Gut microbiota provides a wide range of beneficial function for the host and has an immense effect on the host's health state. It has also been shown that gut microbiome is often involved in the biotransformation of xenobiotics; however, the molecular mechanisms of the interaction between the gut bacteria and the metabolism of drugs by the host are still unclear. To investigate the effect of microbial colonization on messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of liver cytochromes P450 (CYPs), the main drug-metabolizing enzymes, we used germ-free (GF) mice, lacking the intestinal flora and mice monocolonized by non-pathogenic bacteria Lactobacillus plantarum NIZO2877 or probiotic bacteria Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 compared to specific pathogen-free (SPF) mice. Our results show that the mRNA expression of Cyp1a2 and Cyp2e1 was significantly increased, while the expression of Cyp3a11 mRNA was decreased under GF conditions compared to the SPF mice. The both bacteria L. plantarum NIZO2877 and E. coli Nissle 1917 given to the GF mice decreased the level of Cyp1a2 mRNA and normalized it to the control level. On the other hand, the colonization by these bacteria had no effect on the expression of Cyp3a11 mRNA in the liver of the GF mice (which remained decreased). Surprisingly, monocolonization with chosen bacterial strains has shown a different effect on the expression of Cyp2e1 mRNA in GF mice. Increased level of Cyp2e1 expression observed in the GF mice was found also in mice colonized by L. plantarum NIZO2877; however, the colonization with probiotic E. coli Nissle 1917 caused a decrease in Cyp2e1 expression and partially restored the SPF mice conditions.
- Klíčová slova
- Biotransformation Enzyme, Cyp2e1 Expression, Cyp3a11 mRNA, Intestinal Microbiota, Protease Inhibitor Cocktail Tablet,
- MeSH
- Escherichia coli genetika růst a vývoj metabolismus MeSH
- gnotobiologické modely MeSH
- játra enzymologie MeSH
- Lactobacillus genetika růst a vývoj metabolismus MeSH
- messenger RNA genetika metabolismus MeSH
- myši inbrední BALB C MeSH
- myši genetika mikrobiologie MeSH
- střevní mikroflóra * MeSH
- systém (enzymů) cytochromů P-450 genetika metabolismus MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- myši genetika mikrobiologie MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Názvy látek
- messenger RNA MeSH
- systém (enzymů) cytochromů P-450 MeSH
Three strains of regular, long, Gram-stain-positive bacterial rods were isolated using TPY, M.R.S. and Rogosa agar under anaerobic conditions from the digestive tract of wild mice (Mus musculus). All 16S rRNA gene sequences of these isolates were most similar to sequences of Lactobacillus gasseri ATCC 33323T and Lactobacillus johnsonii ATCC 33200T (97.3% and 97.2% sequence similarities, respectively). The novel strains shared 99.2-99.6% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities. Type strains of L. gasseri and L. johnsonii were also most related to the newly isolated strains according to rpoA (83.9-84.0% similarities), pheS (84.6-87.8%), atpA (86.2-87.7%), hsp60 (89.4-90.4%) and tuf (92.7-93.6%) gene sequence similarities. Phylogenetic studies based on 16S rRNA, hsp60, rpoA, atpA and pheS gene sequences, other genotypic and many phenotypic characteristics (results of API 50 CHL, Rapid ID 32A and API ZYM biochemical tests; cellular fatty acid profiles; cellular polar lipid profiles; end products of glucose fermentation) showed that these bacterial strains represent a novel species within the genus Lactobacillus. The name Lactobacillus rodentium sp. nov. is proposed to accommodate this group of new isolates. The type strain is MYMRS/TLU1T (=DSM 24759T=CCM 7945T).
- MeSH
- bakteriální geny MeSH
- DNA bakterií genetika MeSH
- fermentace MeSH
- fylogeneze * MeSH
- hybridizace nukleových kyselin MeSH
- Lactobacillus klasifikace genetika izolace a purifikace MeSH
- mastné kyseliny chemie MeSH
- molekulární sekvence - údaje MeSH
- myši mikrobiologie MeSH
- peptidoglykan chemie MeSH
- rektum mikrobiologie MeSH
- RNA ribozomální 16S genetika MeSH
- sekvenční analýza DNA MeSH
- techniky typizace bakterií MeSH
- tenké střevo mikrobiologie MeSH
- zastoupení bazí MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- myši mikrobiologie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
- Názvy látek
- DNA bakterií MeSH
- mastné kyseliny MeSH
- peptidoglykan MeSH
- RNA ribozomální 16S MeSH
AIM: Lawsonia intracellularis is an obligate intracellular bacterium causing proliferative enteropathy in certain species of domestic, laboratory and captive animals. The aim of our study was to detect L. intracellularis in free-living rodents from pig farms in the Czech Republic. METHODS AND RESULTS: Lawsonia intracellularis was demonstrated, using nested polymerase chain reaction, in the intestinal mucous membranes of 107 (36%) out of 296 small terrestrial mammals collected. In rodents, the bacterium was detected in 91 of 213 house mice, one of six brown rats, eight of 51 striped field mice, three of 12 yellow-necked mice and three of nine common voles. Moreover, one of one tested lesser white-toothed shrew (Insectivora) was positive. In 17 out of 69 (25%) rodents tested, serum IgG antibodies against L. intracellularis were detected using an indirect immunofluorescence antibody test. All seropositive animals were house mice. CONCLUSIONS: Free-living rodents may be serving as host or reservoir species and may be playing a role in the spread of L. intracellularis both within pig farms and in its transmission between farms and into the natural environment. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: This is the first detection of L. intracellularis in free-living small mammalian terrestrial species.
- MeSH
- Arvicolinae mikrobiologie MeSH
- DNA bakterií genetika MeSH
- hlodavci mikrobiologie MeSH
- imunoglobulin G krev MeSH
- krysa rodu Rattus mikrobiologie MeSH
- Lawsonia (bakterie) izolace a purifikace MeSH
- myši mikrobiologie MeSH
- polymerázová řetězová reakce metody MeSH
- protilátky bakteriální krev MeSH
- rejskovití mikrobiologie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- krysa rodu Rattus mikrobiologie MeSH
- myši mikrobiologie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
- Názvy látek
- DNA bakterií MeSH
- imunoglobulin G MeSH
- protilátky bakteriální MeSH
We report a novel application of calcein-acetomethyl ester in flow cytometry for rapid estimation of the number of G+-bacteria in rodent feces (Apodemus sylvaticus and Mus sp.f. muridae). We also use the combined application of flow cytometry and Syto-13 or Sypro Orange staining to count rapidly the total bacterial population and to describe bacterial subpopulations in the intestine.
- MeSH
- Bacteria klasifikace izolace a purifikace MeSH
- fluorescenční barviva MeSH
- Muridae mikrobiologie MeSH
- myši mikrobiologie MeSH
- organické látky MeSH
- počet mikrobiálních kolonií metody MeSH
- průtoková cytometrie metody MeSH
- střeva mikrobiologie MeSH
- techniky typizace bakterií MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- myši mikrobiologie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Názvy látek
- fluorescenční barviva MeSH
- organické látky MeSH
- SYTO 13 MeSH Prohlížeč
- MeSH
- Leptospira izolace a purifikace MeSH
- leptospiróza diagnóza MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- myši mikrobiologie MeSH
- nemoci z povolání diagnóza MeSH
- sérologické testy MeSH
- těžba uhlí * MeSH
- zdroje nemoci * MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- myši mikrobiologie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- anglický abstrakt MeSH
- časopisecké články MeSH
- kazuistiky MeSH
- MeSH
- Arvicolinae mikrobiologie MeSH
- druhová specificita MeSH
- myši mikrobiologie MeSH
- rejskovití mikrobiologie MeSH
- virus Yaba opic patogenita MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- myši mikrobiologie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Československo MeSH
Fifty white laboratory mice were planted in a microbiotope in which adiaspiromycosis has been detected in 52 Microtus arvalis during the last 10 years. Four of the white mice became infected with adiaspiromycosis. Serological tests revealed the infection in two mice exposed for 3 months. After 4 months' exposure, another two mice were found to be infected and the positive serological results were confirmed by microscopical examination which revealed adiaspores in their lungs. The infection was thus detected by serological methods sooner than by microscopical examination.
Experimental studies of infection of Apodemus flavicollis, and for comparison of rickettsiaemia in Clethrionomys glareolus and of susceptibility and antibody formation in white mice, with rickettsiae of the SF group isolated in Slovakia, gave the following results: The species A. flavicollis reacted by the formation of antibodies on subcutaneous administration of rickettsiae, strain B, in an amount of 10(0.5) EID50/0.25 ml, whereas the white mouse only in an amount of 10(2.5). Rickettsiae, strain B, administered in an amount of 10(3.5)EID50/0.25 ml subcutaneously to A. flavicollis were found in smears from the liver and spleen of the inoculated animals up to the 25th day following infection, on detection by the isolation test on chick embryo yolk sacs in the spleen on day 5 and 7, in lymph nodes on day 7 and in the brain on day 15 following infection; on detection by the method of injecting suspension from the organs into the haemocoelom fo ticks regularly in the spleen and liver up to the 10th day, in the brain, kidney and lymph nodes regularly up to the 15th and irregularly in the lungs also up to the 15 day, then regularly in the testes up to the 5th day and in the heart, blood and peritoneum up to the 3rd day after infection. Subcutaneous inoculation of rickettsial suspension in an amount of 10(5)EID50/0.25 ml into A. flavicollis and C. glareolus did not produce rickettsiaemia. However, rickettsiaemia was demonstrated in A. flavicollis on day 3 and 7, and in C. glareolus on day 1, 3, 5 and 7 following the bite by female D. marginatus ticks naturally infected by rickettsiae. A. flavicollis mice responded to oral infection by a suspension of rickettsiae, strain B, by the formation of specific antibodies. Subcutaneous administration of various amounts of rickettsiae, strain D, provoked in A. flavicollis and in white mice the formation of antibodies which in A. flavicollis persisted up to the 44th week following infection and reached the values up to greater than 1:1024 between the 2nd and 6th week, while in the white mice they persisted only up to the 12th week following infection and did not exceed the values of 1:256 in the course of the first 6 weeks. The results suggest that the species A. flavicollis will probably play an important role in the circulation of rickettsiae in nature.
- MeSH
- játra mikrobiologie MeSH
- ledviny mikrobiologie MeSH
- lymfatické uzliny mikrobiologie MeSH
- mozek mikrobiologie MeSH
- myši imunologie mikrobiologie MeSH
- protilátky bakteriální * MeSH
- Rickettsia rickettsii imunologie izolace a purifikace MeSH
- sepse MeSH
- slezina mikrobiologie MeSH
- tvorba protilátek * MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- myši imunologie mikrobiologie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Československo MeSH
- Názvy látek
- protilátky bakteriální * MeSH
