Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10), a lipophilic substituted benzoquinone, is present in animal and plant cells. It is endogenously synthetized in every cell and involved in a variety of cellular processes. CoQ10 is an obligatory component of the respiratory chain in inner mitochondrial membrane. In addition, the presence of CoQ10 in all cellular membranes and in blood. It is the only endogenous lipid antioxidant. Moreover, it is an essential factor for uncoupling protein and controls the permeability transition pore in mitochondria. It also participates in extramitochondrial electron transport and controls membrane physicochemical properties. CoQ10 effects on gene expression might affect the overall metabolism. Primary changes in the energetic and antioxidant functions can explain its remedial effects. CoQ10 supplementation is safe and well-tolerated, even at high doses. CoQ10 does not cause any serious adverse effects in humans or experimental animals. New preparations of CoQ10 that are less hydrophobic and structural derivatives, like idebenone and MitoQ, are being developed to increase absorption and tissue distribution. The review aims to summarize clinical and experimental effects of CoQ10 supplementations in some neurological diseases such as migraine, Parkinson ́s disease, Huntington ́s disease, Alzheimer ́s disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Friedreich ́s ataxia or multiple sclerosis. Cardiovascular hypertension was included because of its central mechanisms controlling blood pressure in the brainstem rostral ventrolateral medulla and hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus. In conclusion, it seems reasonable to recommend CoQ10 as adjunct to conventional therapy in some cases. However, sometimes CoQ10 supplementations are more efficient in animal models of diseases than in human patients (e.g. Parkinson ́s disease) or rather vague (e.g. Friedreich ́s ataxia or amyotrophic lateral sclerosis).

• MeSH
• antioxidancia farmakologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mitochondriální nemoci * metabolismus   MeSH
• mitochondrie metabolismus   MeSH
• nemoci nervového systému * farmakoterapie   metabolismus   MeSH
• transport elektronů MeSH
• ubichinon analogy a deriváty   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and its animal model adjuvant arthritis (AA) are inflammatory diseases characterized by chronic inflammation, systemic oxidative stress and disturbed mitochondrial bioenergetics of skeletal muscle. The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of coenzyme Q10 - CoQ10 (100 mg/kg b.w.), omega-3-polyunsaturated fatty acids - omega-3-PUFA (400 mg/kg b.w.) and their combined treatment in AA on impaired skeletal muscle mitochondrial bioenergetics, inflammation and changes in levels CoQ9 and CoQ10 in plasma. Markers of inflammation (C-reactive protein, monocyte-chemotactic protein-1), antioxidant capacity of plasma, respiratory chain parameters of skeletal muscle mitochondria and concentrations of CoQ9 and CoQ10 in plasma and in muscle tissue were estimated. Treatment of the arthritic rats with CoQ10, omega-3-PUFA alone and in combination partially reduced markers of inflammation and increased antioxidant capacity of plasma, significantly increased concentrations of coenzyme Q in mitochondria and improved mitochondrial function in the skeletal muscle. Combined treatment has similar effect on the mitochondrial function as monotherapies; however, it has affected inflammation and antioxidant status more intensively than monotherapies. Long-term supplementary administration of coenzyme Q10 and omega-3-PUFA and especially their combination is able to restore the impaired mitochondrial bioenergetics and antioxidant status in AA.

• MeSH
• antioxidancia metabolismus   MeSH
• artritida experimentální krev   dietoterapie   MeSH
• C-reaktivní protein metabolismus   MeSH
• chemokin CCL2 krev   MeSH
• kyseliny mastné omega-3 terapeutické užití   MeSH
• potkani inbrední LEW MeSH
• potravní doplňky MeSH
• revmatoidní artritida krev   dietoterapie   MeSH
• svalové mitochondrie metabolismus   MeSH
• ubichinon analogy a deriváty   metabolismus   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• hodnotící studie MeSH

• MeSH
• biologické markery metabolismus   MeSH
• kojenec MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nefrotický syndrom farmakoterapie   genetika   MeSH
• ubichinon analogy a deriváty   metabolismus   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• vitaminy terapeutické užití   MeSH
• Check Tag
• kojenec MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• dopisy MeSH
• kazuistiky MeSH

Dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH) is an enzyme of the de novo pyrimidine synthesis pathway that provides nucleotides for RNA/DNA synthesis essential for proliferation. In mammalian cells, DHODH is localized in mitochondria, linked to the respiratory chain via the coenzyme Q pool. Here we discuss the role of DHODH in the oxidative phosphorylation system and in the initiation and progression of cancer. We summarize recent findings on DHODH biology, the progress made in the development of new, specific inhibitors of DHODH intended for cancer therapy, and the mechanistic insights into the consequences of DHODH inhibition.

• MeSH
• inhibitory enzymů terapeutické užití   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mitochondrie genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• nádory genetika   patologie   MeSH
• oxidativní fosforylace * MeSH
• oxidoreduktasy působící na CH-CH vazby antagonisté a inhibitory   genetika   MeSH
• proliferace buněk účinky léků   MeSH
• transport elektronů genetika   MeSH
• ubichinon analogy a deriváty   genetika   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• přehledy MeSH

The creamy white to beige, aerobic, non-motile, ovoid to rod-shaped, Gram-stain-negative strain, Cd-10T, was isolated from heavy-metal-contaminated sludge from a decantation basin of a heavy metal processing factory based on its ability to tolerate CdCl2 in the cultivation medium. In the reconstruction of its phylogeny based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, strain Cd-10T clustered with species of the genera Gemmobacter, Xinfangfangia, Tabrizicola and Rhodobacter within the family Rhodobacteraceae. Its 16S rRNA gene sequence exhibited 96.32 % pairwise similarity to the type strain of Xinfangfangia soli, 95.3 % to that of Gemmobacter intermedius, followed by Tabrizicola fusiformis (95.10 %), Rhodobacter sediminis (94.88 %), Gemmobacter nectariphilus and Rhodobacter capsulatus (both 94.81 %). The major respiratory quinone was Q-10 accompanied by Q-9, the fatty acid profile consisted predominantly of C18 : 1ω7c, C18 : 0, C16 : 0 and C16 : 1ω7c, the major polar lipids were phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylmethylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine and diphosphatidylglycerol. An analysis of the percentage of conserved proteins deduced from draft or complete genomic sequences of strain Cd-10T and representatives of its closest relatives suggested that strain Cd-10T is a member of a novel genus within the Rhodobacteraceae family for which we propose the name Pseudogemmobacter. Strain Cd-10T (=DSM 103618T=NCCB 100645T) is the type strain of Pseudogemmobacter bohemicus gen. nov., sp. nov., the type species of the genus Pseudogemmobacter gen. nov.

• MeSH
• DNA bakterií genetika   MeSH
• fosfolipidy chemie   MeSH
• fylogeneze * MeSH
• mastné kyseliny chemie   MeSH
• odpadní vody mikrobiologie   MeSH
• Rhodobacteraceae klasifikace   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• RNA ribozomální 16S genetika   MeSH
• sekvenční analýza DNA MeSH
• techniky typizace bakterií MeSH
• těžké kovy * MeSH
• ubichinon analogy a deriváty   chemie   MeSH
• zastoupení bazí MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH

This study aimed at investigating the protective role of CoQ10 against cadmium (Cd)-induced reproductive toxicity in male rats. Adult male Wistar rats were exposed to an acute dose of Cd (25 mg/kg bwt; Cd group), Cd+CoQ10 (25 mg/kg bwt Cd+10 mg CoQ10; Cd-Q10 group) and distilled water (control) in vivo for 15 consecutive days and semen quality was assessed. A significant reduction was noted in sperm concentration, progressive motility, morphology and DNA integrity in both Cd- and Cd-Q10 groups in comparison to control indicating Cd-induced testicular lipid per oxidation (LPO) and decline in indigenous antioxidant defense system as measured by total antioxidant capacity (TAC) (p<0.05). However, simultaneous co-administration of CoQ10 along with Cd (Cd-Q10 group) was able to improve sperm concentration, motility, progressive motility, morphology, DNA integrity, and testicular TAC as well as lower LPO compared to Cd group (p<0.05). Results indicate that used dose of CoQ10 is capable of moderately ameliorating reproductive toxicity of Cd by improving semen quality and reducing testicular oxidative stress.

• MeSH
• kadmium toxicita   MeSH
• krysa rodu rattus MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• oxidační stres účinky léků   fyziologie   MeSH
• peroxidace lipidů účinky léků   fyziologie   MeSH
• počet spermií metody   MeSH
• potkani Wistar MeSH
• rozmnožování účinky léků   fyziologie   MeSH
• ubichinon analogy a deriváty   farmakologie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• krysa rodu rattus MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

In this report, Gluconobacter strains were screened for coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) production. A thermotolerant strain, Gluconobacter japonicus FM10, was eventually employed for CoQ10 production optimization. To do so, a two-step optimization strategy was used. The first step focused on biomass increase and the second step focused on increase in CoQ10 production. Factors including temperature, pH, carbon, and nitrogen sources were optimized at the first step, and temperature, pH, and aeration were optimized at the second step. The batch culture fermentation was used with the optimized factors of the first phase (30 °C, pH 6.5, D-sorbitol, and yeast extract-peptone as the carbon and nitrogen sources). After 18 h, the temperature, pH, and aeration were shifted to the optimized values of the second step (36 °C, pH 7, and no aeration). By this strategy, the dry cell mass (17.1 g/L) and CoQ10 (23.2 mg/L) were obtained after 20 h, which the latter was 2.3 times higher than that of the first step of optimization. Among the conditions tested, carbon source was the most important factor on the cell growth at the first step while no aeration was the key factor for CoQ10 production in the second step of optimization.

• MeSH
• dusík metabolismus   MeSH
• fermentace MeSH
• Gluconobacter chemie   genetika   růst a vývoj   metabolismus   MeSH
• koncentrace vodíkových iontů MeSH
• kultivační média metabolismus   MeSH
• ubichinon analogy a deriváty   biosyntéza   MeSH
• uhlík metabolismus   MeSH
• vysoká teplota MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Two non-pathogenic strains R89-1 and R90T isolated from poppy seed (Papaver somniferum L.) wastes were phenotypically and genotypically characterized. Multilocus sequence analysis (MLSA) was conducted with six genes (atpD, glnA, gyrB, recA, rpoB, 16S rRNA). The strains represented a new species which clustered with Agrobacterium rubi NBRC 13261T and Agrobacterium skierniewicense Ch11T type strains. MLSA was further accompanied by whole-genome phylogeny, in silico DNA-DNA hybridization (dDDH) and average nucleotide identity (ANI) analyses for both strains. ANI and dDDH values were deep below the species delineation threshold. Phenotypic features of the novel strains unequivocally allowed their differentiation from all other Agrobacterium species. Unlike other agrobacteria, the strains were salt sensitive and were able to biotransform morphine alkaloids. The dominant cellular fatty acids are 18:1 w7c, 16:0 and 12:0 aldehyde/16:1 iso I/14:0 3OH summed in feature 2 and the major respiratory quinine is Q-10 (87%). The DNA G+C content is 56mol%. Microbial community analysis indicated probable association with P. somniferum plant material. Altogether, these characteristics showed that strains R90T and R89-1 represent a new species of the genus Agrobacterium which we propose to name Agrobacterium bohemicum. The type strain of A. bohemicum is R90T (=CCM 8736T=DSM 104667T).

• MeSH
• Agrobacterium klasifikace   genetika   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• bakteriální geny MeSH
• biotransformace MeSH
• DNA bakterií genetika   MeSH
• fylogeneze * MeSH
• hybridizace nukleových kyselin MeSH
• mastné kyseliny chemie   MeSH
• multilokusová sekvenční typizace MeSH
• Papaver mikrobiologie   MeSH
• RNA ribozomální 16S genetika   MeSH
• sekvenční analýza DNA MeSH
• semena rostlinná mikrobiologie   MeSH
• ubichinon analogy a deriváty   chemie   MeSH
• zastoupení bazí MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH

• Klíčová slova
• idebenon,
• MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• Leberova atrofie zrakového nervu * diagnostické zobrazování   epidemiologie   genetika   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mitochondriální DNA analýza   MeSH
• mitochondriální nemoci MeSH
• mutace MeSH
• poruchy zraku klasifikace   MeSH
• retinální gangliové buňky patologie   MeSH
• ubichinon analogy a deriváty   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• kazuistiky MeSH

Mitochondrial dysfunctions significantly contribute to the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Here, we studied the relationship between AD and changes in the mitochondrial rates of respiration in blood platelets, respiratory chain complexes activity, and coenzyme Q10 plasma concentrations. In intact platelets obtained from AD patients, we observed a decrease in endogenous basal respiration rates, a decrease in the maximal capacity of the electron transport system (ETS), and higher respiratory rates after inhibiting complex I of the ETS. When normalized for citrate synthase activity, rotenone inhibited respiratory rates and complex I activity was significantly altered. In permeabilized platelets, mitochondrial respiration was completely rescued by the addition of complex I substrates. The changes in mitochondrial respiratory parameters were not associated with the progression of AD except for the capacity of the ETS in permeabilized platelets. In AD, complex I activity was increased, complex IV activity was decreased, and coenzyme Q10 plasma concentrations were decreased. Our data indicate that both insufficiency in substrates entering into the oxidative phosphorylation system and functional disturbances in the ETS complex are responsible for the decrease in respiration observed in intact platelets in AD patients. Analyses of complex IV activity, the respiratory rates of intact platelets, and the capacity of the ETS in permeabilized platelets may enable the characterization of mitochondrial dysfunctions in the initial stage of AD.

• MeSH
• Alzheimerova nemoc genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• apolipoproteiny E genetika   MeSH
• biologické markery metabolismus   MeSH
• citrátsynthasa metabolismus   MeSH
• frekvence genu MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mitochondrie metabolismus   MeSH
• polymorfismus genetický MeSH
• respirační komplex I metabolismus   MeSH
• respirační komplex IV metabolismus   MeSH
• ROC křivka MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• trombocyty metabolismus   MeSH
• ubichinon analogy a deriváty   krev   MeSH
• záznam o duševním stavu MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH