BACKGROUND: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), including those targeting PD-1, are currently used in a wide range of tumors, but only 20-40% of patients achieve clinical benefit. The objective of our study was to find predictive peripheral blood-based biomarkers for ICI treatment. METHODS: In 41 patients with advanced malignant melanoma (MM) and NSCLC treated with PD-1 inhibitors, we analyzed peripheral blood-based immune subsets by flow cytometry before treatment initialization and the second therapy dose. Specifically, we assessed basic blood differential count, overall T cells and their subgroups, B cells, and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC). In detail, CD4 + and CD8 + T cells were assessed according to their subtypes, such as central memory T cells (TCM), effector memory T cells (TEM), and naïve T cells (TN). Furthermore, we also evaluated the predictive value of CD28 and ICOS/CD278 co-expression on T cells. RESULTS: Patients who achieved disease control on ICIs had a significantly lower baseline proportion of CD4 + TEM (p = 0.013) and tended to have a higher baseline proportion of CD4 + TCM (p = 0.059). ICI therapy-induced increase in Treg count (p = 0.012) and the proportion of CD4 + TN (p = 0.008) and CD28 + ICOS- T cells (p = 0.012) was associated with disease control. Patients with a high baseline proportion of CD4 + TCM and a low baseline proportion of CD4 + TEM showed significantly longer PFS (p = 0.011, HR 2.6 and p ˂ 0.001, HR 0.23, respectively) and longer OS (p = 0.002, HR 3.75 and p ˂ 0.001, HR 0.15, respectively). Before the second dose, the high proportion of CD28 + ICOS- T cells after ICI therapy initiation was significantly associated with prolonged PFS (p = 0.017, HR 2.51) and OS (p = 0.030, HR 2.69). Also, a high Treg count after 2 weeks of ICI treatment was associated with significantly prolonged PFS (p = 0.016, HR 2.33). CONCLUSION: In summary, our findings suggest that CD4 + TEM and TCM baselines and an early increase in the Treg count induced by PD-1 inhibitors and the proportion of CD28 + ICOS- T cells may be useful in predicting the response in NSCLC and MM patients.

• MeSH
• antigeny CD278 metabolismus   MeSH
• antigeny CD279 antagonisté a inhibitory   MeSH
• antigeny CD28 MeSH
• CD8-pozitivní T-lymfocyty imunologie   účinky léků   metabolismus   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• inhibitory kontrolních bodů * terapeutické užití   farmakologie   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• melanom * farmakoterapie   imunologie   krev   patologie   MeSH
• nádory plic * farmakoterapie   imunologie   krev   patologie   MeSH
• nemalobuněčný karcinom plic * farmakoterapie   imunologie   krev   patologie   MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

• MeSH
• akutní myeloidní leukemie * farmakoterapie   MeSH
• antigeny CD28 MeSH
• antigeny CD3 imunologie   MeSH
• antigeny CD38 * antagonisté a inhibitory   metabolismus   MeSH
• humanizované monoklonální protilátky * terapeutické užití   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• membránové glykoproteiny MeSH
• protilátky bispecifické terapeutické užití   MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• T-lymfocyty imunologie   metabolismus   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

PURPOSE: Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) is the most frequent symptomatic primary immunodeficiency, with heterogeneous clinical presentation. Our goal was to analyze CD8 T cell homeostasis in patients with infection only CVID, compared to those additionally affected by dysregulatory and autoimmune phenomena. METHODS: We used flow and mass cytometry evaluation of peripheral blood of 40 patients with CVID and 17 healthy donors. RESULTS: CD8 T cells are skewed in patients with CVID, with loss of naïve and increase of effector memory stages, expansion of cell clusters with high functional exhaustion scores, and a highly activated population of cells with immunoregulatory features, producing IL-10. These findings correlate to clinically widely used B cell-based EURO classification. Features of exhaustion, including loss of CD127 and CD28, and expression of TIGIT and PD-1 in CD8 T cells are strongly associated with interstitial lung disease and autoimmune cytopenias, whereas CD8 T cell activation with elevated HLA-DR and CD38 expression predict non-infectious diarrhea. CONCLUSION: We demonstrate features of advanced differentiation, exhaustion, activation, and immunoregulatory capabilities within CD8 T cells of CVID patients. Assessment of CD8 T cell phenotype may allow risk assessment of CVID patients and provide new insights into CVID pathogenesis, including a better understanding of mechanisms underlying T cell exhaustion and regulation.

• MeSH
• antigeny CD279 genetika   MeSH
• antigeny CD28 MeSH
• běžná variabilní imunodeficience * MeSH
• CD8-pozitivní T-lymfocyty MeSH
• HLA-DR antigeny MeSH
• interleukin-10 MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

Regulatory T cells (Tregs) play a key role in the peripheral self-tolerance and preventing autoimmunity. While classical CD4+ Foxp3+ Tregs are well established, their CD8+ counterparts are still controversial in many aspects including their phenotypic identity and their mechanisms of suppression. Because of these controversies and because of only a limited number of studies documenting the immunoregulatory function of CD8+ Tregs in vivo, the concept of CD8+ Tregs is still not unanimously accepted. We propose that any T-cell subset considered as true regulatory must be distinguishable from other cell types and must suppress in vivo immune responses via a known mechanism. In this article, we revisit the concept of CD8+ Tregs by focusing on the characterization of individual CD8+ T-cell subsets with proposed regulatory capacity separately. Therefore, we review the phenotype and function of CD8+ FOXP3+ T cells, CD8+ CD122+ T cells, CD8+ CD28low/- T cells, CD8+ CD45RClow T cells, T cells expressing CD8αα homodimer and Qa-1-restricted CD8+ T cells to show whether there is sufficient evidence to establish these subsets as bona fide Tregs. Based on the intrinsic ability of CD8+ Treg subsets to promote immune tolerance in animal models, we elaborate on their potential use in clinics.

• MeSH
• antigeny CD28 imunologie   MeSH
• CD8-pozitivní T-lymfocyty imunologie   MeSH
• fenotyp MeSH
• imunologická tolerance imunologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• regulační T-lymfocyty imunologie   MeSH
• T-lymfocyty - podskupiny imunologie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• přehledy MeSH

The RLTPR cytosolic protein, also known as CARMIL2, is essential for CD28 co-stimulation in mice, but its importance in human T cells and mode of action remain elusive. Here, using affinity purification followed by mass spectrometry analysis, we showed that RLTPR acts as a scaffold, bridging CD28 to the CARD11/CARMA1 cytosolic adaptor and to the NF-κB signaling pathway, and identified proteins not found before within the CD28 signaling pathway. We further demonstrated that RLTPR is essential for CD28 co-stimulation in human T cells and that its noncanonical pleckstrin-homology domain, leucine-rich repeat domain, and proline-rich region were mandatory for that task. Although RLTPR is thought to function as an actin-uncapping protein, this property was dispensable for CD28 co-stimulation in both mouse and human. Our findings suggest that the scaffolding role of RLTPR predominates during CD28 co-stimulation and underpins the similar function of RLTPR in human and mouse T cells. Along that line, the lack of functional RLTPR molecules impeded the differentiation toward Th1 and Th17 fates of both human and mouse CD4(+) T cells. RLTPR was also expressed in both human and mouse B cells. In the mouse, RLTPR did not play, however, any detectable role in BCR-mediated signaling and T cell-independent B cell responses.

• MeSH
• aminokyselinové motivy MeSH
• antigeny CD28 metabolismus   MeSH
• biologické modely MeSH
• buňky NK metabolismus   MeSH
• dendritické buňky metabolismus   MeSH
• endocytóza MeSH
• genový targeting MeSH
• HEK293 buňky MeSH
• Jurkat buňky MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• lymfocyty metabolismus   MeSH
• mapování interakce mezi proteiny MeSH
• mikrofilamentové proteiny chemie   metabolismus   MeSH
• multimerizace proteinu MeSH
• mutace genetika   MeSH
• myeloidní buňky metabolismus   MeSH
• myši MeSH
• proteinové domény MeSH
• proteomika MeSH
• regulační T-lymfocyty metabolismus   MeSH
• signální transdukce MeSH
• T-lymfocyty metabolismus   MeSH
• thymocyty metabolismus   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• myši MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

HIV infekce u lidí a SIV infekce u makaků Rhesus (RM) se vyznačuje zvýšenou apoptózou a aktivací vyvolanou buněčnou smrtí (AICD) CD4 lymfocytů. Avšak některé druhy primátů, jako například afričtí mangabejové (SM), jsou přirozeně infikováni SIV a nerozvine se u nich symptomatické onemocnění. Tato studie ukazuje, že lymfocyty RM infikovaných SIV vykazují sníženou vnitrobuněčnou expresi GSK3beta a současně zvýšenou expresi a fosforylaci (Thr308) kinázy Akt spojenou se stimulací receptorů CD3 a CD28. Tyto rozdíly jsou specificky měřitelné pouze v některých definovaných subpopulacích CD4 lymfocytů. Je to jeden z mála příkladů monofosforylace Akt a tato signalizace může představovat jeden z mechanismů vedoucích k rozdílům v AICD a případně i rezistenci k infekci SIV.

Increased CD4+ T cell apoptosis and activation induced cell death (AICD) as a result of HIV infection in humans and SIV infection in Rhesus macaques (RM) is indicative of disease. Some non-human primate species naturally infected by SIV, such as African sooty mangabeys (SM), do not succumb to SIV despite high viral loads. Previously, we showed that mRNA levels of GSK-3β a kinase involved in T cell signaling, are significantly decreased in SIV+ RM compared to SIV+ SM. The current study confirms that expression of GSK-3β is decreased at the protein level in SIV+ RM. In addition, CD4+ T cells from SIV+ RM, but not other animals show an increase in both total Akt, a kinase directly interacting with GSK-3β and p-AktThr308 in response to stimulation via CD3/CD28, which is associated with an increase in apoptosis. Furthermore, the differences between the uninfected and pathogenically or non-pathogenically infected animals are not only species specific, but also T cell subset specific and that these trends correlate with AICD. This is one of few studies indicating the activity of Akt can be specific to only one phosphorylation site and may be linked to the differences in AICD and resistance to the lentivirus induced disease.

• MeSH
• AIDS opičí * imunologie   MeSH
• antigeny CD28 MeSH
• antigeny CD3 MeSH
• apoptóza MeSH
• CD4-pozitivní T-lymfocyty * MeSH
• Cercocebus atys MeSH
• fosforylace * MeSH
• imunoblotting MeSH
• kinasa 3 glykogensynthasy MeSH
• kultivované buňky MeSH
• Macaca mulatta MeSH
• nemoci opic MeSH
• protein-serin-threoninkinasy MeSH
• průtoková cytometrie MeSH
• signální transdukce MeSH
• virus opičí imunodeficience patogenita   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

INTRODUCTION: The aim of the study was to analyse genetic architecture of RA by utilizing multiparametric statistical methods such as linear discriminant analysis (LDA) and redundancy analysis (RDA). METHODS: A total of 1393 volunteers, 499 patients with RA and 894 healthy controls were included in the study. The presence of shared epitope (SE) in HLA-DRB1 and 11 SNPs (PTPN22 C/T (rs2476601), STAT4 G/T (rs7574865), CTLA4 A/G (rs3087243), TRAF1/C5 A/G (rs3761847), IRF5 T/C (rs10488631), TNFAIP3 C/T (rs5029937), AFF3 A/T (rs11676922), PADI4 C/T (rs2240340), CD28 T/C (rs1980422), CSK G/A (rs34933034) and FCGR3A A/C (rs396991), rheumatoid factor (RF), anti-citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPA) and clinical status was analysed using the LDA and RDA. RESULTS: HLA-DRB1, PTPN22, STAT4, IRF5 and PADI4 significantly discriminated between RA patients and healthy controls in LDA. The correlation between RA diagnosis and the explanatory variables in the model was 0.328 (Trace = 0.107; F = 13.715; P = 0.0002). The risk variants of IRF5 and CD28 genes were found to be common determinants for seropositivity in RDA, while positivity of RF alone was associated with the CTLA4 risk variant in heterozygous form. The correlation between serologic status and genetic determinants on the 1st ordinal axis was 0.468, and 0.145 on the 2nd one (Trace = 0.179; F = 6.135; P = 0.001). The risk alleles in AFF3 gene together with the presence of ACPA were associated with higher clinical severity of RA. CONCLUSIONS: The association among multiple risk variants related to T cell receptor signalling with seropositivity may play an important role in distinct clinical phenotypes of RA. Our study demonstrates that multiparametric analyses represent a powerful tool for investigation of mutual relationships of potential risk factors in complex diseases such as RA.

• MeSH
• alely MeSH
• antigeny CD28 genetika   MeSH
• autoprotilátky genetika   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• genetická predispozice k nemoci genetika   MeSH
• genotyp MeSH
• interferonové regulační faktory genetika   MeSH
• jednonukleotidový polymorfismus genetika   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• revmatoidní artritida genetika   MeSH
• revmatoidní faktor genetika   MeSH
• rizikové faktory MeSH
• studie případů a kontrol MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

T cells will be obtained from the blood of patients with B-NHL and will be stimulated with anti-CD3/CD28 antibodies and transduced with CD20 CAR lentivirus. We will work out procedures for large-scale T cell cultivation under GMP quality settings and we will prepare Standard Operating Procedures for manipulation with genetically modified cells. After expansion in vitro we will test the T cells to eliminate autologous tumor cells in vitro and also in vivo using the immunodeficient mice transplanted with autologous patient-derived malignant B cells. We will characterize transduced T cells and we will carry out safety tests in vitro and in vivo according the requirements of SUKL. In the second part of the proposed project, we will perform detailed phenotypic analysis of B-NHL cells with a goal to select additional suitable surface antigens which could be targeted by CAR. We will prepare novel CAR's to these antigens and we will test them in vitro and in vivo using immunodeficient mice.

T lymfocyty budou získány od pacientů s diagnózou B-NHL odběrem krve, stimulovány in vitro pomocí anti-CD3 a anti-CD28 protilátek a transdukovány lentivirem exprimujícím CD20 CAR. Vypracujeme postupy pro velkoobjemovou kultivaci T lymfocytů za podmínek Správné výrobní praxe a vypracujeme Standartní operační postupy pro manipulaci s geneticky modifikovanými buňkymi. Po expanzi in vitro bude testována schopnost transdukovaných T lymfocytů zabít autologní nádorové buňky in vitro nebo in vivo v imunodeficitních myších, které přihojily autologní maligní buňky B-NHL získané od pacientů. Provedeme charakterizaci transdukovaných T lymfocytů a nezbytné testy bezpečnosti in vitro a in vivo dle požadavků SÚKL. Dále, provedeme analýzu buněk B-NHL s cílem vytipovat další vhodné povrchové antigeny, které by mohly být cíleny pomocí CAR. Proti těmto antigenům připravíme nové CAR a otestujeme je in vitro a in vivo v imunodeficitních myších.

• MeSH
• antigeny CD20 MeSH
• antigeny CD28 MeSH
• antigeny CD3 MeSH
• B-buněčný lymfom terapie   MeSH
• genetická terapie MeSH
• imunoterapie adoptivní MeSH
• kultivované buňky MeSH
• Lentivirus MeSH
• nehodgkinský lymfom terapie   MeSH
• T-lymfocyty MeSH

• Konspekt
• Patologie. Klinická medicína
• NLK Obory
• onkologie
• hematologie a transfuzní lékařství
• NLK Publikační typ
• závěrečné zprávy o řešení grantu IGA MZ ČR

• MeSH
• antigeny CD28 * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• monoklonální protilátky MeSH
• T-lymfocyty MeSH
• výzkum MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH

• Klíčová slova
• Coleyovy toxiny, chimérický antigenní receptor,
• MeSH
• antigen CTLA-4 antagonisté a inhibitory   aplikace a dávkování   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• antigeny CD19 MeSH
• antigeny CD20 MeSH
• antigeny CD279 antagonisté a inhibitory   aplikace a dávkování   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• antigeny CD28 MeSH
• antigeny CD80 antagonisté a inhibitory   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• autoimunitní nemoci komplikace   prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• cytotoxické T-lymfocyty imunologie   MeSH
• dendritické buňky imunologie   MeSH
• hematologické nádory diagnóza   terapie   MeSH
• imunitní systém - jevy účinky léků   MeSH
• imunologické techniky MeSH
• imunoterapie adoptivní * dějiny   metody   využití   MeSH
• imunoterapie * dějiny   metody   využití   MeSH
• indukce remise MeSH
• lékařská onkologie * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• melanom imunologie   terapie   MeSH
• monoklonální protilátky farmakologie   škodlivé účinky   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• nádory prostaty diagnóza   imunologie   terapie   MeSH
• nádory * dějiny   imunologie   terapie   MeSH
• protinádorové vakcíny * dějiny   imunologie   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• techniky in vitro využití   MeSH
• tumor infiltrující lymfocyty imunologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH