Introduction: Olive (Olea uropeae) is a traditional plant containing oleuropein and hydroxytyrosol, which are useful and used empirically for treating diabetes mellitus.Objective: To review the potential of oleuropein and hydroxytyrosol as an evidence base for diabetes potential treatment and safety.Methods: This chapter summarizes several studies available on Pubmed and Google Scholar regarding the characteristic method and extraction method as well as the effectiveness and toxicity of oleuropein and hydroxytyrosol in vitro and in vivo.Result: Oleuropein and hydroxytyrosol are effective antihyperglycemics for treating T2D. They can reduce body weight, basal glycemia, and insulin resistance by stopping the liver from making glucose and stopping the body from absorbing glucose. Several studies have shown that both isolates can control glycemic levels equivalent to free fatty acids and are safe to use.Conclusion: Oleuropein and hydroxytyrosol are extracted by several methods and can be used as potential anti-diabetics with obesity risk factors. Evidence shows that both isolates are safe for both acute and chronic use.
- Klíčová slova
- oleuropein, hydroxytyrosol,
- MeSH
- diabetes mellitus 2. typu farmakoterapie metabolismus MeSH
- hypoglykemika * farmakologie terapeutické užití MeSH
- inzulinová rezistence MeSH
- iridoidy farmakologie terapeutické užití MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- Olea * fyziologie MeSH
- rostlinné extrakty * farmakologie terapeutické užití MeSH
- testy toxicity metody MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
The mangrove ecosystem is the world's fourth most productive ecosystem in terms of service value and offering rich biological resources. Microorganisms play vital roles in these ecological processes, thus researching the mangroves-microbiota is crucial for a deeper comprehension of mangroves dynamics. Amplicon sequencing that targeted V4 region of 16S rRNA gene was employed to profile the microbial diversities and community compositions of 19 soil samples, which were collected from the rhizosphere of 3 plant species (i.e., Avicennia marina, Ceriops tagal, and Rhizophora mucronata) in the mangrove forests of Lasbela coast, Pakistan. A total of 67 bacterial phyla were observed from three mangroves species, and these taxa were classified into 188 classes, 453 orders, 759 families, and 1327 genera. We found that Proteobacteria (34.9-38.4%) and Desulfobacteria (7.6-10.0%) were the dominant phyla followed by Chloroflexi (6.6-7.3%), Gemmatimonadota (5.4-6.8%), Bacteroidota (4.3-5.5%), Planctomycetota (4.4-4.9%) and Acidobacteriota (2.7-3.4%), Actinobacteriota (2.5-3.3%), and Crenarchaeota (2.5-3.3%). After considering the distribution of taxonomic groups, we prescribe that the distinctions in bacterial community composition and diversity are ascribed to the changes in physicochemical attributes of the soil samples (i.e., electrical conductivity (ECe), pH, total organic matter (OM), total organic carbon (OC), available phosphorus (P), and extractable potassium (CaCO3). The findings of this study indicated a high-level species diversity in Pakistani mangroves. The outcomes may also aid in the development of effective conservation policies for mangrove ecosystems, which have been hotspots for anthropogenic impacts in Pakistan. To our knowledge, this is the first microbial research from a Pakistani mangrove forest.
- MeSH
- Avicennia mikrobiologie MeSH
- Bacteria * klasifikace genetika izolace a purifikace MeSH
- biodiverzita * MeSH
- DNA bakterií genetika MeSH
- fylogeneze * MeSH
- mikrobiota * MeSH
- mokřady * MeSH
- půdní mikrobiologie * MeSH
- Rhizophoraceae mikrobiologie MeSH
- rhizosféra MeSH
- RNA ribozomální 16S * genetika MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Pákistán MeSH
Aloisie (Aloysia Paláu) jsou aromatické keře či polokeře zčeledi sporýšovitých (Verbenaceae), pocházející z Jižní, Střední a Severní Ameriky a sekundárně rozšířené v mnoha oblastech světa. K nejznámějším a nejvyužívanějším druhům patří aloisie citronová, též trojlistá (Aloysia citrodora Paláu). Aloisie se hojně využívají v tradiční medicíně k léčbě zažívacích potíží, průjmu, zvracení, revmatismu, astmatu, bronchitidy, kardiovaskulárních onemocnění, epilepsie, infekcí, kožních onemocnění, chřipky, horečky, malárie, ale také k léčbě psychických poruch, jako jsou úzkost, deprese nebo nespavost.
loisies (Aloysia Paláu) are aromatic shrubs or semi-shrubs of the Verbenaceae family, native to South, Central and North America and widely distributed in many parts of the world. Well-known is especially lemon verbena (Aloysia citrodora Paláu). Aloisies are widely used in traditional medicine to treat indigestion, diarrhea, vomiting, rheumatism, asthma, bronchitis, cardiovascular diseases, epilepsy, infections, skin diseases, flu, fever, malaria, but also to treat mental disorders, such as anxiety, depression or insomnia.
- Klíčová slova
- aloisie citronová, verbaskosid,
- MeSH
- fytoterapie metody MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nervový systém účinky léků MeSH
- randomizované kontrolované studie jako téma MeSH
- tradiční lékařství * MeSH
- Verbenaceae * chemie klasifikace MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
The presented study proposes an efficient utilization of a common Thymus serpyllum L. (wild thyme) plant as a highly potent biosorbent of Cu(II) and Pb(II) ions and the efficient interaction of the copper-laden plant with two opportunistic bacteria. Apart from biochars that are commonly used for adsorption, here we report the direct use of native plant, which is potentially interesting also for soil remediation. The highest adsorption capacity for Cu(II) and Pb(II) ions (qe = 12.66 and 53.13 mg g-1, respectively) was achieved after 10 and 30 min of adsorption, respectively. Moreover, the Cu-laden plant was shown to be an efficient antibacterial agent against the bacteria Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, the results being slightly better in the former case. Such an activity is enabled only via the interaction of the adsorbed ions effectively distributed within the biological matrix of the plant with bacterial cells. Thus, the sustainable resource can be used both for the treatment of wastewater and, after an effective embedment of metal ions, for the fight against microbes.
- MeSH
- adsorpce MeSH
- antibakteriální látky * farmakologie chemie izolace a purifikace metabolismus MeSH
- Escherichia coli * účinky léků MeSH
- měď chemie farmakologie metabolismus MeSH
- mikrobiální testy citlivosti MeSH
- olovo chemie metabolismus MeSH
- Staphylococcus aureus * účinky léků MeSH
- těžké kovy chemie metabolismus farmakologie MeSH
- Thymus (rostlina) chemie MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Rozmarýn lékařský (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) je využíván již od starověku k léčebným, kultovním i magickým účelům. S přibývajícím stresem a chorobami je dnes stále více v oblibě pro mnoho způsobů použití jak ve farmacii, tak aromaterapii a také jako koření v kuchyni nebo konzervant. Tato rostlina má mnoho zajímavých obsahových látek (např. kyselina rozmarýnová a karnosová, karnosol), jež vykazují značné množství pozitivních farmakologických účinků
Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) has been used since ancient times for medicinal, cultic, and magic purposes. With the stress and diseases, it is increasingly popular today for many uses in both pharmacy and aromatherapy, as a spice in the kitchen and as a preservative. This plant has many interesting compounds (e.g. rosmarinic and carnosic acid, carnosol), which show a considerable amount of positive pharmacological effects.
- MeSH
- léčivé rostliny MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- rostlinné extrakty farmakologie terapeutické užití MeSH
- rozmarýn * chemie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Paulownia tomentosa Steud. (P. tomentosa) is a medium-sized tree traditionally used in Chinese folk medicine for the treatment of infectious diseases. It is a rich source of prenylated phenolic compounds that have been extensively studied for their promising biological activities. AIM OF THE STUDY: Due to the increasing development of antibiotic resistance, our study investigated plant-derived natural products from the fruits of P. tomentosa that could control Staphylococcus aureus infections with novel targets/modes of action and reduce antimicrobial resistance. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The ethanolic extract was fractionated and detected by liquid chromatography. The antistaphylococcal effects of the plant formulations were studied in detail in vitro by various biological methods, including microdilution methods for minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), the checkerboard titration technique for synergy assay, fluorescence measurements for membrane disruption experiments, autoinducer-2-mediated bioassay for quorum sensing inhibition, and counting of colony-forming units for relative adhesion. Morphology was examined by transmission electron microscopy. RESULTS: Total ethanolic extract and chloroform fraction showed MICs of 128 and 32 μg/mL, respectively. Diplacol, diplacone, and 3'-O-methyl-5'-hydroxydiplacone inhibited S. aureus growth in the range of 8-16 μg/mL. Synergistic potential was shown in combination with mupirocin and fusidic acid. The ethanolic extract and the chloroform fraction destroyed the cell membranes by 91.61% and 79.46%, respectively, while the pure compounds were less active. The ethanolic extract and the pure compounds reduced the number of adhered cells to 47.33-10.26% compared to the untreated control. All tested plant formulations, except diplacone, inhibited quorum sensing of S. aureus. Transmission electron microscopy showed deformation of S. aureus cells. CONCLUSIONS: The products from the fruit of P. tomentosa showed antimicrobial properties against S. aureus alone and in combination with antibiotics. By affecting intracellular targets, geranylated flavonoids proposed novel approaches in the control of staphylococcal infections.
- MeSH
- antibakteriální látky chemie MeSH
- antiinfekční látky * farmakologie MeSH
- chloroform MeSH
- ethanol farmakologie MeSH
- hluchavkotvaré * MeSH
- mikrobiální testy citlivosti MeSH
- ovoce chemie MeSH
- rostlinné extrakty chemie MeSH
- stafylokokové infekce * MeSH
- Staphylococcus aureus MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- MeSH
- farmaceutické pomocné látky MeSH
- levandule * chemie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- oleje prchavé škodlivé účinky terapeutické užití MeSH
- polyfenoly klasifikace MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- přehledy MeSH
Three basil plant varieties (Ocimum basilicum var. Genovese, Ocimum × citriodorum, and Ocimum basilicum var. purpurascens) were grown under moderate light (about 300 μmol photons m-2 s-1) in a glasshouse or growth chamber and then either transferred to an open field (average daily dose: 29.2 kJ m-2 d-1) or additionally exposed to UV-B irradiation in a growth chamber (29.16 kJ m-2 d-1), to reveal the variety-specific and light-specific acclimation responses. Total antioxidant capacity (TAC), phenolic profile, ascorbate content, and class III peroxidase (POD) activity were used to determine the antioxidant status of leaves under all four light regimes. Exposure to high solar irradiation at the open field resulted in an increase in TAC, total hydroxycinnamic acids (HCAs, especially caffeic acid), flavonoids, and epidermal UV-absorbing substances in all three varieties, as well as a two-fold increase in the leaf dry/fresh weight ratio. The supplemental UV-B irradiation induced preferential accumulation of HCAs (rosmarinic acid) over flavonoids, increased TAC and POD activity, but decreased the ascorbate content in the leaves, and inhibited the accumulation of epidermal flavonoids in all basil varieties. Furthermore, characteristic leaf curling and UV-B-induced inhibition of plant growth were observed in all basil varieties, while a pro-oxidant effect of UV-B was indicated with H2O2 accumulation in the leaves and spotty leaf browning. The extent of these morphological changes, and oxidative damage depended on the basil cultivar, implies a genotype-specific tolerance mechanism to high doses of UV-B irradiation.
- Klíčová slova
- podprahová úzkost, Lavekan,
- MeSH
- antidepresiva farmakologie terapeutické užití MeSH
- levandule * MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- rostlinné extrakty farmakologie terapeutické užití MeSH
- úzkost * farmakoterapie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
