AIMS: We investigated whether a short period of tightly controlled low-carbohydrate diet (LCD) leads to higher time in range without increasing the associated risks in children and young people with diabetes (CYPwD). METHODS: Thirty-five (CYPwD) were recruited into this randomized controlled cross-over study (20 female; 20 CSII; age 14.5 ± 2.9 years; HbA1c 48.9 ± 9.4 mmol/mol). The interventions were five and five weeks of ready-made food box deliveries of isocaloric diets in random order: either LCD (94.5 ± 4.7 g/day) or recommended carbohydrate diet (RCD) (191 ± 19.2 g/day). The outcomes were continuous glucose monitoring parameters, anthropometric, laboratory and quality of life (QoL) data. RESULTS: Time in range was significantly higher in the LCD than in the RCD period (77.1 % vs. 73.8 %, P=0.008). Times in hyperglycemia and average glycaemia were significantly lower in the LCD. There was no difference between the diets in time in hypoglycemia or glycemic variability. The subjects' body weight and BMI were significantly lower during the LCD. There was no significant difference in the LDL-cholesterol levels. No significant differences were observed in the self-assessed QoL. CONCLUSIONS: Short-term LCD led to an improvement of glycemic parameters without increasing time in hypoglycemia, disturbing the lipid profile or negatively affecting the quality of life of CYPwD.

• Klíčová slova
• Low-carbohydrate diet, Type 1 diabetes in children and young people,
• MeSH
• diabetes mellitus 1. typu * dietoterapie   krev   MeSH
• dieta s omezením sacharidů * metody   MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• glykovaný hemoglobin metabolismus   analýza   MeSH
• klinické křížové studie * MeSH
• krevní glukóza metabolismus   analýza   MeSH
• kvalita života MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• randomizované kontrolované studie MeSH
• Názvy látek
• glykovaný hemoglobin MeSH
• krevní glukóza MeSH

BACKGROUND: International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics (Fédération Internationale de Gynécologie et d'Obstétrique - FIGO) introduced a new staging system for endometrial carcinoma - FIGO 2023 - in June 2023. OBJECTIVE: The new staging system differs significantly from previous versions. The new system represents a significant departure from the traditional staging systems for other gynaecological cancers, as the definition of individual stages includes not only the traditional anatomical extent of the tumour, but also the molecular profile of the tumour and other histopathological parameters - histological type of tumour, tumour grade and the presence of substantial lymphovascular invasion. The new system defines stages I and II in a completely different way and expands the definition of stages III and IV, allowing for different types of tumour spread outside the uterus. The introduction of molecular testing is the main change in the new staging system. When certain molecular markers are detected, stage I or II is completely changed. By including these non-anatomical parameters, the FIGO 2023 staging system improves the accuracy of a patient's prognosis at a specific stage with better options for individualized treatment, including the use of immunotherapy. Another goal was to synchronise staging as much as possible with the recommendations of three professional societies: the European Society of Gynaecological Oncology (ESGO), the European Society for Radiotherapy and Oncology (ESTRO) and the European Society of Pathology (ESP). The staging system for carcinosarcoma remains identical to the staging system for endometrial cancer. CONCLUSION: This article presents an overview of the new FIGO 2023 endometrial cancer staging system and discusses its advantages and disadvantages for clinical practice.

• Klíčová slova
• FIGO 2023 staging system, endometrial cancer, molecular classification, staging,
• MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nádory endometria * patologie   terapie   MeSH
• staging nádorů * MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH

Detection of adulteration of small ruminant milk is very important for health and commercial reasons. New analytical and cost-effective methods need to be developed to detect new adulteration practices. In this work, we aimed to explore the ability of the MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry to detect bovine milk in caprine and ovine milk using samples from 18 dairy farms. Different levels of adulteration (0.5, 1, 5, 10, 20, 40, 60, and 80%) were analyzed during the lactation period of goat and sheep (in May, from 60 to 90 d in milk, and in August, from 150 to 180 d in milk). Two different ranges of peptide-protein spectra (500-4,000 Da; 4-20 kDa) were used to establish a calibration model for predicting the concentration of adulterant using partial least squares and generalized linear model with lasso regularization. The low molecular weight part of the spectra together with the generalized linear model with lasso regularization regression model appeared to have greater potential for our aim of detection of adulteration of small ruminants' milk. The subsequent prediction model was able to predict the concentration of bovine milk in caprine milk with a root mean square error of 11.4 and 17.0% in ovine milk. The results offer compelling evidence that MALDI-TOF can detect the adulteration of small ruminants' milk. However, the method is severely limited by (1) the complexity of the milk proteome resulting from the adulteration technique, (2) the potential degradation of thermolabile proteins, and (3) the genetic variability of tested samples. Additionally, the root mean square error of prediction based only on one individual sample adulteration series can drop down to 6.34% for quantification of adulterated caprine milk and 6.28% for adulterated ovine milk for the full set of concentrations or down to 2.33 and 4.00%, respectively, if we restrict only to low concentrations of adulteration (0, 0.5, 1, 5, 10%).

• Klíčová slova
• adulteration, caprine milk, detection of bovine milk, ovine milk,
• MeSH
• kontaminace potravin analýza   MeSH
• kozy * MeSH
• mléko * chemie   MeSH
• ovce MeSH
• spektrometrie hmotnostní - ionizace laserem za účasti matrice metody   veterinární   MeSH
• technologie MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

In a return to tradition, the popularity of caprine milk is on the rise. However, particularly in countries with developed dairy industries based on bovine milk, there is the risk of adulteration with bovine milk, which is a cheaper alternative. Thus, a rapid, robust, and simple method for the detection of bovine milk added to caprine milk is necessary, and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy appears to provide a solution. A matrix of 115 pure and artificially adulterated pasteurized milk samples was prepared and used to discover biomarkers of bovine milk that are independent of chemical and biological variation caused by factors such as genetics, diet, or seasonality. Principal component analysis and orthogonal projections to latent structures discriminant analysis of pure bovine milk and pure caprine milk revealed spectral features that were assigned to the resonances of 4 molecules. Of these, the peaks corresponding to protons in the N-acetylglucosamine and N-acetylgalactosamine acetyl moieties showed significant applicability for our method. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was used to evaluate the performance of the peak integrals as biomarkers of adulteration. This approach was able to distinguish caprine milk adulterated with 5% of bovine milk with 84.78% accuracy and with 10% of bovine milk an excellent 95.65% accuracy. This study demonstrates that N-acetyl carbohydrates could be used as biomarkers for the detection of bovine milk in caprine milk and could help in protecting caprine milk authenticity.

• Klíčová slova
• biomarker, caprine milk, food authenticity, nuclear magnetic resonance,
• MeSH
• biologické markery MeSH
• kontaminace potravin analýza   MeSH
• kozy * MeSH
• magnetická rezonanční spektroskopie MeSH
• mléko * MeSH
• protony MeSH
• sacharidy MeSH
• skot MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• skot MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• biologické markery MeSH
• protony MeSH
• sacharidy MeSH

Three strains of regular, long, Gram-stain-positive bacterial rods were isolated using TPY, M.R.S. and Rogosa agar under anaerobic conditions from the digestive tract of wild mice (Mus musculus). All 16S rRNA gene sequences of these isolates were most similar to sequences of Lactobacillus gasseri ATCC 33323T and Lactobacillus johnsonii ATCC 33200T (97.3% and 97.2% sequence similarities, respectively). The novel strains shared 99.2-99.6% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities. Type strains of L. gasseri and L. johnsonii were also most related to the newly isolated strains according to rpoA (83.9-84.0% similarities), pheS (84.6-87.8%), atpA (86.2-87.7%), hsp60 (89.4-90.4%) and tuf (92.7-93.6%) gene sequence similarities. Phylogenetic studies based on 16S rRNA, hsp60, rpoA, atpA and pheS gene sequences, other genotypic and many phenotypic characteristics (results of API 50 CHL, Rapid ID 32A and API ZYM biochemical tests; cellular fatty acid profiles; cellular polar lipid profiles; end products of glucose fermentation) showed that these bacterial strains represent a novel species within the genus Lactobacillus. The name Lactobacillus rodentium sp. nov. is proposed to accommodate this group of new isolates. The type strain is MYMRS/TLU1T (=DSM 24759T=CCM 7945T).

• MeSH
• bakteriální geny MeSH
• DNA bakterií genetika   MeSH
• fermentace MeSH
• fylogeneze * MeSH
• hybridizace nukleových kyselin MeSH
• Lactobacillus klasifikace   genetika   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• mastné kyseliny chemie   MeSH
• molekulární sekvence - údaje MeSH
• myši mikrobiologie   MeSH
• peptidoglykan chemie   MeSH
• rektum mikrobiologie   MeSH
• RNA ribozomální 16S genetika   MeSH
• sekvenční analýza DNA MeSH
• techniky typizace bakterií MeSH
• tenké střevo mikrobiologie   MeSH
• zastoupení bazí MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• myši mikrobiologie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH
• Názvy látek
• DNA bakterií MeSH
• mastné kyseliny MeSH
• peptidoglykan MeSH
• RNA ribozomální 16S MeSH

Three unknown Gram-stain-positive, catalase-negative, facultatively anaerobic and coccus-shaped strains of bacteria were isolated from the digestive tracts of wasps (Vespula vulgaris). Analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that these strains had identical sequences and showed that Vagococcus salmoninarum, with 96.2% sequence similarity, was the closest phylogenetic neighbour. Further analyses based on hsp60 and pheS gene sequences of representatives of the family Enteroccocaceae and genotypic and phenotypic characterization using (GTG)5-PCR fingerprintings, EcoRI ribotyping, DNA G+C content, whole-cell protein profiling, cellular fatty acid profiles analysis and extensive biotyping confirmed that the investigated strains were representatives of a novel bacterial species within the genus Vagoccocus for which the name Vagoccocus entomophilus sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is VOSTP2(T) ( = DSM 24756(T) = CCM 7946(T)).

• MeSH
• bakteriální geny MeSH
• DNA bakterií genetika   MeSH
• Enterococcaceae klasifikace   genetika   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• fylogeneze * MeSH
• gastrointestinální trakt mikrobiologie   MeSH
• mastné kyseliny chemie   MeSH
• molekulární sekvence - údaje MeSH
• peptidoglykan chemie   MeSH
• RNA ribozomální 16S genetika   MeSH
• sekvenční analýza DNA MeSH
• sršňovití mikrobiologie   MeSH
• techniky typizace bakterií MeSH
• zastoupení bazí MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• DNA bakterií MeSH
• mastné kyseliny MeSH
• peptidoglykan MeSH
• RNA ribozomální 16S MeSH

A novel bacterial strain, designated M8(T), was isolated from milk of a female macaque bred in captivity. The strain was Gram-stain-positive, anaerobic, irregular coccoid-rod-shaped without catalase activity. Analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity revealed that the isolate was most closely related to Alloscardovia omnicolens CCUG 31649(T) (96.4%) and Metascardovia criceti OMB105(T) (96.6%). Sequences of hsp60, fusA, and xfp genes also confirmed that the strain was most closely related to the type strains of A. omnicolens and M. criceti. The isolate produced fructose-6-phosphate phosphoketolase which is in agreement with classification within the family Bifidobacteriaceae. The major fatty acids were C18 : 1ω9c (35.8%), C16 : 1 (6.2 %) and C14 : 0 (5.7 %). Polar lipid analysis revealed five different glycolipids, two unidentified phospholipids and diphosphatidylglycerol. The peptidoglycan was of the type A4α l-Lys-d-Asp with the presence of d(l)-alanine, d-glutamine, d-asparagine and l-lysine. The DNA G+C content of strain M8(T) was 50.1 mol%. On the basis of genetic, phylogenetic and phenotypic data, strain M8(T) represents a novel species of the genus Alloscardovia for which the name Alloscardovia macacae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is M8(T) ( = DSM 24762(T) = CCM 7944(T)). In addition, our results also revealed that Alloscardovia omnicolens DSM 21503(T) and Metascardovia criceti DSM 17774(T) do not belong to different genera within the family Bifidobacteriaceae. We therefore propose to reclassify Metascardovia criceti as Alloscardovia criceti comb. nov. An emended description of the genus Alloscardovia is also provided.

• MeSH
• Actinobacteria klasifikace   genetika   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• aldehydlyasy metabolismus   MeSH
• bakteriální geny MeSH
• DNA bakterií genetika   MeSH
• fosfolipidy chemie   MeSH
• fylogeneze * MeSH
• Macaca mulatta mikrobiologie   MeSH
• mastné kyseliny chemie   MeSH
• mléko mikrobiologie   MeSH
• molekulární sekvence - údaje MeSH
• multilokusová sekvenční typizace MeSH
• peptidoglykan chemie   MeSH
• RNA ribozomální 16S genetika   MeSH
• sacharidy chemie   MeSH
• sekvenční analýza DNA MeSH
• techniky typizace bakterií MeSH
• zastoupení bazí MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• aldehydlyasy MeSH
• DNA bakterií MeSH
• fosfolipidy MeSH
• fructose-6-phosphate phosphoketolase MeSH Prohlížeč
• mastné kyseliny MeSH
• peptidoglykan MeSH
• RNA ribozomální 16S MeSH
• sacharidy MeSH

The taxonomic position of Bifidobacterium stercoris Eg1(T) ( = JCM 15918(T)) based on comparative 16S rRNA gene and hsp60 sequence analyses was found to be controversial, as the strain showed high similarity to the type strain of Bifidobacterium adolescentis, CCUG 18363(T). Therefore, the relationship between the two species was investigated by a taxonomic study that included, in addition to re-evaluation of the 16S rRNA gene sequence, determination of DNA-DNA binding and multilocus sequence analysis (MLSA) of housekeeping genes encoding the DNA-directed RNA polymerase B subunit (rpoC), putative xylulose-5-phosphate/fructose-6-phosphate phosphoketolase (xfp), elongation factor EF-G (fusA), 50S ribosomal protein L2 (rplB) and DNA gyrase B subunit (gyrB). Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed relatively high similarity (98.9 %) between B. stercoris KCTC 5756(T) and B. adolescentis ATCC 15703(T). MLSA revealed close relatedness between B. stercoris KCTC 5756(T) and B. adolescentis CCUG 18363(T), with 99.3-100 % similarity between the rpoC, xfp, fusA, rplB and gyrB gene sequences. In addition, relatively high dnaJ1 gene sequence similarity of 97.7 % was found between the strains. Similar phenotypes and a high DNA-DNA binding value (78.9 %) confirmed that B. stercoris and B. adolescentis are synonymous. Based on these results, it is proposed that the species Bifidobacterium stercoris Kim et al. 2010 should be reclassified as a later heterotypic synonym of Bifidobacterium adolescentis Reuter 1963 (Approved Lists 1980).

• MeSH
• aldehydlyasy genetika   MeSH
• Bifidobacterium klasifikace   genetika   MeSH
• DNA bakterií genetika   MeSH
• DNA gyráza genetika   MeSH
• DNA řízené RNA-polymerasy genetika   MeSH
• elongační faktor G genetika   MeSH
• fenotyp MeSH
• fylogeneze * MeSH
• hybridizace nukleových kyselin MeSH
• molekulární sekvence - údaje MeSH
• multilokusová sekvenční typizace MeSH
• ribozomální proteiny genetika   MeSH
• RNA ribozomální 16S genetika   MeSH
• sekvenční analýza DNA MeSH
• techniky typizace bakterií MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• aldehydlyasy MeSH
• beta' subunit of RNA polymerase MeSH Prohlížeč
• DNA bakterií MeSH
• DNA gyráza MeSH
• DNA řízené RNA-polymerasy MeSH
• elongační faktor G MeSH
• fructose-6-phosphate phosphoketolase MeSH Prohlížeč
• ribosomal protein L2 MeSH Prohlížeč
• ribozomální proteiny MeSH
• RNA ribozomální 16S MeSH

Seventeen fructose-6-phosphate phosphoketolase-positive bacterial strains were isolated from the digestive tract of wild pigs (Sus scrofa). Most of them were identified as Bifidobacterium boum according to sequences of 16S rRNA gene. Two strains isolated from the small intestine content had unusual morphology of cells in comparison with bifidobacteria. Cells growing in liquid anaerobic media were regular shaped rods arranged mostly in pairs. These isolates showed relatively low 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities (maximum identity of 94%) to members of the family Bifidobacteriaceae. Nevertheless, phylogenetic analyses of 16S rRNA, hsp60 and xfp gene sequences revealed that these strains are more related to recently described Neoscardovia, Aeriscardovia and other scardovial genera, than to Bifidobacterium species. Partial gene sequences of other phylogenetic markers showed low (65.8-89.5%) similarities to genome sequences of bifidobacteria and Gardnerella vaginalis. The major fatty acids detected in cells of the representative strain DPTE4(T) were C(16:0), C(18:1), C(14:0). The peptidoglycan type of the DPTE4(T) strain was A3βl-Orn(l-Lys)-l-Ser(l-Ala)-l-Ala(2). Polar lipid analysis revealed two phosphoglycolipids and phospholipids, a glycolipid and diphosphatidylglycerol. The results of phylogenetic, genotypic and phenotypic analyses support the proposal of a novel taxa, Pseudoscardovia suis gen. nov., sp. nov. (type strain=DPTE4(T)=DSM 24744(T)=CCM 7942(T)).

• MeSH
• Actinobacteria chemie   klasifikace   genetika   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• bakteriální proteiny genetika   MeSH
• DNA bakterií chemie   genetika   MeSH
• fosfolipidy analýza   MeSH
• fylogeneze MeSH
• gastrointestinální trakt mikrobiologie   MeSH
• mastné kyseliny analýza   MeSH
• molekulární sekvence - údaje MeSH
• peptidoglykan chemie   MeSH
• ribozomální DNA chemie   genetika   MeSH
• RNA ribozomální 16S genetika   MeSH
• sekvenční analýza DNA MeSH
• shluková analýza MeSH
• Sus scrofa MeSH
• techniky typizace bakterií MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• bakteriální proteiny MeSH
• DNA bakterií MeSH
• fosfolipidy MeSH
• mastné kyseliny MeSH
• peptidoglykan MeSH
• ribozomální DNA MeSH
• RNA ribozomální 16S MeSH

Our previous study, based primarily on PCR-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis and 16S rRNA gene sequencing, focused on the isolation of four bifidobacterial groups from the digestive tract of three bumblebee species. In that study, we proposed that these isolated groups potentially represented novel species of the family Bifidobacteriaceae. One of the four, Bifidobacterium bombi, has been described recently. Strains representing two of the other groups have been classified as members of the genus Bifidobacterium on the basis of positive results for fructose-6-phosphate phosphoketolase activity and analysis of partial 16S rRNA and heat-shock protein 60 (hsp60) gene sequences. Analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities revealed that the isolates of the first group were affiliated to Bifidobacterium asteroides YIT 11866(T), B. indicum JCM 1302(T) and B. coryneforme ATCC 25911(T) (96.2, 96.0 and 95.9 % sequence similarity, respectively), together with other bifidobacteria showing lower sequence similarity. Additional representatives of the second group were found to be affiliated to Bifidobacterium minimum YIT 4097(T) and B. coryneforme ATCC 25911(T) (96.0 and 96.3 % sequence similarity) and also to other bifidobacteria with lower sequence similarity. These results indicate that the isolates of the two groups belong to novel species within the genus Bifidobacterium. This observation was further substantiated by the results of partial sequencing of hsp60. On the basis of phylogenetic and phenotypic analyses and analysis of 16S rRNA and partial hsp60 gene sequences, we propose two novel species, Bifidobacterium actinocoloniiforme sp. nov. (type strain LISLUCIII-P2(T) = DSM 22766(T) = CCM 7728(T)) and Bifidobacterium bohemicum sp. nov. (type strain JEMLUCVIII-4(T) = DSM 22767(T) = CCM 7729(T)).

• MeSH
• aldehydlyasy metabolismus   MeSH
• Bifidobacterium klasifikace   genetika   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• chaperon hsp60 genetika   MeSH
• DNA bakterií chemie   genetika   MeSH
• fylogeneze MeSH
• gastrointestinální trakt mikrobiologie   MeSH
• molekulární sekvence - údaje MeSH
• ribozomální DNA chemie   genetika   MeSH
• RNA ribozomální 16S genetika   MeSH
• sekvenční analýza DNA MeSH
• shluková analýza MeSH
• včely mikrobiologie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• aldehydlyasy MeSH
• chaperon hsp60 MeSH
• DNA bakterií MeSH
• fructose-6-phosphate phosphoketolase MeSH Prohlížeč
• ribozomální DNA MeSH
• RNA ribozomální 16S MeSH