quantitative, nutritional, and physiological parameters
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Cíl: Hlavním cílem pilotní studie (podklad plánované celonárodní studie) bylo provést kvantitativní i kvalitativní monitoring výživových zvyklostí adolescentů. Dílčím cílem bylo srovnat vybrané parametry s rozsáhlou evropskou studií HELENA a defi novat, zda výběr stravy studentů nelékařských studijních oborů je ovlivněn odbornými znalostmi o zásadách zdravé výživy a liší se tak od laické adolescentní populace České republiky. Metody: Sběr kvantitativních dat byl realizován pomocí autorského dotazníku (35 položek), soubor celkem 131 respondentů (studenti nelékařských studijních oborů: Všeobecná sestra, Nutriční terapeut, Optometrie). Věkový průměr 24,0 let, směrodatná odchylka 3,75). Data byla vyhodnocena pomocí popisné (deskriptivní) statistiky s využitím absolutních a relativních četností. Výsledky: Z výsledků pilotní studie (realizované 12/2008–01/2009) vyplynulo, že respondenti přijímají nedostatečné množství ovoce a zeleniny. Více než 1 porci ovoce denně konzumuje 29,01 % respondentů a více než 1 porci zeleniny denně konzumuje 24,43 % respondentů. Naopak nadbytečný je příjem tzv. nevhodných potravin – snacků cukrovinky, tučná a sladká jídla, hranolky či nadměrně slazené nápoje). Na dotaz o množství přijímaných nevhodných potravin uvedlo 9,92 % respondentů příjem více než 1× denně a konzumaci 1× denně uvedlo 32,06 % respondentů (BMI v mezích normy, tj. ženy 19–23,9 a muži 20–24,9, dosáhlo 75 % respondentů, 10 % respondentů mělo pod normu sníženou hodnotu BMI a 15 % respondentů nad normu zvýšenou hodnotu BMI). Závěry: Chování respondentů pilotní studie a evropské mládeže se ve všech sledovaných oblastech (příjem ovoce, zeleniny, „nevhodných potravin“) shoduje.
Aims: The main goal of pilot study (background prospective nationwide study) was realize quantitative as well as quantitative monitoring of the nutrition customs by adult population. As partial goals has been established two goals: to compare selected parameters with long – range Th e European study HELENA and to defi ne if the food selection by paramedical students is infl uenced according to professional pieces of knowledge about principles healthy nutrition and its diff erent toward to laic adolescent population at Czech Republic. Methods: Th e quantitative data collection was realized by method of an authors questionnaire (35 items), set of 131 respondents (paramedical students: Nurse, Nutritionists, Optometrists). Average age was 24.0 years, standard deviation was 3.75. Data has been evaluated thanks to descriptive statistics with utilization absolute and relative rates. Results: Th e pilot study outcomes (realized 12/2008–01/2009) refer to fact that respondents are receiving a lack amount of fruit and vegetables. Daily consume more than one fruit portion 29,01 % of the respondents and daily consume more than one vegetable portion 24,43 % of the respondents. At the other side the amount of the “unfi tting” food – snacks (sweets, fatty food, chips or ickie drinks). On the question about amount of receiving unfi tting food indicated 9,92 % of respondents intake more than one portion and consummation of amount one portion per day indicated 32,06 % of the respondents (BMI in normal rates, i.e. women 19–23.9 and men 20–24.9 has got 75 % respondents, 10 % respondents has got decreased rate of BMI and 15 % respondents has got over normal increased rate of BMI). Conclusions: By the total outcomes comparison has found out that behave in the district of Czech and European adolescent population is consensual in all monitored attributes (intake of fruit, vegetable, “unfi tting food”).
- Klíčová slova
- adolescence, studie HELENA, fenomén adolescenční moratorium,
- MeSH
- fyziologie výživy mladistvých MeSH
- hodnocení stavu výživy MeSH
- index tělesné hmotnosti MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- nutriční stav MeSH
- pilotní projekty MeSH
- podvýživa MeSH
- průřezové studie MeSH
- průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
- stravovací zvyklosti MeSH
- zdraví MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
Institutes from 5 CMEA countries took part in complementary joint investigations in order to ascertain the variance in energy and protein requirement and parameters of nutrient and energy metabolism with such fattening pigs as test animals as characterise the prospective breeding development in each of the countries and in order to establish the bases for the critical revision of the norms of energy and protein requirement for fattening pigs and, if necessary, their more precise determination. The most important conclusion drawn from the comparative assessment of the results presented in 9 articles is that due to wide variations in the energy and protein requirement values between the individual investigators as well as within the institutions themselves, norms of energy and protein requirement for fattening can only be adopted between countries when adequate investigations under the specific conditions of the individual countries justify this.
- MeSH
- chov MeSH
- dietní proteiny metabolismus MeSH
- energetický metabolismus * MeSH
- fyziologie výživy zvířat * MeSH
- hodnotící studie jako téma MeSH
- nutriční nároky MeSH
- prasata metabolismus MeSH
- tělesná hmotnost MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- anglický abstrakt MeSH
- časopisecké články MeSH
- srovnávací studie MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Bulharsko MeSH
- Československo MeSH
- Maďarsko MeSH
- Německo východní MeSH
- SSSR MeSH
Nutritional status, its assessment and its influence on numerous diseases is currently still being discussed. The aim of this study was to determine the current state of nutrition by various research methods in school children. Also, to verify the accuracy of body mass index (BMI) determination in school environment and to compare the nutritional status in two different types of school. We used a quantitative questionnaire method in 64 children from schools in the South Moravian Region. We have verified the weight and height measurement in the same group by sophisticated instruments. We have determined the basic parameters of the cardiovascular system (non-invasive continuously blood pressure recording; mutual spectral analysis for estimation of baroreflex sensitivity; applanation tonometry and cardiac polygraphy for arterial stiffness evaluation). The indicative questionnaire method encountered a problem with the weight of almost 40 % of the population approached - both obesity (14.3 %) and malnutrition (25.2 %). Cardiovascular parameters were in physiological range for the given age categories. We found increased values in BMI, % of body fat and heart rate in children from countryside type of school, respectively. We concluded that obesity/malnutrition are both common phenomena in the children population in the Czech Republic.
- MeSH
- cévní index srdce-kotník MeSH
- krevní tlak * MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- městské obyvatelstvo statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- nutriční stav * MeSH
- obezita epidemiologie patofyziologie MeSH
- pilotní projekty MeSH
- podvýživa epidemiologie patofyziologie MeSH
- tuhost cévní stěny * MeSH
- venkovské obyvatelstvo statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
Ticks are blood-feeding arachnids transmitting a variety of pathogens to humans and animals. A unique trait in tick physiology is their ability to engorge and digest large amounts of host blood, ensuring their high reproductive potential. Activation of the blood digestive machinery in the tick gut, as well as processes controlling maturation of ovaries, are triggered upon blood meal uptake by still largely unknown mechanisms. Sensing of the nutritional status in metazoan organisms is facilitated by the evolutionarily conserved Insulin Signaling Pathway (ISP) and the interlinked Target of Rapamycin (TOR) pathway. Recently, we have identified three components of these pathways in the hard tick Ixodes ricinus midgut transcriptome, namely a putative insulin receptor (InR), and the downstream intracellular serine/threonine kinases AKT and TOR. In this study, we primarily focus on the molecular and functional characterization of the I. ricinus insulin receptor (IrInR), the first InR characterized in Chelicerates. A phylogenetic analysis across the major Arthropod lineages demonstrated that ticks possess only one gene encoding an InR-related molecule. Tissue expression profiling by quantitative PCR in semi-engorged I. ricinus females revealed that the IrInR, as well as AKT (IrAKT) and TOR (IrTOR) are expressed in various organs, with the highest expression being detected in ovaries. We have further evaluated the impact of RNAi-mediated knock-down (KD) of IrInR, IrAKT, and IrTOR on tick blood-feeding and reproductive capacity. Weights of engorged IrInR KD females and laid egg clutches were reduced compared to the control group, and these quantitative parameters clearly correlated with the efficiency of RNAi-KD achieved in individual ticks. The most striking phenotype was observed for IrAKT KD that impaired tick feeding and completely aborted egg production. A recombinant extracellular fragment of the IrInR α-subunit was used to produce antibodies in experimental rabbits to assess its potential as a protective antigen against tick feeding and reproduction. Our data clearly indicate the functionality of the ISP in ticks and demonstrate the need for further investigation of specific roles played by the endogenous insulin-like peptides in tick physiological processes.
