Arthrospira (Limnospira) maxima (A. maxima) and Chlorella vulgaris (Ch. vulgaris) are among the approved microalgae and cyanobacteria (MaC) in the food industry that are known to be safe for consumption. However, both organisms are controversial regarding their vitamin B12 content, due to the possible occurrence of pseudo-cobalamin. Concurrently, their nutrition profiles remain understudied. The main purpose of the present study was to identify their nutrition profiles, focusing mainly on vitamin B12, amino acids, and micronutrients under iron-induced hormesis (10 mg/L Fe in treated samples). Our findings indicate a higher B12 content in A. maxima compared to Ch. vulgaris (both control and treated samples). Using liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), the cyanocobalamin content was determined as 0.42 ± 0.09 μg/g dried weight (DW) in the A. maxima control and 0.55 ± 0.02 μg/g DW in treated A. maxima, resulting in an insignificant difference. In addition, the iron-enriched medium increased the amount of iron in both tested biomasses (p < 0.01). However, a more pronounced (approximately 100×) boost was observed in Ch. vulgaris, indicating a better absorption capacity (control Ch. vulgaris 0.16 ± 0.01 mg/g Fe, treated Ch. vulgaris 15.40 ± 0.34 mg/g Fe). Additionally, Ch. vulgaris also showed a higher micronutrient content. Using both tested microalgae, meeting the sufficient recommended daily mineral allowance for an adult is possible. By combining biomass from A. maxima and Ch. vulgaris in a ratio of 6:1, we can fulfill the recommended daily allowance of vitamin B12 and iron by consuming 6 tablets/6 g. Importantly, iron hormesis stimulated amino acid composition in both organisms. The profile of amino acids may suggest these biomasses as promising potential nutrition sources.
- Klíčová slova
- Amino acids, Anemia, Cobalamin, Cyanobacteria, Deficiency, Iron, Microalgae,
- MeSH
- aminokyseliny * metabolismus analýza MeSH
- Chlorella vulgaris * chemie metabolismus růst a vývoj MeSH
- mikrořasy chemie metabolismus růst a vývoj MeSH
- mikroživiny * analýza metabolismus MeSH
- nutriční hodnota MeSH
- Spirulina * chemie metabolismus MeSH
- tandemová hmotnostní spektrometrie MeSH
- vitamin B 12 * metabolismus analýza MeSH
- železo metabolismus analýza MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Názvy látek
- aminokyseliny * MeSH
- mikroživiny * MeSH
- vitamin B 12 * MeSH
- železo MeSH
Herby, the interaction of metallothioneins with commonly used Pt-based anticancer drugs - cisplatin, carboplatin, and oxaliplatin - was investigated using the combined power of elemental (i.e. LA-ICP-MS, CE-ICP-MS) and molecular (i.e. MALDI-TOF-MS) analytical techniques providing not only required information about the interaction, but also the benefit of low sample consumption. The amount of Cd and Pt incorporated within the protein was determined for protein monomers and dimer/oligomers formed by non-oxidative dimerization. Moreover, fluorescence spectrometry using Zn2+-selective fluorescent indicator - FluoZin3 - was employed to monitor the ability of Pt drugs to release natively occurring Zn from the protein molecule. The investigation was carried out using two protein isoforms (i.e. MT2, MT3), and significant differences in behaviour of these two isoforms were observed. The main attention was paid to elucidating whether the protein dimerization/oligomerization may be the reason for the potential failure of the anticancer therapy based on these drugs. Based on the results, it was demonstrated that the interaction of MT2 (both monomers and dimers) interacted with Pt drugs significantly less compared to MT3 (both monomers and dimers). Also, a significant difference between monomeric and dimeric forms (both MT2 and MT3) was not observed. This may suggest that dimer formation is not the key factor leading to the inactivation of Pt drugs.
- Klíčová slova
- Dimers, Inductively coupled plasma, Laser ablation, Mass spectrometry, Metal ions,
- MeSH
- antitumorózní látky farmakologie chemie MeSH
- cisplatina farmakologie MeSH
- cytostatické látky farmakologie chemie MeSH
- fluorescenční spektrometrie * metody MeSH
- hmotnostní spektrometrie metody MeSH
- karboplatina farmakologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- metalothionein 3 MeSH
- metalothionein * metabolismus chemie MeSH
- organoplatinové sloučeniny farmakologie chemie MeSH
- oxaliplatin farmakologie MeSH
- platina chemie MeSH
- spektrometrie hmotnostní - ionizace laserem za účasti matrice * metody MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Názvy látek
- antitumorózní látky MeSH
- cisplatina MeSH
- cytostatické látky MeSH
- karboplatina MeSH
- metalothionein 3 MeSH
- metalothionein * MeSH
- organoplatinové sloučeniny MeSH
- oxaliplatin MeSH
- platina MeSH
Paper-based analysis has captivated scientists' attention in the field of analytical chemistry and related areas for the last two decades. Arguably no other area of modern chemical analysis is so broad and diverse in its approaches spanning from simple 'low-tech' low-cost paper-based analytical devices (PADs) requiring no or simple instrumentation, to sophisticated PADs and microfluidic paper-based analytical devices (μPADs) featuring elements of modern material science and nanomaterials affording high selectivity and sensitivity. Correspondingly diverse is the applicability, covering resource-limited scenarios on the one hand and most advanced approaches on the other. Herein we offer a view reflecting this diversity in the approaches and types of devices. The core idea of this article rests in dividing μPADs according to their type into two groups: A) instrumentation-free μPADs for resource-limited scenarios or developing countries and B) instrumentation-based μPADs as futuristic POC devices for e-diagnostics mainly aimed at developed countries. Each of those two groups is presented and discussed with the view of the main requirements in the given area, the most common targets, sample types and suitable detection approaches either implementing high-tech elements or low-tech low-cost approaches. Finally, a socioeconomic perspective is offered in discussing the fabrication and operational costs of μPADs, and, future perspectives are offered.
- Klíčová slova
- Developing countries, High-tech, Instrumentation-free devices, Low-cost, Microfluidic paper-based analytical devices (μPADs), Paper-based analytical devices (PADs),
- MeSH
- laboratoř na čipu MeSH
- mikrofluidní analytické techniky * MeSH
- papír MeSH
- point of care testing MeSH
- rozvojové země MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
UV-induced fingerprint spectroscopy (UV-IFS), a new tool in a toolbox of analytical methods, is a powerful technique registering molecule-specific changes of fluorescence induced by UV irradiation. Analysis of fluorescence spectra of a sample prior and after UV irradiation enables an identification of a sample of a drug or pharmaceutics based on a comparison with signals of known standards. Moreover, UV-IFS uncovers the presence of undesired contaminations or intentional changes of the composition. Herein, we employ UV-IFS for qualitative as well as quantitative analysis of common medicines including analgesic/antipyretic (Acetaminophen), antihistamines (Loratadine and Desloratadine), and phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors (Tadalafil and Sildenafil citrate). UV irradiation (λem = 254 nm) for 2 - 10 min induced significant changes of fluorescence of the studied samples and according to the unique patterns, the quality and quantity were evaluated. Limits of detection for individual active ingredients were calculated as follows: Acetaminophen = 0.1 µg·mL-1, Loratadine = 0.1 μg·mL-1, Desloratadine = 0.01 µg·mL-1, Tadalafil = 0.04 µg·mL-1 and Sildenafil = 0.2 µg·mL-1. Moreover, genuine and fake CIALIS, VIAGRA and KAMAGRA tablets were reliably identified.
- Klíčová slova
- Counterfeiting, Fingerprint, Irradiation, Medicines, Photochemistry,
- MeSH
- loratadin * MeSH
- paracetamol * MeSH
- sildenafil citrát MeSH
- spektrální analýza MeSH
- tablety MeSH
- tadalafil MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Názvy látek
- desloratadine MeSH Prohlížeč
- loratadin * MeSH
- paracetamol * MeSH
- sildenafil citrát MeSH
- tablety MeSH
- tadalafil MeSH
In this proof-of-concept study, we explore the detection of pesticides in food using a combined power of sensitive UV-induced fingerprint spectroscopy with selective capture by molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) and portable cost-effective paper-based analytical devices (PADs). The specific pesticides used herein as model compounds (both pure substances and their application products for spraying), were: strobilurins (i.e. trifloxystrobin), urea pesticides (rimsulfuron), pyrethroids (cypermethrine) and aryloxyphenoxyproponic acid herbicides (Haloxyfop-methyl). Commercially available spraying formulations containing the selected pesticides were positively identified by MIP-PADs swabs of sprayed apple and tomato. The key properties of MIP layer - imprinting factor (IF) and selectivity factor (α) were characterized using trifloxystrobin (IF-3.5, α-4.4) was demonstrated as a potential option for in-field application. The presented method may provide effective help with in-field testing of food and reveal problems such as false product labelling.
- Klíčová slova
- Fingerprint, Molecularly imprinted polymers, Pesticides, Photochemistry, UV-induced fluorescence fingerprinting,
- MeSH
- fluorescenční spektrometrie MeSH
- molekulárně imprintované polymery MeSH
- molekulový imprinting * MeSH
- pesticidy * analýza MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Názvy látek
- molekulárně imprintované polymery MeSH
- pesticidy * MeSH
Quantum dots (QDs) are usually seen as artificial semiconductor particles exhibiting optical and electronic properties interesting for nanotechnological applications. However, they may also play a role in prebiotic chemistry. Starting from zinc acetate, cadmium acetate, and mercaptosuccinic acid, we demonstrate the formation of ZnCd QDs upon UV irradiation in prebiotic liquid formamide. We show that ZnCd QDs are able to increase the yield of RNA nucleobase synthesis from formamide up to 300 times, suggesting they might have served as universal catalysts in a primordial milieu. Based on the experimentally observed peroxidase-like activity of ZnCd QDs upon irradiation with visible light, we propose that QDs could be relevant to a broad variety of processes relating to the emergence of terrestrial life.
- Klíčová slova
- Formamide, Metal ions, Nanoparticle world, Nanozymes, Origin of life, Thiols, UV-induced nanoparticles,
- MeSH
- formamidy MeSH
- horké prameny * MeSH
- katalýza MeSH
- kvantové tečky * chemie MeSH
- peroxidasa MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Názvy látek
- formamidy MeSH
- peroxidasa MeSH
Here we developed a powerful tool for comprehensive data collection and mapping of molecular and elemental signatures in the Melanoma-bearing Libechov Minipig (MeLiM) model. The combination of different mass spectrometric methods allowed for detail investigation of specific melanoma markers and elements and their spatial distribution in tissue sections. MALDI-MSI combined with HPLC-MS/MS analyses resulted in identification of seven specific proteins, S100A12, CD163, MMP-2, galectin-1, tenascin, resistin and PCNA that were presented in the melanoma signatures. Furthermore, the ICP-MS method allowed for spatial detection of zinc, calcium, copper, and iron elements linked with the allocation of the specific binding proteins.
- Klíčová slova
- Mass spectrometry, MeLiM, Melanoma,
- MeSH
- melanom * metabolismus MeSH
- miniaturní prasata MeSH
- prasata MeSH
- proteiny MeSH
- spektrometrie hmotnostní - ionizace laserem za účasti matrice metody MeSH
- tandemová hmotnostní spektrometrie * MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Názvy látek
- proteiny MeSH
Here, we present the potential analytical applications of photochemistry in combination with fluorescence fingerprinting. Our approach analyzes the fluorescence of samples after ultraviolet light (UV) treatment. Especially in presence of metal ions and thiol-containing compounds, the fluorescence behavior changes considerably. The UV-induced reactions (changes) are unique to a given sample composition, resulting in distinct patterns or fingerprints (typically in the 230-600 nm spectral region). This method works without the need for additional chemicals or fluorescent probes, only suitable diluent must be used. The proposed method (UV fingerprinting) suggests the option of recognizing various types of pharmaceuticals, beverages (juices and wines), and other samples within only a few minutes. In some studied samples (e.g. pharmaceuticals), significant changes in fluorescence characteristics (mainly fluorescence intensity) were observed. We believe that the fingerprinting technique can provide an innovative solution for analytical detection.
- Klíčová slova
- Adulteration, Fingerprinting, Fluorescence spectroscopy, Light-driven reactions, Quality control, Single-cell analysis, UV irradiation,
- MeSH
- fluorescenční barviva * MeSH
- ionty MeSH
- kovy MeSH
- spektrální analýza MeSH
- ultrafialové záření * MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Názvy látek
- fluorescenční barviva * MeSH
- ionty MeSH
- kovy MeSH
Blood is a complex biological matrix providing valuable information on nutritional, metabolic, and immune status. The detection of blood biomarkers requires sensitive analytical methods because analytes are at very low concentrations. Peripheral blood monocytes play a crucial role in inflammatory processes, and the metabolites released by monocytes during these processes might serve as important signalling molecules and biomarkers of particular physiological states. Headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) combined with two different mass spectrometric platforms, two-dimensional (2D) gas chromatography coupled to time-of-flight mass spectrometry (2D-GC/TOF-MS) and one-dimensional gas chromatography coupled to Orbitrap mass spectrometry (GC/Orbitrap-MS), were applied for the investigation of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) produced by human peripheral blood monocytes. An optimized method was subsequently applied for the characterization of changes in VOCs induced by lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and zymosan (ZYM) stimulation. Overall, the 2D-GC/TOF-MS and the 1D-GC/Orbitrap-MS analyses each yielded about 4000 and 400 peaks per sample, respectively. In total, 91 VOCs belonging to eight different chemical classes were identified. The samples were collected in two fractions, conditioned media for monitoring extracellularly secreted molecules and cell pellet samples to determine the intracellular composition of VOCs. Alcohols, ketones, and hydrocarbons were the main chemical classes of the metabolic profile identified in cell fractions. Aldehydes, acids and cyclic compounds were characteristic of the conditioned media fraction. Here we demonstrate that HS-SPME-2D-GC/TOF-MS is more suitable for the identification of specific VOC profiles produced by human monocytes than 1D-GC/Orbitrap-MS. We define the signature of VOCs occurring early after monocyte activation and characterise the signalling compounds released by immune cells into media.
- Klíčová slova
- 2D gas chromatography, Biomarker, GCxGC-TOF-MS, Monocytes, SPME, Volatile organic compounds,
- MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mikroextrakce na pevné fázi MeSH
- monocyty metabolismus MeSH
- plynová chromatografie s hmotnostně spektrometrickou detekcí metody MeSH
- reprodukovatelnost výsledků MeSH
- těkavé organické sloučeniny * analýza izolace a purifikace metabolismus MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Názvy látek
- těkavé organické sloučeniny * MeSH
In this work, we explored a new approach to a simple and sensitive fluorescence detection of thiols. The approach takes advantage of an in-situ formation of UV light-induced fluorescent nanoparticles (ZnCd/S quantum dots), while utilizing the thiol group of the analyte as a capping agent. The selectivity is ensured by the selective isolation of the thiol analyte by a polydopamine molecularly imprinted polymeric (MIP) layer. Based on this approach, a method for determination of thiols was designed. Key experimental parameters were optimized, including those of molecular imprinting and of effective model thiol molecule (L-cysteine) isolation. The relationship between the fluorescence intensity of ZnCd/S quantum dots and the concentration of L-cysteine in the range of 12-150 µg/mL was linear with a detection limit of 3.6 µg/mL. The molecularly imprinted polymer showed high absorption mass capacity (1.73 mg/g) and an excellent selectivity factor for L-cysteine compared to N-acetyl-L-cysteine and L-homocysteine of 63.56 and 87.48, respectively. The proposed method was applied for L-cysteine determination in human urine with satisfactory results. Due to a high variability of molecular imprinting technology and versatility of in-situ probe formation, methods based on this approach can be easily adopted for analysis of any thiol of interest.
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
