Fusarium circinatum is a harmful pathogenic fungus mostly attacking Pinus species and also Pseudotsuga menziesii, causing cankers in trees of all ages, damping-off in seedlings, and mortality in cuttings and mother plants for clonal production. This fungus is listed as a quarantine pest in several parts of the world and the trade of potentially contaminated pine material such as cuttings, seedlings or seeds is restricted in order to prevent its spread to disease-free areas. Inspection of plant material often relies on DNA testing and several conventional or real-time PCR based tests targeting F. circinatum are available in the literature. In this work, an international collaborative study joined 23 partners to assess the transferability and the performance of nine molecular protocols, using a wide panel of DNA from 71 representative strains of F. circinatum and related Fusarium species. Diagnostic sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of the nine protocols all reached values >80%, and the diagnostic specificity was the only parameter differing significantly between protocols. The rates of false positives and of false negatives were computed and only the false positive rates differed significantly, ranging from 3.0% to 17.3%. The difference between protocols for some of the performance values were mainly due to cross-reactions with DNA from non-target species, which were either not tested or documented in the original articles. Considering that participating laboratories were free to use their own reagents and equipment, this study demonstrated that the diagnostic protocols for F. circinatum were not easily transferable to end-users. More generally, our results suggest that the use of protocols using conventional or real-time PCR outside their initial development and validation conditions should require careful characterization of the performance data prior to use under modified conditions (i.e. reagents and equipment). Suggestions to improve the transfer are proposed.

• MeSH
• borovice mikrobiologie   MeSH
• DNA fungální analýza   MeSH
• DNA rostlinná MeSH
• falešně pozitivní reakce MeSH
• Fusarium genetika   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• kvantitativní polymerázová řetězová reakce MeSH
• mezinárodní spolupráce MeSH
• molekulární biologie normy   MeSH
• nemoci rostlin mikrobiologie   MeSH
• polymerázová řetězová reakce metody   MeSH
• reprodukovatelnost výsledků MeSH
• senzitivita a specificita MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

Lecanosticta acicola causes brown spot needle blight (BSNB) of Pinus species. The pathogen occurs mostly in the Northern Hemisphere but has also been reported in Central America and Colombia. BSNB can lead to stunted growth and tree mortality, and has resulted in severe damage to pine plantations in the past. There have been increasingly frequent new reports of this pathogen in Europe and in North America during the course of the past 10 years. This is despite the fact that quarantine practices and eradication protocols are in place to prevent its spread. TAXONOMY: Kingdom Fungi; Phylum Ascomycota; Subphylum Pezizomycotina; Class Dothideomycetes; Subclass Dothideomycetidae; Order Capniodales; Family Mycosphaerellaceae; Genus Lecanosticta. HOST RANGE AND DISTRIBUTION: Lecanosticta spp. occur on various Pinus species and are found in North America, Central America, South America (Colombia), Europe as well as Asia. DISEASE SYMPTOMS: Small yellow irregular spots appear on the infected pine needles that become brown over time. They can be surrounded by a yellow halo. These characteristic brown spots develop to form narrow brown bands that result in needle death from the tips down to the point of infection. Needles are prematurely shed, leaving bare branches with tufts of new needles at the branch tips. Infection is usually most severe in the lower parts of the trees and progresses upwards into the canopies. USEFUL WEBSITES: The EPPO global database providing information on L. acicola (https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/SCIRAC) Reference genome of L. acicola available on GenBank (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/genome/?term=Lecanosticta+acicola) JGI Gold Genome database information sheet of L. acicola sequenced genome (https://gold.jgi.doe.gov/organism?xml:id=Go0047147).

• MeSH
• Ascomycota patogenita   MeSH
• borovice mikrobiologie   MeSH
• lesy MeSH
• nemoci rostlin mikrobiologie   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

Lecanosticta acicola is a heterothallic ascomycete that causes brown spot needle blight on native and nonnative Pinus spp. in many regions of the world. In this study we investigated the origin of European L. acicola populations and estimated the level of random mating of the pathogen in affected areas. Part of the elongation factor 1-α gene was sequenced, 11 microsatellite regions were screened, and the mating type idiomorphs were determined for 201 isolates of L. acicola collected from three continents and 17 host species. The isolates from Mexico and Guatemala were unique, highly diverse and could represent cryptic species of Lecanosticta. The isolates from East Asia formed a uniform and discrete group. Two distinct populations were identified in both North America and Europe. Approximate Bayesian computation analyses strongly suggest independent introductions of two populations from North America into Europe. Microsatellite data and mating type distributions indicated random recombination in the populations of North America and Europe. Its intercontinental introduction can most likely be explained as a consequence of the movement of infected plant material. In contrast, the spread of L. acicola within Europe appears to be primarily due to conidial dispersion and probably also ascospore dissemination.

• MeSH
• Ascomycota genetika   izolace a purifikace   fyziologie   MeSH
• Bayesova věta MeSH
• borovice mikrobiologie   MeSH
• fungální geny pro párovací typ genetika   MeSH
• fylogeneze MeSH
• genetická variace MeSH
• listy rostlin mikrobiologie   MeSH
• mikrosatelitní repetice genetika   MeSH
• nemoci rostlin mikrobiologie   MeSH
• populační genetika MeSH
• zeměpis MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Evropa MeSH
• Guatemala MeSH
• Mexiko MeSH
• Severní Amerika MeSH

Publikace se zabývá různými pandemie v 19., 20. a 21. století, včetně pandemie COVID-19. Určeno odborné veřejnosti.; V minulosti patogeny kosily společnosti, vyčerpávaly státy, měnily způsob života, pohyb i styky mezi lidmi zrovna tak silně a fatálně jako dnes nový koronavirus. Kniha z pera americké novinářky charakterizuje pandemie obecně, přibližuje jednotlivé typy a jejich vznik, všímá si nejen současné pandemie koronaviru COVID-19, ale podrobně popisuje i způsob šíření cholery, k němuž se v průběhu knihy vrací a uvádí ho jako modelový příklad. Zajímá se rovněž o výhledy do budoucna, jak na ně reaguje veřejnost a proč se tolik děsíme eboly, ale nemoci, které řádí u nás běžněji, bereme často na lehkou váhu.

• MeSH
• COVID-19 MeSH
• dějiny 19. století MeSH
• dějiny 20. století MeSH
• dějiny 21. století MeSH
• pandemie dějiny   MeSH
• přenos infekční nemoci MeSH
• rizikové faktory MeSH
• Check Tag
• dějiny 19. století MeSH
• dějiny 20. století MeSH
• dějiny 21. století MeSH
• Publikační typ
• monografie MeSH

• Konspekt
• Patologie. Klinická medicína
• NLK Obory
• epidemiologie
• infekční lékařství
• dějiny lékařství

• MeSH
• entomologie MeSH
• fyziologie buňky MeSH
• hematologie MeSH
• kompartmentace buňky MeSH
• nádorové procesy MeSH
• Publikační typ
• kongresy MeSH

• Konspekt
• Biologické vědy
• NLK Obory
• biologie
• biologie
• onkologie

• MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• infekční nemoci MeSH
• pediatrie metody   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• Publikační typ
• příručky MeSH

• Konspekt
• Pediatrie
• NLK Obory
• pediatrie
• infekční lékařství
• NLK Publikační typ
• kolektivní monografie