BACKGROUND: We aimed to evaluate the predictors of sustainability of biologic drugs for paediatric patients with Crohn's disease (CD). METHODS: The Czech National Prospective Registry of Biologic and Targeted Therapy of Inflammatory Bowel Disease (CREdIT) was used to identify the biologic treatment courses in paediatric patients with CD. Mixed-effects Cox models and propensity score analyses were employed to evaluate predictors of treatment sustainability. RESULTS: Among the 558 observations of 473 patients, 264 were treated with adalimumab (47%), 240 with infliximab (43%), 41 with ustekinumab (7%), and 13 with vedolizumab (2%). Multivariable analysis revealed higher discontinuation risk with infliximab compared to adalimumab (HR = 0.600, 95%CI 0.389-0.926), both overall and in first-line treatment (HR = 0.302, 95%CI 0.103-0.890). Infliximab versus adalimumab was associated with shorter time to escalation (HR = 0.094, 95%CI 0.043-0.203). Propensity-score analysis demonstrated lower sustainability of infliximab (HR = 0.563, 95%CI 1.159-2.725). The time since diagnosis to treatment initiation (HR = 0.852, 95%CI 0.781-0.926) was the most important predictor. Baseline immunosuppressive therapy prolonged sustainability with infliximab (HR = 2.899, 95%CI 1.311-6.410). CONCLUSIONS: Given the results suggesting shorter sustainability, the need for earlier intensification and thus higher drug exposure, and the greater need for immunosuppression with infliximab than with adalimumab, the choice of these drugs cannot be considered completely equitable. IMPACT: Our study identified predictors of sustainability of biologic treatment in paediatric patients with Crohn's disease, including adalimumab (versus infliximab), early initiation of biologic treatment, and normalised baseline haemoglobin levels. Infliximab treatment was associated with earlier intensification, higher drug exposure, and a greater need for immunosuppression. Parents and patients should be fully informed of the disadvantages of intravenous infliximab versus adalimumab during the decision-making process. This study emphasises the importance of not delaying the initiation of biologic therapy in paediatric patients with Crohn's disease.

• MeSH
• adalimumab * terapeutické užití   MeSH
• biologické přípravky terapeutické užití   MeSH
• Crohnova nemoc * farmakoterapie   MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• humanizované monoklonální protilátky terapeutické užití   MeSH
• infliximab * terapeutické užití   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• proporcionální rizikové modely MeSH
• prospektivní studie MeSH
• registrace * MeSH
• tendenční skóre MeSH
• ustekinumab terapeutické užití   MeSH
• výsledek terapie MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• adalimumab * MeSH
• biologické přípravky MeSH
• humanizované monoklonální protilátky MeSH
• infliximab * MeSH
• ustekinumab MeSH
• vedolizumab MeSH Prohlížeč

OBJECTIVES: We prospectively compared the postvaccination immunity to messenger ribonucleic acid BNT162b2 severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccine of our pediatric patients over 12 years old with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) to that of healthy controls and looked for predictors of its robustness. METHODS: Anti-receptor binding domain, anti-spike S2, and anti-nucleocapsid immunoglobin-G (IgG) and immunoglobin-A levels were measured in 139 pediatric patients with IBD [65 fully vaccinated (2 doses), median age 16.3, interquartile range (IQR) 15.2-17.8 years, median time from vaccination (IQR) 61.0 (42.0-80.0) days] and 1744 controls (46, 37-57 years) using microblot array. RESULTS: All IBD and control patients developed positive anti-receptor binding domain IgG antibodies at comparable titers. The proportion of observations with positive anti-spike S2 IgG was higher in patients with IBD than in controls [63% vs 21%, odds ratio 2.99 (1.51-5.90)], as was its titer [median (IQR) 485 (92-922) vs 79 [33-180] IU/mL]. Anti-receptor binding domain and anti-spike S2 IgG levels were associated with IBD status. We found an association between anti-spike S2 IgG levels and time since vaccination (β -4.85, 95% CI -7.14 to 2.71, P = 0.0001), history of SARS-CoV-2 polymerase chain reaction positivity (206.76, 95% CI 39.93-374.05, P = 0.0213), and anti-tumor necrosis factor treatment (-239.68, 95% CI -396.44-83.55, P = 0.0047). Forty-three percent of patients reported vaccination side effects (mostly mild). Forty-six percent of observations with positive anti-nucleocapsid IgG had a history of SARS-CoV-2 infection. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with IBD produced higher levels of postvaccination anti-spike S2 antibodies than controls. Previous SARS-CoV-2 infection is associated with higher production of postvaccination antibodies and anti-tumor necrosis factor treatment with lower production.

• MeSH
• COVID-19 * prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• idiopatické střevní záněty * MeSH
• imunoglobulin G MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• nekróza MeSH
• protilátky virové MeSH
• SARS-CoV-2 MeSH
• TNF-alfa MeSH
• vakcína BNT162 MeSH
• vakcinace MeSH
• vakcíny proti COVID-19 MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• imunoglobulin G MeSH
• protilátky virové MeSH
• TNF-alfa MeSH
• vakcína BNT162 MeSH
• vakcíny proti COVID-19 MeSH

INTRODUCTION: Standard coagulation tests (activated partial thromboplastin time [aPTT] and prothrombin time [PT]) are used for the assessment of coagulation profile in critically ill pediatric patients undergoing invasive interventions such as insertion of central venous catheter, tonsillectomy, laparotomy, etc. However, these tests do not reflect the profile of whole blood coagulation. Rotational thromboelastometry (ROTEM) as a point of care (POC) viscoelastic test may serve as an alternative method. Due to its ability to assess coagulation profile of the whole blood, it might yield normal results despite prolonged aPTT/PT results. The aim of this study was to find out if there was any severe bleeding during or after invasive procedures if ROTEM test was normal despite prolonged values of aPTT/PT in pediatric patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed data for the years 2015 to 2017 for pediatric patients with prolonged values of aPTT or PT and normal ROTEM tests-internal thromboelastometry (INTEM) (assessing internal pathway of coagulation) and external thromboelastometry (EXTEM) (assessing external pathway of coagulation)-and we looked for severe bleeding during or after invasive procedures. RESULTS: In 26 pediatric patients (children from 2 months to 17 years old), we found that INTEM and EXTEM tests showed normal coagulation despite prolonged values of aPTT ratio with a median of 1.47 (minimum 1.04 and maximum 2.05), international normalized ratio with a median of 1.4 (minimum 0.99 and maximum 2.10), and PT ratio with a median of 1.30 (minimum 0.89 and maximum 2.11). In these patients, no severe bleeding was observed during interventions or postoperatively. CONCLUSION: Our data support using thromboelastometry method as an alternative coagulation test for the assessment of coagulation profile in pediatric patients undergoing surgical or other invasive procedures, especially using it as a POC test. All invasive procedures in our study were performed without severe bleeding despite prolonged values of PT/aPTT with normal ROTEM results. It seems that ROTEM assessment of coagulation may lead to decreased administration of fresh frozen plasma and shorten time of patient preparation for intervention.

• MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• koagulopatie komplikace   diagnóza   MeSH
• kojenec MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• pilotní projekty MeSH
• pooperační krvácení etiologie   prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• předškolní dítě MeSH
• retrospektivní studie MeSH
• tromboelastografie metody   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• kojenec MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• předškolní dítě MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

AIM OF STUDY: Duodenum-preserving resection of the pancreatic head (DPRPH) with Roux-en-Y pancreatojejunostomy is a procedure used to remove focal pathological lesions of the pancreatic head. Although predominantly used in adult patients, it is both safe and effective in children. The aim of this study was to review our experience with this procedure, with focus on its indications, complications and long-term outcomes. METHODS: A retrospective analysis of pediatric patients who underwent DPRPH between 1994 and 2015 was performed. Patient files were reviewed for demographic, diagnostic, operative and histological details, postoperative complications. Patients were contacted telephonically and sent questionnaires to determine long-term outcomes. RESULTS: The study cohort consists of 21 patients, 14 girls and 7 boys, with an average age of 11.72 years (range 3 months to 18.6 years), who underwent DPRPH with end-to-end anastomosis of the jejunum to the pancreatic body (Roux-en-Y anastomosis). In four cases the head and also part of the body of the pancreas was resected. In the remaining 17 cases, only the head of the pancreas was resected. Indications for DPRPH were solid pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas (n = 10), trauma (n = 8), pancreas divisum (n = 1), focal congenital hyperinsulinism (n = 1) and pancreatic cyst (n = 1). The length of follow-up ranged from 1 to 22 years (average 9.66). One patient developed a biliary fistula, which closed spontaneously within 2 weeks after stent insertion. A recurrence of abdominal pain was reported in two patients, occurring at 7 months after the operation in one patient and at 1 year in the other. Pancreatic endocrine insufficiency did not occur in any of the 21 patients. Seven patients currently require a low fat diet, five of which need pancreatic enzyme supplementation. An additional two patients need enzyme supplementation without dietary restriction. CONCLUSION: DPRPH is a safe and effective procedure for the treatment of large focal pathological lesions of the pancreatic head in children. As a less invasive procedure than pancreatoduodenectomy, it is more appropriate for the developing child.

• Klíčová slova
• Children, Duodenum-preserving resection of the pancreatic head, Pancreatic insufficiency, Pancreatic surgery,
• MeSH
• časové faktory MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• duodenum chirurgie   MeSH
• kojenec MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• nádory slinivky břišní chirurgie   MeSH
• následné studie MeSH
• pankreas chirurgie   MeSH
• pankreatektomie metody   MeSH
• pankreatikojejunostomie metody   MeSH
• pooperační komplikace prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• předškolní dítě MeSH
• retrospektivní studie MeSH
• Rouxova Y-anastomóza metody   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• kojenec MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• předškolní dítě MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

BACKGROUND: Evidence of the impact of in utero exposure to anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha on long-term childhood development is limited. The aim was to assess the impact of in utero exposure to anti-TNF-alpha due to mothers' inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) on long-term postnatal development of exposed children. METHODS: We included consecutive children (≥12 months of age) born to mothers with IBD (2007-2016) treated with anti-TNF-alpha during pregnancy in 3 centers in the Czech Republic. A control group was comprised of unexposed children of non-IBD mothers undergoing mandatory check-ups at general pediatricians' offices. Data on perinatal period, psychomotor development, vaccination, infections, antibiotics, and allergy were collected by treating pediatricians using a predefined questionnaire. RESULTS: Seventy-two exposed and 69 unexposed children were included (median age, 35 and 50 months, respectively). Exposed children had growth and psychomotor development similar to controls. There was no significant difference in infectious complications within the first year of life (23.9% vs 17.4%; P = 0.36) or during the whole follow-up between exposed infants and controls (P = 0.32). Concomitant immunosuppressants during pregnancy and anti-TNF-alpha levels in cord blood were not associated with elevated infection rate within the first year of life (P > 0.05). Over 95% of exposed children had adequate serologic response to vaccination, except for haemophilus and mumps vaccines. Clinically manifested allergy was similar between the groups (P = 0.98). CONCLUSIONS: Anti-TNF-alpha exposure in utero does not seem to have a negative impact on postnatal development of children with regard to infectious complications, allergy, growth, or psychomotor development when compared with unexposed children of non-IBD women.

• Klíčová slova
• anti-TNF-alpha, children, infections, inflammatory bowel disease, vaccination,
• MeSH
• adalimumab aplikace a dávkování   MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• gastrointestinální látky aplikace a dávkování   MeSH
• idiopatické střevní záněty farmakoterapie   imunologie   MeSH
• infliximab aplikace a dávkování   MeSH
• kohortové studie MeSH
• kojenec MeSH
• komplikace těhotenství diagnóza   farmakoterapie   imunologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• matky MeSH
• následné studie MeSH
• předškolní dítě MeSH
• prognóza MeSH
• studie případů a kontrol MeSH
• těhotenství MeSH
• TNF-alfa antagonisté a inhibitory   MeSH
• zpožděný efekt prenatální expozice farmakoterapie   imunologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• kojenec MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• předškolní dítě MeSH
• těhotenství MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• multicentrická studie MeSH
• pozorovací studie MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• randomizované kontrolované studie MeSH
• Názvy látek
• adalimumab MeSH
• gastrointestinální látky MeSH
• infliximab MeSH
• TNF-alfa MeSH

BACKGROUND: Young age and thiopurine therapy are risk factors for lymphoproliferative disease among patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). AIMS: The aims of this study were to evaluate the prevalence of seropositivity for the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and human cytomegalovirus (CMV) among children and adolescents with IBD, to assess the viral load of EBV, CMV, and BK and JC polyomaviruses (BKV, JCV) in these patients, and to assess the influence of different therapeutic regimens on seroprevalence and viral load. METHODS: Children who had been followed in our center were tested for EBV, CMV, BKV, and JCV in a cross-sectional study. One hundred and six children were included who had Crohn's disease (68%), ulcerative colitis (29%), and unclassified IBD (3%). RESULTS: We found that 64% of patients were EBV seropositive. The proportion of EBV seropositive patients increased during childhood. Azathioprine therapy (p = 0.003) was associated with EBV seropositivity in a multiple logistic regression model, after adjusting for gender, age, and disease activity at determination. We found a significant association between the number of polymerase chain reaction copies and infliximab dose (p = 0.023). We did not find any significant association between CMV serology and CMV, BKV, or JCV viral load, or any other therapeutic regimen or clinical characteristics. CONCLUSIONS: Treatment with azathioprine appears to be a risk factor for early EBV seropositivity in children with IBD, and the infliximab dose was associated with a higher EBV viral load.

• Klíčová slova
• Azathioprine, Cytomegalovirus, Epstein–Barr virus, Immunosuppressive therapy, Inflammatory bowel disease, Infliximab,
• MeSH
• azathioprin škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• Crohnova nemoc diagnóza   farmakoterapie   epidemiologie   imunologie   MeSH
• cytomegalovirové infekce diagnóza   epidemiologie   imunologie   virologie   MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• hostitel s imunodeficiencí MeSH
• imunosupresiva škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• infekce virem Epsteina-Barrové diagnóza   epidemiologie   imunologie   virologie   MeSH
• infliximab škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• logistické modely MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• multivariační analýza MeSH
• odds ratio MeSH
• oportunní infekce diagnóza   epidemiologie   imunologie   virologie   MeSH
• polyomavirové infekce diagnóza   epidemiologie   imunologie   virologie   MeSH
• předškolní dítě MeSH
• prevalence MeSH
• průřezové studie MeSH
• rizikové faktory MeSH
• séroepidemiologické studie MeSH
• sérologické testy MeSH
• ulcerózní kolitida diagnóza   farmakoterapie   epidemiologie   imunologie   MeSH
• věkové faktory MeSH
• virová nálož MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• předškolní dítě MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika epidemiologie   MeSH
• Názvy látek
• azathioprin MeSH
• imunosupresiva MeSH
• infliximab MeSH

AIM: To develop and validate high-sensitive (hs) ELISA method for detection of adipophilin (adipose differentiation-related protein, ADRP) in human breast milk (BM) and to analyze adipophilin levels in BM during 12 months of lactation. METHODS: ADRP levels were determined using hsELISA method (Biovendor-Laboratory Medicine, Inc.) in colostrum (D0) and BM of 72 mothers was collected 1, 3, 6, and 12 months following delivery (M1, 3, 6, 12). RESULTS: ADRP was detectable in BM up to 12 months of lactation. Mean levels at D0 were 1.98 ± 0.12; M1, 2.83 ± 0.21; M3, 2.39 ± 0.17; M6, 2.57 ± 0.16; and at M12 3.25 ± 0.21 μg/ml. Significantly higher levels of ADRP were found in M1 and M12 when compared to D0 and in M12 when compared to M3 (overall P = 0.0001). No significant correlation was seen between ADRP levels in BM and adiponectin, body weight of infants, their birth length, body weight gain during the first year of life, or BMI of mothers before pregnancy. CONCLUSIONS: We developed and validated hsELISA for detection of ADRP in human BM. ADRP was detectable in human BM during the whole 12 months of lactation period and its levels were intraindividually well-conserved.

• Klíčová slova
• ADRP, ELISA, adipophilin, human breast milk, nutritional programming,
• MeSH
• časové faktory MeSH
• ELISA metody   MeSH
• kolostrum metabolismus   MeSH
• laktace MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mateřské mléko metabolismus   MeSH
• membránové proteiny metabolismus   MeSH
• perilipin 2 MeSH
• těhotenství MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• těhotenství MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• membránové proteiny MeSH
• perilipin 2 MeSH
• PLIN2 protein, human MeSH Prohlížeč

BACKGROUND: Prenatal exposure to anti-tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) antibodies seems to be safe for fetal development. Data on long-term outcome of exposed children are missing. Our aim was to assess long-term postnatal development of children exposed to anti-TNF-α during pregnancy. METHODS: Consecutive children aged ≥ 12 months exposed to anti-TNFs prenatally for maternal inflammatory bowel disease in 3 centers in the Czech Republic were enrolled. Data on psychomotor development, infections, antibiotics, vaccination, and allergy were retrospectively obtained from mothers, treating pediatricians, and children's vaccination cards. Furthermore, standardized laboratory tests on humoral and cellular immunity were performed. RESULTS: Twenty-five children exposed to biologicals were included (median age, 34 mo; range, 14-70 mo). All children had normal growth, and all but 1 had normal psychomotor development. Majority (80%) experienced at least 1 infection (mainly respiratory), and 60% of infants received antibiotics, 32% of those within the first year of life. Vaccination was undertaken according to vaccination protocol to 23 infants (92%). Fifteen children also had tuberculosis vaccination without serious complication. Immunological investigation was performed with 17 children (68%). Cellular immunity was normal in all infants, and 7 children had mild decrease in IgA and/or IgG immunoglobulins without clinical significance. All children had a detectable serologic response to vaccination. CONCLUSIONS: Exposure to anti-TNF-α antibodies seems to be safe for growth and psychomotor development of children, although clinical significance of relatively high frequency of infections and antibiotic use among infants remains questionable because of the lack of a control group. Continuous follow-up of exposed children is absolutely warranted.

• MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• idiopatické střevní záněty krev   farmakoterapie   MeSH
• infekce chemicky indukované   farmakoterapie   MeSH
• kojenec MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• monoklonální protilátky aplikace a dávkování   škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• následné studie MeSH
• poruchy růstu chemicky indukované   prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• předškolní dítě MeSH
• prognóza MeSH
• psychomotorické poruchy chemicky indukované   prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• těhotenství MeSH
• TNF-alfa imunologie   MeSH
• zpožděný efekt prenatální expozice chemicky indukované   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• kojenec MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• předškolní dítě MeSH
• těhotenství MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH
• Názvy látek
• monoklonální protilátky MeSH
• TNF-alfa MeSH

BACKGROUND: Interferon-γ release assay (IGRA) is widely used for screening of latent tuberculosis (TB) before and during biological therapy (BT). An indeterminate result of IGRA represents a limitation in the management of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Data on factors influencing IGRA results are scarce in children. The aim of the study was to identify factors influencing IGRA results in children with IBD. METHODS: Seventy-two children with IBD (59 Crohn disease, 11 ulcerative colitis, 2 IBD-unclassified) indicated for BT were tested for TB infection (history, TB skin test, chest radiograph, IGRA; QuantiFERON-TB Gold in tube [QFT]) and consecutively retested using QFT in 1-year intervals. RESULTS: We recorded 165 results of QFT (3% positive, 87% negative, and 10% indeterminate results). During follow-up we identified 4 conversions of negative QFT to positivity (3%) and 4 reversions (4%). Patients with indeterminate results of QFT had significantly lower actual weight-for-height z score (P = 0.022), higher platelet count (P = 0.00017), and lower levels of serum albumin (P = 0.015) compared with patients with positive or negative QFT. Indeterminate QFT was associated with corticosteroid treatment, BT, and disease activity, but not with treatment by immunomodulators. In a subanalysis of patients with Crohn disease alone, Pediatric Crohn's Disease Activity Index was identified as single independent risk factor for indeterminate results (P = 0.00037). CONCLUSIONS: Although corticosteroid treatment is traditionally considered to be the main risk factor for indeterminate results of IGRA, the disease activity of IBD has even more profound effects on the results.

• MeSH
• Crohnova nemoc komplikace   patologie   MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• hormony kůry nadledvin škodlivé účinky   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• idiopatické střevní záněty komplikace   patologie   MeSH
• interferon gama metabolismus   MeSH
• latentní tuberkulóza komplikace   diagnóza   metabolismus   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• počet trombocytů MeSH
• rizikové faktory MeSH
• sérový albumin metabolismus   MeSH
• tělesná hmotnost MeSH
• test pomocí interferonu gama * MeSH
• tuberkulinový test * MeSH
• ulcerózní kolitida komplikace   patologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• hormony kůry nadledvin MeSH
• interferon gama MeSH
• sérový albumin MeSH

OBJECTIVES: Adiponectin, adipocyte fatty acid-binding protein (AFABP), and leptin have been shown to be present in human breast milk (BM). We determined intraindividual changes of BM levels of these proteins during 12 months of lactation. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Proteins were measured using a high-sensitivity enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method in 72 healthy mothers after delivery (day 0, D0) and after 1, 3, 6, and 12 months of lactation. RESULTS: Adiponectin levels in BM on D0 were 22.8 ± 0.8 (mean ± standard error of the mean), in 1 month (M1) 22.0 ± 0.6, in 3 months (M3) 20.5 ± 0.6, in 6 months (M6) 21.4 ± 0.8, and in 12 months (M12) 25.7 ± 1.4 ng/mL. AFABP levels were 12.3 ± 2.0, 6.2 ± 1.3, 1.3 ± 0.2, 2.5 ± 1.0, and 4.6 ± 1.9 ng/mL, respectively. Leptin levels were 0.3 ± 0.04, 0.2 ± 0.03, 0.1 ± 0.01, 0.1 ± 0.02, and 0.2 ± 0.04 ng/mL, respectively. We found significantly higher levels of adiponectin in M12 in comparison to M3 and M6 (P = 0.0026), higher levels of AFABP in D0 and M1 when compared with M3, M6, and M12 (P < 0.0001), and higher levels of leptin on D0 than in M1, M3, M6, and M12 (P < 0.0001). AFABP levels correlated negatively with infants' body weight in M1, but there was no correlation throughout the lactation period between body weight and other proteins. We found positive correlation between adiponectin, AFABP, and leptin throughout the lactation. CONCLUSIONS: All of the hormones were detectable in BM up to 12 months of lactation, with decreasing trend until M3 and subsequent increase till M12. We speculate that higher levels in M6 and M12 may be caused by longer intervals between breast-feeding due to the introduction of complementary food.

• MeSH
• adiponektin metabolismus   MeSH
• časové faktory MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• kojenec MeSH
• kolostrum metabolismus   MeSH
• laktace metabolismus   MeSH
• leptin metabolismus   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mateřské mléko metabolismus   MeSH
• novorozenec MeSH
• porodní hmotnost MeSH
• proteiny vázající mastné kyseliny metabolismus   MeSH
• reprodukovatelnost výsledků MeSH
• těhotenství MeSH
• tělesná hmotnost MeSH
• vývoj dítěte MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• kojenec MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• novorozenec MeSH
• těhotenství MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH
• Názvy látek
• adiponektin MeSH
• ADIPOQ protein, human MeSH Prohlížeč
• FABP4 protein, human MeSH Prohlížeč
• leptin MeSH
• proteiny vázající mastné kyseliny MeSH