells. Further investigations are required to establish whether the observed reduction of epinephrine secretion from the adrenal medulla is controlled by either spinal or supraspinal neuronal circuits.
- MeSH
- adrenalin krev MeSH
- dráždivé látky MeSH
- finanční podpora výzkumu jako téma MeSH
- formaldehyd aplikace a dávkování farmakologie MeSH
- hypoglykemie chemicky indukované metabolismus MeSH
- injekce intraperitoneální MeSH
- isochinoliny farmakologie MeSH
- nervové receptory účinky léků MeSH
- potkani Sprague-Dawley MeSH
- přední končetina fyziologie MeSH
- psychický stres krev MeSH
- zadní končetina fyziologie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- MeSH
- bolest MeSH
- formaldehyd aplikace a dávkování MeSH
- kaolin aplikace a dávkování MeSH
- míšní nervy * abnormality fyziologie účinky léků MeSH
- mozková hypoxie a ischemie patofyziologie MeSH
- potkani Sprague-Dawley MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- abstrakty MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- MeSH
- edém * farmakoterapie chemicky indukované MeSH
- experimenty na zvířatech MeSH
- formaldehyd aplikace a dávkování farmakologie MeSH
- injekce subkutánní MeSH
- intravenózní podání MeSH
- isoprenalin aplikace a dávkování farmakologie MeSH
- noradrenalin aplikace a dávkování farmakologie MeSH
- potkani Wistar MeSH
- trypsin aplikace a dávkování farmakologie MeSH
- výsledek terapie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- MeSH
- experimenty na zvířatech MeSH
- formaldehyd aplikace a dávkování škodlivé účinky MeSH
- krysa rodu rattus MeSH
- mikrofotografie využití MeSH
- modely nemocí na zvířatech * MeSH
- radiografie metody využití MeSH
- revmatoidní artritida * MeSH
- revmatologie * metody trendy MeSH
- statistika jako téma MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- krysa rodu rattus MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
