Cíl: Staphylococcus aureus (SA), který je hlavní příčinou infekční endokarditidy (IE), vykazuje v posledních letech zvýšenou prevalenci. Současná data týkající se dlouhodobého prospěchu operace srdce u pacientů s IE způsobenou SA a IE nezpůsobenou SA jsou vzácná. Metodika: Cílem této studie bylo porovnat krátkodobé a dlouhodobé riziko úmrtí u chirurgických a nechirurgických pacientů s IE způsobenou SA a s IE nezpůsobenou SA. Provedli jsme retrospektivní přehled po sobě jdoucích dospělých pacientů s levostrannou IE, kteří byli v období 15 let přijati do Fakultní nemocnice Univerzity Karlovy v Hradci Králové (mezi lety 1998 a 2006) a do Institutu klinické a experimentální medicíny v Praze (mezi lety 2009 a 2016). Výsledky: Ve skupině 196 pacientů (155 mužů; medián věku 64 let) bylo identifikováno celkem 206 epizod levostranné IE. Septický šok (OR 10,1), indikace k hemodialýze (OR 7,8) a mozková příhoda (OR 8,0) byly spojeny s vyšší nemocniční úmrtností, zatímco operace srdce v době epizody IE způsobené S. aureus byla spojena s nižší nemocniční úmrtností (OR 0,022). Chirurgicky léčení pacienti s infekcí SA dokonce měli 4,25× nižší riziko šestiměsíční mortality než chirurgicky léčení pacienti bez infekce SA. Konzervativní léčba v době epizody IE byla škodlivým faktorem, který významně ovlivňoval dlouhodobé výsledky (OR 2,028). Závěry: Příznivý vliv operace srdce byl prokázán ve všech částech studie: nemocniční úmrtnost, šestiměsíční mortalita a dlouhodobé přežití. Individuální stratifikace rizika směrem ke konzervativní či chirurgické léčbě je nezbytná u všech epizod IE, zejména u pacientů s infekcí SA.
Purpose: Staphylococcus aureus (SA), which is the leading cause of infective endocarditis (IE), has increased in prevalence over recent years. Contemporary data on the long-term benefits of cardiac surgery among patients with SA and non-SA IE are sparse. Methods: The aim of the present study was to compare short-term and long-term mortality risk among surgical and non-surgical patients with SA and non-SA IE. We carried out a retrospective survey of consecutive left-sided IE adult patients, admitted over a 15-year period to the University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Czech Republic (between 1998 and 2006), and to the Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic (between 2009 and 2016). Results: In a group of 196 patients (155 males; median age 64 years), a total of 206 left-sided IE episodes were identified. Septic shock (OR 10.1), indication for haemodialysis (OR 7.8), and stroke (OR 8.0) were associated with a higher in-hospital mortality, while cardiac surgery at the time of S. aureus IE episode was associated with a lower in-hospital mortality (OR 0.022). Surgically treated patients with SA had a 4.25-fold lower risk of 6-month mortality than surgically treated patients without SA infection. Conservative treatment at the time of the IE episode was a detrimental factor that significantly affected long-term outcomes (OR 2.028). Conclusions: A favourable impact of cardiac surgery was shown across all segments of the study: in-hospital mortality, 6-month mortality, and long-term survival. Individual risk stratification towards conservative or surgical treatment is fundamental for all IE episodes, particularly in patients with SA infection.
- MeSH
- analýza přežití MeSH
- bakteriální endokarditida * chirurgie etiologie komplikace mikrobiologie MeSH
- demografie MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- mortalita v nemocnicích MeSH
- mortalita MeSH
- multivariační analýza MeSH
- retrospektivní studie MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- stafylokokové infekce * chirurgie MeSH
- Staphylococcus aureus patogenita MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let MeSH
- senioři MeSH
PURPOSE: Early identification of specific patient subgroups at high risk of developing life–threatening infective endocarditis (IE) complications is of paramount importance. Better stratifi cation may allow more intensive treat-ment of these patients and positively infl uences clinical outcomes.METHODS: We carried out a retrospective survey of consecutive left–sided IE adult patients, admitted over a 15–year period to two main tertiary care centres in the Czech Republic. RESULTS: Among a group of 196 patients (155 males; median age 64 years), a total of 206 left–sided IE episodes were identified. Perivalvular extension of infection was most frequently seen in prosthetic aortic valve endocarditis (OR 6.706, p < 0.0001). Valve prolapse/perforation during IE episodes was signifi cantly associated with mitral valve IE (OR 2.136, p = 0.026) and vegetation length (OR 1.055, p = 0.009). Septic shock was sig-nifi cantly related to two main risk factors: S. aureus infection (OR 8.459, p = < 0.0001) and smoking (OR 8.403, p = 0.001). Mitral valve IE with a vegetation length ≥13 mm was the strongest risk factor for this complication (OR 3.24, p = 0.001), followed by S. aureus infection (OR 3.59, p = 0.002). Finally, septic shock (OR 6.000, p = 0.001) represented the most important risk factor of in–hospital mortality. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides the most detailed profile of complication predictors related to left–sided IE in Central Europe. Early individual stratification of IE related occurrence of complications might help to decrease extremely high morbidity and mortality of this disease (Tab. 5, Ref. 37).
- MeSH
- bakteriální endokarditida * epidemiologie mikrobiologie mortalita MeSH
- chirurgická náhrada chlopně metody MeSH
- kouření škodlivé účinky MeSH
- pooperační komplikace epidemiologie etiologie mortalita MeSH
- retrospektivní studie MeSH
- rizikové faktory MeSH
- Staphylococcus aureus izolace a purifikace patogenita MeSH
An important complication of the prolonged left ventricle assist device support in patients with heart failure is unloading-induced cardiac atrophy which proved resistant to various treatments. Heterotopic heart transplantation (HTx) is the usual experimental model to study this process. We showed previously that implantation of the newly designed intraventricular spring expander can attenuate the atrophy when examined after HTx in the failing heart (derived from animals with established heart failure). The present study aimed to examine if enhanced isovolumic loading achieved by implantation of the expander would attenuate cardiac post-HTx atrophy also in the healthy heart. Cardiac atrophy was assessed as the ratio of the transplanted-to-native heart weight (HW) and its degree was determined on days 7, 14, 21 and 28 after HTx. The transplantation resulted in 32±3, 46±2, 48±3 and 46±3 % HW loss when measured at the four time points; implantation of the expander had no significant effect on these decreases. We conclude that enhanced isovolumic loading achieved by intraventricular implantation of the expander does not attenuate the development of cardiac atrophy after HTx in the healthy heart. This indicates that such an approach does not represent a useful therapeutic measure to attenuate the development of unloading-induced cardiac atrophy.
- MeSH
- atrofie chirurgie patologie MeSH
- heterotopická transplantace metody přístrojové vybavení MeSH
- krysa rodu rattus MeSH
- myokard patologie MeSH
- podpůrné srdeční systémy * MeSH
- potkani inbrední LEW MeSH
- srdce diagnostické zobrazování MeSH
- transplantace srdce metody přístrojové vybavení MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- krysa rodu rattus MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
The present paper is an extension to our earlier publication (Šochman et al. 2016) documenting a beneficial effect of renal sympathetic denervation on pharmacologically uncontrollable hypertension in a group of seven patients followed up for 1-2 years post-procedure. The same patients remained on ambulatory follow-up for another 5-6 years, with the beneficial effect persisting throughout the follow-up period while on the same medication.
- MeSH
- antihypertenziva terapeutické užití MeSH
- hypertenze diagnóza farmakoterapie chirurgie MeSH
- krevní tlak fyziologie MeSH
- ledviny inervace fyziologie chirurgie MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- následné studie MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- sympatektomie trendy MeSH
- výsledek terapie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
The present experiments were performed to evaluate if increased heart tissue concentration of fatty acids, specifically myristic, palmitic and palmitoleic acids that are believed to promote physiological heart growth, can attenuate the progression of unloading-induced cardiac atrophy in rats with healthy and failing hearts. Heterotopic abdominal heart transplantation (HT(x)) was used as a model for heart unloading. Cardiac atrophy was assessed from the ratio of the native- to-transplanted heart weight (HW). The degree of cardiac atrophy after HT(x) was determined on days 7, 14, 21 and 28 after HT(x) in recipients of either healthy or failing hearts. HT(x) of healthy hearts resulted in 23+/-3, 46+/-3, 48+/-4 and 46+/-4 % HW loss at the four time-points. HT(x) of the failing heart resulted in even greater HW losses, of 46+/-4, 58+/-3, 66+/-2 and 68+/-4 %, respectively (P<0.05). Activation of "fetal gene cardiac program" (e.g. beta myosin heavy chain gene expression) and "genes reflecting cardiac remodeling" (e.g. atrial natriuretic peptide gene expression) after HT(x) was greater in failing than in healthy hearts (P<0.05 each time). Exposure to isocaloric high sugar diet caused significant increases in fatty acid concentrations in healthy and in failing hearts. However, these increases were not associated with any change in the course of cardiac atrophy, similarly in healthy and post-HT(x) failing hearts. We conclude that increasing heart tissue concentrations of the fatty acids allegedly involved in heart growth does not attenuate the unloading-induced cardiac atrophy.
- MeSH
- heterotopická transplantace metody MeSH
- kardiomyocyty metabolismus MeSH
- krysa rodu rattus MeSH
- kyselina myristová metabolismus MeSH
- kyselina palmitová metabolismus MeSH
- kyseliny mastné mononenasycené metabolismus MeSH
- myokard metabolismus patologie MeSH
- potkani inbrední LEW MeSH
- srdeční selhání metabolismus chirurgie MeSH
- transplantace srdce metody MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- krysa rodu rattus MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Cardiac atrophy is the most common complication of prolonged application of the left ventricle (LV) assist device (LVAD) in patients with advanced heart failure (HF). Our aim was to evaluate the course of unloading-induced cardiac atrophy in rats with failing hearts, and to examine if increased isovolumic loading obtained by intraventricular implantation of an especially designed spring expander would attenuate this process. Heterotopic abdominal heart transplantation (HTx) was used as a rat model of heart unloading. HF was induced by volume overload achieved by creation of the aorto-caval fistula (ACF). The degree of cardiac atrophy was assessed as the weight ratio of the heterotopically transplanted heart (HW) to the control heart. Isovolumic loading was increased by intraventricular implantation of a stainless steel three-branch spring expander. The course of cardiac atrophy was evaluated on days 7, 14, 21, and 28 after HTx Seven days unloading by HTx in failing hearts sufficed to substantially decrease the HW (-59 ± 3%), the decrease progressed when measured on days 14, 21, and 28 after HTx Implantation of the spring expander significantly reduced the decreases in whole HW at all the time points (-39 ± 3 compared with -59 ± 3, -52 ± 2 compared with -69 ± 3, -51 ± 2 compared with -71 ± 2, and -44 ± 2 compared with -71 ± 3%, respectively; P<0.05 in each case). We conclude that the enhanced isovolumic heart loading obtained by implantation of the spring expander attenuates the development of unloading-induced cardiac atrophy in the failing rat heart.
- MeSH
- aorta chirurgie MeSH
- atriální natriuretický faktor genetika metabolismus MeSH
- atrofie metabolismus patofyziologie prevence a kontrola chirurgie MeSH
- biologické markery metabolismus MeSH
- design vybavení MeSH
- experimentální implantáty MeSH
- exprese genu MeSH
- fibroblastový růstový faktor 2 genetika metabolismus MeSH
- heterotopická transplantace MeSH
- krysa rodu rattus MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- modely nemocí na zvířatech MeSH
- píštěle MeSH
- potkani inbrední LEW MeSH
- přenašeč glukosy typ 1 genetika metabolismus MeSH
- sarkoplazmatická Ca2+-ATPáza genetika metabolismus MeSH
- srdce patofyziologie MeSH
- srdeční komory patofyziologie chirurgie MeSH
- srdeční selhání metabolismus patofyziologie chirurgie terapie MeSH
- tkáňové expandéry * MeSH
- transplantace srdce * MeSH
- vena cava superior chirurgie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- krysa rodu rattus MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
The aim of our observation was to establish whether or not renal sympathetic denervation (RSD) may help control blood pressure (BP) levels in patients with severe hypertension refractory to pharmacological therapy. Out of a group of 12 patients, candidates for RSD, with uncontrolled hypertension and a systolic BP over 190 mm Hg on repeated measurements despite optimal medication, four patients were excluded for multiple renal arteries and one for hyperaldosteronism. Seven patients had RSD using a Symplicity device (5M, 2 F) with a mean age of 64.9 years. While all were followed up for a minimum of 6 months, follow-up duration in the majority of them was substantially longer (12-20 months). At six months post-RSD, six of the seven patients showed a decrease in systolic BP by at least 15 mm Hg while receiving the same or fewer doses of antihypertensive agents. A similar response was seen in diastolic BP. The BP decrease was maintained throughout whole follow-up. In a small group of patients with severe hypertension, we demonstrated that renal sympathetic denervation is capable of reducing blood pressure even in patients with severe hypertension.
- MeSH
- antihypertenziva škodlivé účinky terapeutické užití MeSH
- délka pobytu MeSH
- krevní tlak MeSH
- ledviny inervace chirurgie MeSH
- léková rezistence MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- následné studie MeSH
- renální hypertenze farmakoterapie chirurgie MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- sympatektomie * MeSH
- vyšetření funkce ledvin MeSH
- výsledek terapie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- pozorovací studie MeSH
Cíl: Cílem studie bylo zjistit, zda metoda renální sympatické denervace (RSD) může přispět ke kontrole hypertenze u nemocných s významnou hypertenzí nereagující dostatečně na farmakologickou léčbu. Metodika: Ze skupiny 12 pacientů, s nekontrolovatelnou hypertenzí (opakovaně naměřený systolický tlak nad 190-200 mm Hg při optimální medikaci) byli čtyři pacienti vyřazeni pro přítomnost vícečetných ledvinných tepen a jeden pro hyperaldosteronismus. Sedm nemocných (pět mužů, dvě ženy průměrný věk 64,9 let) podstoupilo RSD pomocí Symplicity katétru. Minimální doba sledování byla 6 měsíců, většina nemocných je ale sledována déle (12-20 měsíců). Výsledky: Šest měsíců po RSD jsme u šesti ze sedmi denervovaných pacientů prokázali pokles systolického TK o nejméně 20 mm Hg při stejné nebo redukované antihypertenzní medikaci. Obdobně reagoval i diastolický tlak. Pokles tlaku přetrvával po celou dobu sledování. Závěr: U malé skupiny nemocných s těžkou hypertenzí jsme prokázali, že RDS může pomoci podstatně snížit jejich krevní tlak.
Aim: The aim of our study was to establish whether or not renal sympathetic denervation (RSD) may help control blood pressure (BP) levels in patients with severe hypertension refractory to pharmacological therapy. Method: Out of a group of 12 patients, candidates for RSD, with uncontrolled hypertension (systolic BP over 190-200 mm Hg on repeated measurements despite optimal medication) four patients were excluded for multiple renal arteries and one for hyperaldosteronism. Seven patients had RSD using a Symplicity device (5M, 2 F) with a mean age of 64.9 years. While all were followed up for a minimum of 6 months, follow-up duration in the majority of them was substantially longer (12-20 months). Results: At six months post-RSD, six of the seven patients showed a decrease in systolic BP by at least 20 mm Hg while receiving the same or fewer doses of antihypertensive agents. A similar response was seen in diastolic BP. The BP decrease was maintained throughout whole follow-up. Conclusion: In a small group of patients we demonstrated that renal sympathetic denervation is capable of reducing blood pressure even in patients with severe hypertension.
- MeSH
- arteria renalis inervace MeSH
- denervace * MeSH
- hypertenze * chirurgie MeSH
- katetrizační ablace * metody statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- sympatektomie metody statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- výsledek terapie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- hodnotící studie MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
AIM: To compare clinical complications and outcomes of infective endocarditis (IE) episodes caused by Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and other most frequent aetiological agents (streptococci, enterococci, coagulase-negative staphylococci, and culture-negative IE). METHODS: A total of 117 IE episodes assessed by all internal medicine services of a major teaching institution in the Czech Republic over an eight-year period were identified. RESULTS: We found that S. aureus IE episodes (n = 36) were significantly more associated with systemic embolism (41.7% vs 18.5%, P = 0.01), severe sepsis/septic shock (33.3% vs 3.7%, P < 0.0001), and in-hospital mortality (33% vs 12.3%, P = 0.01). No differences in local, structural, and/or functional complications (cardiac abscess formation, impaired integrity of the valvular apparatus, conduction disturbances, or incidence of heart failure) were observed between studied groups. Long-term survival estimates were significantly improved in patients with IE caused by agents other than S. aureus (13.78 median years vs 5.48 median years, P=0.03). CONCLUSIONS: IE episodes caused by S. aureus are associated with both increased short-term and long-term mortality. Of all the studied parameters, only systemic embolism and severe sepsis/septic shock predicted in-hospital mortality.
- MeSH
- bakteriální endokarditida mortalita MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- embolie mikrobiologie mortalita MeSH
- Enterococcus MeSH
- grampozitivní bakteriální infekce mortalita MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- mortalita v nemocnicích MeSH
- nemoci srdečních chlopní mikrobiologie mortalita MeSH
- retrospektivní studie MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- septický šok mikrobiologie mortalita MeSH
- srdeční selhání mikrobiologie mortalita MeSH
- stafylokokové infekce mortalita MeSH
- streptokokové infekce mortalita MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- srovnávací studie MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika epidemiologie MeSH
AIMS: To evaluate the incidence of bone marrow suppression and consequences of MMF dose adjustment in patients within the first year after heart transplantation. METHODS: Group I (n=47) was treated with a regimen currently used in patients after heart transplantation (mycophenolatemofetil - MMF, valganciclovir - VGC and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole - TMP-SMX). Group II (n=47) received only MMF of potentially myelotoxic medications. The myelotoxic effect and need for dose modification were assessed. The incidence of rejections and infectious episodes associated with MMF adjustment were analyzed during the first 12 months in Group I. RESULTS: There was a significantly greater proportion of patients with leukopenia (leukocyte count < 4 x 10^9/L) at 3 months after orthotopic heart transplantation in Group I compared with Group II (19.1% vs 2.1%; P = 0.02). The difference in lymphopenia (lymphocyte count < 0.8 x 10^9/L) at 3 months follow-up was highly significant (38.3 % vs 6.4 %; P = 0.0002). MMF was modified due to bone marrow suppression or severe infection in 63.8% patients in Group I and in only 8.5% of patients in Group II (P < 0.001). Reducing or stopping MMF was not associated with increased rejections. In Group I, at least 1 episode of higher degree cellular or humoral rejection occurred in 35% of patients with the standard MMF dosage compared with only 26% in patients with modified MMF (P = 0.0534). CONCLUSIONS: Addition of VGC+TMP-SMX to current immunosuppressive medication regimen in patients after heart transplantation is associated with significant lymphocytopenia and leukopenia. Importantly, modification of immunosuppressive prophylaxis (reducing or stopping MMF) leads to normalization of blood count without increased incidence of rejections.
- MeSH
- imunosupresiva terapeutické užití MeSH
- kostní dřeň účinky léků patologie MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- následné studie MeSH
- pooperační péče metody MeSH
- rejekce štěpu farmakoterapie patologie MeSH
- retrospektivní studie MeSH
- srdeční selhání chirurgie MeSH
- transplantace srdce škodlivé účinky MeSH
- výsledek terapie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH