Mucus production is initiated before birth and provides mucin glycans to the infant gut microbiota. Bifidobacteria are the major bacterial group in the feces of vaginally delivered and breast milk-fed infants. Among the bifidobacteria, only Bifidobacterium bifidum is able to degrade mucin and to release monosaccharides which can be used by other gut microbes colonizing the infant gut. Eubacterium hallii is an early occurring commensal that produces butyrate and propionate from fermentation metabolites but that cannot degrade complex oligo- and polysaccharides. We aimed to demonstrate that mucin cross-feeding initiated by B. bifidum enables growth and metabolite formation of E. hallii leading to short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) formation. Growth and metabolite formation of co-cultures of B. bifidum, of Bifidobacterium breve or Bifidobacterium infantis, which use mucin-derived hexoses and fucose, and of E. hallii were determined. Growth of E. hallii in the presence of lactose and mucin monosaccharides was tested. In co-culture fermentations, the presence of B. bifidum enabled growth of the other strains. B. bifidum/B. infantis co-cultures yielded acetate, formate, and lactate while co-cultures of B. bifidum and E. hallii formed acetate, formate, and butyrate. In three-strain co-cultures, B. bifidum, E. hallii, and B. breve or B. infantis produced up to 16 mM acetate, 5 mM formate, and 4 mM butyrate. The formation of propionate (approximately 1 mM) indicated cross-feeding on fucose. Lactose, galactose, and GlcNAc were identified as substrates of E. hallii. This study shows that trophic interactions of bifidobacteria and E. hallii lead to the formation of acetate, butyrate, propionate, and formate, potentially contributing to intestinal SCFA formation with potential benefits for the host and for microbial colonization of the infant gut. The ratios of SCFA formed differed depending on the microbial species involved in mucin cross-feeding.
- Klíčová slova
- Bifidobacterium, Cross-feeding, Eubacterium hallii, Mucin, Propionate,
- MeSH
- Bifidobacterium růst a vývoj izolace a purifikace metabolismus MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- Eubacterium růst a vývoj izolace a purifikace metabolismus MeSH
- feces mikrobiologie MeSH
- fermentace MeSH
- kojenec MeSH
- kojení MeSH
- kyseliny mastné těkavé metabolismus MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- muciny metabolismus MeSH
- střeva mikrobiologie MeSH
- střevní mikroflóra MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- kojenec MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Názvy látek
- kyseliny mastné těkavé MeSH
- muciny MeSH
The main representatives of bacteria in the human colon were investigated by specific PCR and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE). Prevalent in both cases were species of Bifidobacterium, Clostridium, Bacteroides, Faecalibacterium and Eubacterium. Simultaneously, cellulolytic bacteria were isolated from the human feces. The largest proportion was represented by ruminococcus-like isolates. Their presence was confirmed both by PCR and DGGE methods; the latter one was able to give more comprehensive data about the composition of bacterial population in the human colon chyme.
- MeSH
- Bacteria klasifikace genetika izolace a purifikace metabolismus MeSH
- Bacteroides klasifikace genetika izolace a purifikace metabolismus MeSH
- Bifidobacterium klasifikace genetika izolace a purifikace metabolismus MeSH
- celulasa biosyntéza MeSH
- celulosa metabolismus MeSH
- Clostridium klasifikace genetika izolace a purifikace metabolismus MeSH
- DNA bakterií analýza izolace a purifikace MeSH
- DNA fingerprinting MeSH
- elektroforéza v polyakrylamidovém gelu metody MeSH
- Eubacterium klasifikace genetika izolace a purifikace metabolismus MeSH
- geny rRNA genetika MeSH
- kolon mikrobiologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- polymerázová řetězová reakce MeSH
- ribozomální DNA analýza izolace a purifikace MeSH
- RNA ribozomální 16S genetika MeSH
- Ruminococcus klasifikace genetika izolace a purifikace metabolismus MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Názvy látek
- celulasa MeSH
- celulosa MeSH
- DNA bakterií MeSH
- ribozomální DNA MeSH
- RNA ribozomální 16S MeSH
The degradation and fermentation of microcrystalline cellulose were studied in monoculture of the polycentric anaerobic fungus Orpinomyces joyonii and in co-cultures with the rumen bacteria Megasphaera elsdenii and Eubacterium limosum. More than 25% of cellulose hydrolysis products (glucose and cellodextrins) were released by the fungus into the medium after 8 d of cultivation. These products were metabolized by bacteria in mixed cultures. In co-culture with the fungus M. elsdenii and E. limosum increased the extent of microcrystalline cellulose degradation by 10.12% and 7.96%, respectively. Biomass yield in co-cultures was increased by 89.9% and 59.4% for M. elsdenii and E. limosum. Y cellulose for fungus alone was 52.29 g dry matter mol-1 glucose. These values were 64.93 and 55.92 g mol-1 glucose unit in co-culture with M. elsdenii and E. limosum, respectively.
- MeSH
- anaerobióza MeSH
- bachor mikrobiologie MeSH
- biomasa MeSH
- celulosa analogy a deriváty metabolismus MeSH
- dextriny metabolismus MeSH
- ethanol metabolismus MeSH
- Eubacterium metabolismus MeSH
- fermentace * MeSH
- glukosa metabolismus MeSH
- gramnegativní anaerobní koky metabolismus MeSH
- houby metabolismus MeSH
- kyseliny karboxylové metabolismus MeSH
- oxid uhličitý metabolismus MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- srovnávací studie MeSH
- Názvy látek
- cellodextrin MeSH Prohlížeč
- celulosa MeSH
- dextriny MeSH
- ethanol MeSH
- glukosa MeSH
- kyseliny karboxylové MeSH
- oxid uhličitý MeSH
Extremely thermophilic bacterium Calderobacterium hydrogenophilum contains DNA-dependent RNA polymerase with unusual properties. Purified enzyme is thermoresistant (40 min at 100 degrees C) and exhibits similar subunit composition as eubacterial RNA polymerases (e.g. Escherichia coli). However, the enzyme is not susceptible to antibiotics which inhibit eubacterial RNA polymerases (rifampicin and streptolydigin). The activity of the enzyme is inhibited by actinomycin D, daunomycin and heparin.
- MeSH
- chromatografie afinitní metody MeSH
- DNA řízené RNA-polymerasy izolace a purifikace metabolismus MeSH
- elektroforéza v polyakrylamidovém gelu MeSH
- Eubacterium enzymologie MeSH
- genetické matrice MeSH
- kinetika MeSH
- molekulová hmotnost MeSH
- oxidace-redukce MeSH
- plazmidy MeSH
- stabilita enzymů MeSH
- vodík metabolismus MeSH
- vysoká teplota MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Názvy látek
- DNA řízené RNA-polymerasy MeSH
- vodík MeSH
