Cryptococcosis is a potentially fatal fungal disease which has aggrandized with the emergence of AIDS and antifungal resistance. The currently used antifungals lack the broad-spectrum activity and result in several toxicities during long treatment regimens. Thus, the present study aims to evaluate the antifungal activity of cinnamaldehyde against Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii, the etiological agent of the disease. Quantitative and qualitative in vitro fungal susceptibilities were carried out by minimum inhibitory concentration assay, flow cytometric analysis, and confocal microscopy. Micromorphological alterations were studied through scanning electron and light microscopies. "In vivo" antifungal efficacy of cinnamaldehyde was assessed. Cinnamaldehyde showed antifungal activity against C. neoformans in a dose-dependent manner. A concentration of 1.37 mg/mL of cinnamaldehyde was found to be inhibitory and fungicidal while the low concentration (0.68 mg/mL) was found to induce micromorphological changes and formation of giant/titan-like cells in this pathogen. The reparative activity of cinnamaldehyde and its ability to prolong the life even after the advent of cryptococcal meningitis in mice was also noticed. This study suggests potent anti-cryptococcal activity of cinnamaldehyde. Though, it has a couple of limitations like allergy and low bioavailability. However, these problems can be circumvented by developing suitable analogs of the compound. It, therefore, could be used as a therapeutic option against cryptococcosis and cryptococcal meningitis. Moreover, the evaluation of its pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties is desirable.
- MeSH
- akrolein analogy a deriváty farmakologie MeSH
- analýza přežití MeSH
- antifungální látky farmakologie MeSH
- Cryptococcus neoformans účinky léků MeSH
- fungální léková rezistence účinky léků MeSH
- játra patologie MeSH
- kryptokokóza farmakoterapie mikrobiologie patologie MeSH
- mikrobiální testy citlivosti MeSH
- modely nemocí na zvířatech MeSH
- mozek patologie MeSH
- mykózy farmakoterapie MeSH
- myši MeSH
- plíce patologie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- myši MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
AIMS: The objective of the study was to evaluate the antimicrobial interactions between two volatile agents, Cinnamomum cassia essential oil (CCEO) and 8-hydroxyquinoline (8-HQ) against Staphylococcus aureus strains in liquid and vapour phases. METHODS AND RESULTS: In vitro antimicrobial effect of CCEO in combination with 8-HQ was evaluated against 12 strains of S. aureus by broth volatilization chequerboard method. Results show additive effects against all S. aureus strains for both phases. In several cases, sums of fractional inhibitory concentration values of our test combinations were lower than 0·6, which can be considered as a strong additive interaction. Moreover, composition of CCEO was analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis. In the CCEO, 26 compounds in total were identified, where (E)-cinnamaldehyde was the predominant compound, followed by cinnamyl acetate, α-copaene, bornyl acetate and caryophyllene. CONCLUSIONS: Results showed additive in vitro growth-inhibitory effect of CCEO and 8-HQ combination against various standard strains and clinical isolates of S. aureus. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: This is the first report on antibacterial effect of 8-HQ and CCEO combination in liquid and vapour phases. Results of the study suggest these agents as potential candidates for development of new anti-staphylococcal applications that can be used in the inhalation therapy against respiratory infections.
- MeSH
- akrolein analogy a deriváty chemie MeSH
- antibakteriální látky farmakologie MeSH
- mikrobiální testy citlivosti MeSH
- oleje prchavé farmakologie MeSH
- oxychinolin farmakologie MeSH
- plynová chromatografie s hmotnostně spektrometrickou detekcí MeSH
- skořicovník čínský chemie MeSH
- Staphylococcus aureus účinky léků MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Laboratory research of cough reflex utilizes almost exclusively male guinea pigs - a practice that represents a significant obstacle in the successful translation of results into clinical practice. Chronic hypersensitivity cough syndrome affects mostly postmenopausal women and it represents significant decrease in patient's quality of life. No cause for such exaggerated cough can be found, therefore this condition cannot be treated appropriately. One of the reasons leading to the lack of relevant data about mechanisms responsible for hypersensitivity of cough related pathways is nowadays widely discussed gender bias, which is present in nearly all branches of biomedical research. Since gender differences in cough reflex physiology do exist in humans, it would be reasonable to study cough-related phenomena on both sexes of laboratory animals. In this study, we focused on detailed characterization of cough response of female guinea pigs to aerosols of commonly used tussive agents (capsaicin, distilled water, allyl isothiocyanate, cinnamaldehyde, citric acid). In pooled data from multiple challenges we found no statistical difference in number of cough and cough latency between sexes. Based on our results we conclude that the utilization of female guinea pigs model does not lead to messy data and can be used in basic cough research.
- MeSH
- akrolein analogy a deriváty toxicita MeSH
- kapsaicin toxicita MeSH
- kašel chemicky indukované patofyziologie MeSH
- kyselina citronová toxicita MeSH
- modely nemocí na zvířatech * MeSH
- morčata MeSH
- pohlavní dimorfismus * MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- morčata MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
With aim to develop effective proof-of-concept approach which can be used in a development of new preparations for the inhalation therapy, we designed a new screening method for simple and rapid simultaneous determination of antibacterial potential of plant volatiles in the liquid and the vapour phase at different concentrations. In addition, EVA (ethylene vinyl acetate) capmat™ as vapour barrier cover was used as reliable modification of thiazolyl blue tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay for cytotoxicity testing of volatiles on microtiter plates. Antibacterial activity of carvacrol, cinnamaldehyde, eugenol, 8-hydroxyquinoline, thymol and thymoquinone was determined against Haemophilus influenzae, Staphylococcus aureus, and Streptococcus pneumoniae using new broth microdilution volatilization method. The cytotoxicity of these compounds was evaluated using MTT test in lung fibroblast cells MRC-5. The most effective antibacterial agents were 8-hydroxyquinoline and thymoquinone with the lowest minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) ranging from 2 to 128μg/mL, but they also possessed the highest toxicity in lung cell lines with half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values 0.86-2.95μg/mL. The lowest cytotoxicity effect was identified for eugenol with IC50 295.71μg/mL, however this compound produced only weak antibacterial potency with MICs 512-1024μg/mL. The results demonstrate validity of our novel broth microdilution volatilization method, which allows cost and labour effective high-throughput antimicrobial screening of volatile agents without need of special apparatus. In our opinion, this assay can also potentially be used for development of various medicinal, agricultural, and food applications that are based on volatile antimicrobials.
- MeSH
- akrolein analogy a deriváty chemie MeSH
- antibakteriální látky chemie MeSH
- benzochinony chemie MeSH
- buněčné linie MeSH
- eugenol chemie MeSH
- fytonutrienty chemie MeSH
- Haemophilus influenzae účinky léků MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mikrobiální testy citlivosti metody MeSH
- monoterpeny chemie MeSH
- oxychinolin chemie MeSH
- Staphylococcus aureus účinky léků MeSH
- Streptococcus pneumoniae účinky léků MeSH
- těkavé organické sloučeniny chemie MeSH
- tetrazoliové soli MeSH
- thiazoly MeSH
- thymol chemie MeSH
- volatilizace * MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Biofilmy oportunně patogenních mikroorganismů představují zdroj četných obtížně léčitelných onemocnění. Studium přírodních biologicky aktivních látek a jejich vlivu na tvorbu a stabilitu biofilmů hraje významnou roli v současném výzkumu. Přírodní produkty extrahované z nesčetného množství rostlin představují potenciální zdroj nových antimikrobiálních a antibiofilmových činidel. Ze zmíněné kategorie látek práce předkládá cinnamaldehyd a N‐‐acetylcystein.
The biofilms of opportunistic pathogens are a source of numerous difficult‐‐to‐‐treat infections. Exploration of natural biologically active compounds and their influence on the formation and stability of biofilms plays an important role in current research. Natural compounds isolated from plants can be viewed as a potential source of new anti‐‐microbial and anti‐‐biofilm agents. From this category, cinnamaldehyde and N‐‐acetylcysteine are presented.
- Klíčová slova
- cinnamaldehyd, antibiofilmová aktivita,
- MeSH
- acetylcystein * farmakologie MeSH
- akrolein analogy a deriváty farmakologie MeSH
- antibakteriální látky MeSH
- Bacteria účinky léků MeSH
- biofilmy * účinky léků MeSH
- Candida albicans účinky léků MeSH
- quorum sensing účinky léků MeSH
- Publikační typ
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
x
- MeSH
- akrolein analogy a deriváty farmakologie škodlivé účinky MeSH
- chemické bojové látky * farmakologie škodlivé účinky MeSH
- chloracetáty chemie škodlivé účinky MeSH
- dráždivé látky * dějiny škodlivé účinky MeSH
- fosgen analogy a deriváty farmakologie škodlivé účinky MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- sloučeniny bromu chemie škodlivé účinky MeSH
- slzné plyny chemie škodlivé účinky MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
Cronobacter sakazakii and C. malonaticus are opportunistic pathogens that cause infections in children and immunocompromised adults. In the present study, the antibacterial activity of 19 plant-derived compounds, 5 essential oils, and an extract of propolis were assessed against C. sakazakii and C. malonaticus. The effects of most of these antimicrobials have not been reported previously. Both strains were susceptible to thymol, carvacrol, thymoquinone, p-cymene, linalool, camphor, citral, eugenol, and trans-cinnamaldehyde as well as cinnamon, lemongrass, oregano, clove, and laurel essential oils; their minimum inhibitory concentrations varied between 0.1 and 2.0 mg/mL. As an alternative treatment method, vapors of the volatiles were tested as an indirect treatment. Vapors of trans-cinnamaldehyde, eugenol, oregano, and cinnamon essential oils inhibited both tested strains, while vapors of linalool were only active against C. sakazakii. To our knowledge, this study is the first time that the inhibitory activity of the vapors of these compounds and essential oils has been reported against Cronobacter spp.
- MeSH
- akrolein analogy a deriváty chemie farmakologie MeSH
- antibakteriální látky chemie farmakologie MeSH
- benzochinony chemie farmakologie MeSH
- Cronobacter sakazakii účinky léků MeSH
- Cronobacter účinky léků MeSH
- Cymbopogon chemie MeSH
- dobromysl (rod) chemie MeSH
- eugenol chemie farmakologie MeSH
- kafr chemie farmakologie MeSH
- mikrobiální testy citlivosti MeSH
- monoterpeny chemie farmakologie MeSH
- oleje prchavé chemie farmakologie MeSH
- oleje rostlin chemie farmakologie MeSH
- rostlinné extrakty chemie farmakologie MeSH
- seskviterpeny chemie farmakologie MeSH
- skořicovník ceylonský chemie MeSH
- Syzygium chemie MeSH
- thymol chemie farmakologie MeSH
- vztah mezi dávkou a účinkem léčiva MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Extracts of Helleborus roots were traditionally used in the Balkan area for their analgesic action. We report that the pure natural product MCS-18 isolated from this source is a potent, specific and reversible antagonist of the capsaicin receptor, TRPV1, expressed in rat dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons. TRPV1 is a nonselective cation channel expressed in a subset of cutaneous and visceral sensory nerve endings and activated by noxious heat, acidity and fatty acid metabolites of arachidonic acid, with a decisive role in inflammatory heat hyperalgesia. MCS-18 inhibited the increase in intracellular calcium concentration evoked in DRG neurons by capsaicin (300 nM) and low pH (5.5) but not by heat (43 oC). The substance had no effect on the responses mediated by acid-sensing ion channels (ASICs) or the irritant receptor TRPA1. Whole-cell patch-clamp was used to confirm the inhibition of capsaicin-induced currents by MCS-18 which was dose-dependent. The mechanism of inhibition does not require an intact cell, as capsaicin-induced currents were also inhibited in the excised outside-out configuration. The antagonism of the capsaicin and proton action on native TRPV1 by MCS-18 may be of interest for pain therapy.
- MeSH
- akrolein analogy a deriváty farmakologie MeSH
- biologické přípravky farmakologie MeSH
- bolest farmakoterapie metabolismus MeSH
- financování organizované MeSH
- Helleborus MeSH
- kapsaicin metabolismus MeSH
- kationtové kanály TRPV antagonisté a inhibitory metabolismus MeSH
- krysa rodu rattus MeSH
- kultivované buňky MeSH
- kyseliny farmakologie MeSH
- membránové potenciály účinky léků MeSH
- metoda terčíkového zámku MeSH
- nervové receptory cytologie metabolismus účinky léků MeSH
- spinální ganglia cytologie MeSH
- vápník metabolismus MeSH
- vysoká teplota MeSH
- vztah mezi dávkou a účinkem léčiva MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- krysa rodu rattus MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
Two representative strains of Gram-negative rumen bacteria from the genus Prevotella were used as model organisms in order to evaluate the effect of cinnamaldehyde (the secondary metabolite found in extracts of the Cinnamomum family) vs. sodium monensin on growth, cell size and cell protein production. Prevotella bryantii B(1)4 was found to be remarkably more resistant to the action of both compounds than Prevotella ruminicola 23. The approximate IC(50) concentrations of sodium monensin influenced the increase in cell size of both strains during growth, which was much more pronounced in the case of the B(1)4 strain. A similar effect was observed in strain B(1)4 when 1.438 mmol/L cinnamaldehyde was added to the growth medium, indicating a possible interference with cell division. The action of cinnamaldehyde on P. bryantii B(1)4 was concentration-dependent, in contrast to the effect observed on P. ruminicola 23.
- MeSH
- akrolein analogy a deriváty farmakologie MeSH
- antiprotozoální látky farmakologie MeSH
- bachor mikrobiologie MeSH
- fenotyp MeSH
- inhibiční koncentrace 50 MeSH
- monensin farmakologie MeSH
- parazitické testy citlivosti MeSH
- Prevotella ruminicola klasifikace metabolismus účinky léků MeSH
- Prevotella klasifikace metabolismus růst a vývoj účinky léků MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
The inhibitory effect of some plant oil aromatics against three strains of Arcobacter butzleri, two strains of Arcobacter cryaerophilus, and one strain of Arcobacter skirrowii was evaluated. When MICs were determined using the broth macrodilution method, cinnamaldehyde was most inhibitory followed by thymol, carvacrol, caffeic acid, tannic acid, and eugenol (P < 0.001). Sublethal concentrations of the three most potent plant oil aromatics also were examined. Overall, cinnamaldehyde was the most bacteriostatic against all arcobacters tested except A. butzleri when these strains were exposed to the MIC25 of this aromatic aldehyde. The bacteriostatic activities of thymol and carvacrol were concentration and species dependent.
- MeSH
- akrolein analogy a deriváty farmakologie MeSH
- Arcobacter růst a vývoj účinky léků MeSH
- druhová specificita MeSH
- eugenol farmakologie MeSH
- financování organizované MeSH
- konzervace potravin metody MeSH
- kyseliny kávové farmakologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mikrobiální testy citlivosti MeSH
- monoterpeny farmakologie MeSH
- oleje rostlin farmakologie chemie MeSH
- počet mikrobiálních kolonií MeSH
- potravinářské konzervační látky farmakologie MeSH
- spotřebitelská bezpečnost produktů MeSH
- taniny farmakologie MeSH
- thymol farmakologie MeSH
- vztah mezi dávkou a účinkem léčiva MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
