High-intensity interval training (HIIT) is considered an effective therapy strategy for improving chronic pain associated with osteoarthritis (OA). Perineuronal nets (PNNs) are specialized extracellular matrix structures in the cerebral cortex that play a crucial role in regulating chronic pain. However, little is unknown whether HIIT could alleviate OA pain sensitization by reducing PNN levels. This study aimed to determine whether HIIT could reduce sensitivity of the affected joint(s) to pain in a chronic pain model in rats with OA. A rat model of interest was induced by intra-articular injection of monosodium iodoacetate (MIA) into the right knee. Thereafter, the mechanical withdrawal thresholds (MWTs) and PNN levels in the contralateral medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) were measured in rats in the presence or absence of HIIT alone or in combination with injection of chondroitinase-ABC (ChABC) into the contralateral mPFC (inducing the degradation of PNNs), respectively. Results indicated that rats with OA exhibited significant reductions in MWTs, but a significant increase in the PNN levels; that HIIT reversed changes in MWTs and PNN levels in rats with OA, and that pretreatment of ChABC abolished effects of HIIT on MWTs, with PNN levels not changed. We concluded that pain sensitization in rats with OA may correlate with an increase in PNN levels in the mPFC, and that HIIT may increases OA pain-sensitive threshold by reduction of the PNN levels in the mPFC. Keywords: Osteoarthritis, Chronic pain, Pain sensitization, High-intensity interval training, Perineuronal nets.
- MeSH
- chronická bolest terapie patofyziologie MeSH
- extracelulární matrix metabolismus MeSH
- kondiční příprava zvířat fyziologie metody MeSH
- krysa rodu Rattus MeSH
- osteoartróza * terapie MeSH
- potkani Sprague-Dawley * MeSH
- práh bolesti * MeSH
- prefrontální mozková kůra * metabolismus MeSH
- vysoce intenzivní intervalový trénink * MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- krysa rodu Rattus MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Xi-Kun Yuan Pin-Shi Ni Zhen-Hao Yan Zhi Yu Zhuang-Zhi Wang Chen-Kai Zhang Fang-Hui Li Xiao-Ming Yu 1Sports Department, Nanjing University of Science and Technology ZiJin College, Nanjing, China, 2School of Sport Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China, 3Shanghai Seventh People's Hospital, Shanghai, China To investigate the effects of life-long exercise (LLE) on age-related inflammatory cytokines, apoptosis, oxidative stress, ferroptosis markers, and the NRF2/KAEP 1/Klotho pathway in rats. Eight-month-old female Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups: 1) LLE: 18-month LLE training starting at 8 months of age, 2) Old moderate-intensity continuous training (OMICT): 8 months of moderate-intensity continuous training starting at 18 months of age, 3) Adult sedentary (ASED): 8 month-old adult sedentary control group, and 4) Old sedentary (OSED): a 26-month-old sedentary control group. Hematoxylin eosin staining was performed to observe the pathological changes of kidney tissue injury in rats; Masson's staining to observe the deposition of collagen fibers in rat kidney tissues; and western blotting to detect the expression levels of IL-6, IL 1beta, p53, p21, TNF-alpha, GPX4, KAEP 1, NRF2, SLC7A11, and other proteins in kidney tissues. Results: Compared with the ASED group, the OSED group showed significant morphological changes in renal tubules and glomeruli, which were swollen and deformed, with a small number of inflammatory cells infiltrated in the tubules. Compared with the OSED group, the expression levels of inflammation-related proteins such as IL-1beta, IL-6, TNF alpha, and MMP3 were significantly lower in the LLE group. Quantitative immunofluorescence analysis and western blotting revealed that compared with the ASED group, KAEP 1 protein fluorescence intensity and protein expression levels were significantly enhanced, while Klotho and NRF2 protein fluorescence intensity and protein expression levels were reduced in the OSED group. Compared with the OSED group, KAEP 1 protein fluorescence intensity and protein expression levels were reduced in the LLE and OMICT groups. Klotho and KAEP 1 protein expression levels and immunofluorescence intensity were higher in the LLE group than in the OSED group. The expression levels of GPX4 and SLC7A11, two negative marker proteins associated with ferroptosis, were significantly higher in the LLE group than in the OSED group, while the expression of p53 a cellular senescence-associated protein that negatively regulates SLC7A11, and the downstream protein p21 were significantly decreased. LLE may ameliorated aging-induced oxidative stress, inflammatory response, apoptosis, and ferroptosis by regulating Klotho and synergistically activating the NRF2/KAEP 1 pathway. Keywords: Life-long exercise, Moderate intensity continuous training, Aging, Kidney tissue, Ferroptosis.
- MeSH
- apoptóza * fyziologie MeSH
- biologické markery metabolismus MeSH
- faktor 2 související s NF-E2 * metabolismus MeSH
- ferroptóza * fyziologie MeSH
- glukuronidasa metabolismus MeSH
- kondiční příprava zvířat * fyziologie MeSH
- krysa rodu Rattus MeSH
- ledviny * metabolismus patologie MeSH
- oxidační stres * fyziologie MeSH
- potkani Sprague-Dawley * MeSH
- proteiny Klotho * MeSH
- signální transdukce fyziologie MeSH
- stárnutí metabolismus patologie MeSH
- zánět metabolismus patologie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- krysa rodu Rattus MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Názvy látek
- biologické markery MeSH
- faktor 2 související s NF-E2 * MeSH
- glukuronidasa MeSH
- Klotho Protein, rat MeSH Prohlížeč
- Nfe2l2 protein, rat MeSH Prohlížeč
- proteiny Klotho * MeSH
The skeletal muscle is the main organ responsible for insulin action, and glucose disposal and metabolism. Endurance and/or resistance training raises the number of mitochondria in diabetic muscles. The details of these adaptations, including mitochondrial adaptations of the slow and fast muscles in diabetes, are unclear. This study aimed to determine whether exercise training in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced mice leads to differential adaptations in the slow and fast muscles, and improving glucose clearance. Eight-week-old mice were randomly distributed into normal control (CON), diabetes (DM), and diabetes and exercise (DM+Ex) groups. In the DM and DM+Ex groups, mice received a freshly prepared STZ (100 mg/kg) intraperitoneal injection on two consecutive days. Two weeks after the injection, the mice in the groups ran on a treadmill for 60 min at 20 m/min for a week and subsequently at 25 m/min for 5 weeks (5 days/week). The analyses indicated that running training at low speed (25 m/min) enhanced mitochondrial enzyme activity and expression of lactate and glucose transporters in the plantaris (low-oxidative) muscle that improved whole-body glucose metabolism in STZ-induced diabetic mice. There were no differences in glucose transporter expression levels in the soleus (high-oxidative) muscle. The endurance running exercise at 20-25 m/min was sufficient to induce mitochondrial adaptation in the low-oxidative muscles, but not in the high-oxidative muscles, of diabetic mice. In conclusion, the present study indicated that running training at 25 m/min improved glucose metabolism by increasing the mitochondrial enzyme activity and glucose transporter 4 and monocarboxylate transporter 4 protein contents in the low-oxidative muscles in STZ-induced diabetic mice.
- MeSH
- běh * fyziologie MeSH
- experimentální diabetes mellitus * metabolismus MeSH
- fyzická vytrvalost fyziologie MeSH
- fyziologická adaptace * fyziologie MeSH
- kondiční příprava zvířat * fyziologie MeSH
- kosterní svaly metabolismus MeSH
- krevní glukóza metabolismus MeSH
- myši MeSH
- streptozocin MeSH
- svalová vlákna typu I metabolismus MeSH
- svalová vlákna typu II metabolismus MeSH
- svalové mitochondrie * metabolismus MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- myši MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Názvy látek
- krevní glukóza MeSH
- streptozocin MeSH
Aging is an inevitable and complex biological process that is associated with a gradual decline in physiological functions and a higher disease susceptibility. Omega-3 fatty acids, particularly docosahexaenoic acid, play a crucial role in maintaining brain health and their deficiency is linked to age-related cognitive decline. Combining omega-3-rich diets with exercise may enhance cognitive function more effectively, as both share overlapping neurobiological and physiological effects. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of exercise and omega-3 fatty acid (FA) supplementation in two different doses (160 mg/kg and 320 mg/kg) on anxiety-like behavior and cognitive abilities in both adult and aged rats. Male Wistar rats (4-5- and 23-24-month-old) were randomly divided into seven groups: 3-week control supplemented with placebo without exercise, low-dose omega-3 FAs, high-dose omega-3 FAs, 7-week control supplemented with placebo without exercise, exercise-only, low-dose omega-3 FAs with exercise, and high-dose omega-3 FAs with exercise. The administered oil contained omega-3 FAs with DHA:EPA in a ratio of 1.5:1. Our results indicate that aging negatively impacts the locomotor and exploratory activity of rats. In adult rats, a low dose of omega-3 FAs reduces locomotor activity when combined with exercise while high dose of omega-3 FAs reduces anxiety-like behavior and improves recognition memory when combined with exercise. The combination of omega-3 FAs and exercise had varying impacts on behavior, suggesting a need for further research in this area to fully understand their therapeutic efficacy in the context of cognitive changes associated with aging.
- MeSH
- chování zvířat účinky léků MeSH
- kognice účinky léků MeSH
- kondiční příprava zvířat * fyziologie MeSH
- krysa rodu Rattus MeSH
- kyseliny mastné omega-3 * aplikace a dávkování farmakologie MeSH
- lokomoce účinky léků fyziologie MeSH
- pátrací chování * účinky léků MeSH
- potkani Wistar * MeSH
- potravní doplňky * MeSH
- stárnutí * psychologie účinky léků MeSH
- úzkost * prevence a kontrola MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- krysa rodu Rattus MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Názvy látek
- kyseliny mastné omega-3 * MeSH
This study aimed to determine whether electrical stimulation-based twitch exercise is effective in inhibiting the progression of immobilization-induced muscle fibrosis. 19 Wistar rats were randomly divided into a control group (n=6), an immobilization group (n=6; with immobilization only), and a Belt group (n=7; with immobilization and twitch exercise through the belt electrode device, beginning 2 weeks after immobilization). The bilateral soleus muscles were harvested after the experimental period. The right soleus muscles were used for histological analysis, and the left soleus muscles were used for biochemical and molecular biological analysis. As a result, in the picrosirius red images, the perimysium and endomysium were thicker in both the immobilization and Belt groups compared to the control group. However, the perimysium and endomysium thickening were suppressed in the Belt group. The hydroxyproline content and alpha-SMA, TGF-beta1, and HIF-1alpha mRNA expressions were significantly higher in the immobilization and belt groups than in the control group. These expressions were significantly lower in the Belt group than in the immobilization group. The capillary-to-myofiber ratio and the mRNA expressions of VEGF and PGC-1alpha were significantly lower in the immobilization and belt groups than in the control group, these were significantly higher in the Belt group than in the immobilization group. From these results, Electrical stimulation-based twitch exercise using the belt electrode device may prevent the progression of immobilization-induced muscle fibrosis caused by downregulating PGC-1alpha/VEGF pathway, we surmised that this intervention strategy might be effective against the progression of muscle contracture. Keywords: Immobilization, Skeletal muscle, Fibrosis, Electrical stimulation-based twitch exercise, PGC-1alpha/VEGF pathway.
- MeSH
- down regulace * MeSH
- elektrická stimulace MeSH
- elektrostimulační terapie metody MeSH
- fibróza * MeSH
- kondiční příprava zvířat fyziologie MeSH
- kosterní svaly * metabolismus patologie MeSH
- krysa rodu Rattus MeSH
- nemoci svalů metabolismus patologie prevence a kontrola etiologie MeSH
- potkani Wistar MeSH
- PPARGC1A * metabolismus MeSH
- progrese nemoci MeSH
- signální transdukce fyziologie MeSH
- vaskulární endoteliální růstový faktor A * metabolismus genetika MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- krysa rodu Rattus MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Názvy látek
- Ppargc1a protein, rat MeSH Prohlížeč
- PPARGC1A * MeSH
- vascular endothelial growth factor A, rat MeSH Prohlížeč
- vaskulární endoteliální růstový faktor A * MeSH
Aging leads to a decrease in muscle function, mass, and strength in skeletal muscle of animals and humans. The transcriptome identified activation of the JAK/STAT pathway, a pathway that is associated with skeletal muscle atrophy, and endurance training has a significant effect on improving sarcopenia; however, the exact mechanism still requires further study. We investigated the effect of endurance training on sarcopenia. Six-month-old male SAMR1 mice were used as a young control group (group C), and the same month-old male SAMP8 mice were divided into an exercise group (group E) and a model group (group M). A 3-month running exercise intervention was performed on group E, and the other two groups were kept normally. Aging caused significant signs of sarcopenia in the SAMP8 mice, and endurance training effectively improved muscle function, muscle mass, and muscle strength in the SAMP8 mice. The expression of JAK2/STAT3 pathway factor was decreased in group E compared with group M, and the expression of SOCS3, the target gene of STAT3, and NR1D1, an atrophy-related factor, was significantly increased. Endurance training significantly improved the phenotypes associated with sarcopenia, and the JAK2/STAT3 pathway is a possible mechanism for the improvement of sarcopenia by endurance training, while NR1D1 may be its potential target. Keywords: Sarcopenia, Endurance training, Janus kinase 2/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (JAK2/STAT3), Nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group D member 1 (Nr1d1).
- MeSH
- Janus kinasa 2 * metabolismus MeSH
- kondiční příprava zvířat * fyziologie MeSH
- kosterní svaly metabolismus MeSH
- myši MeSH
- sarkopenie * metabolismus prevence a kontrola terapie MeSH
- signální transdukce * MeSH
- stárnutí metabolismus MeSH
- transkripční faktor STAT3 * metabolismus MeSH
- vytrvalostní trénink * MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- myši MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Názvy látek
- Jak2 protein, mouse MeSH Prohlížeč
- Janus kinasa 2 * MeSH
- Stat3 protein, mouse MeSH Prohlížeč
- transkripční faktor STAT3 * MeSH
Lifestyle intervention encompassing nutrition and physical activity are effective strategies to prevent progressive lipid deposition in the liver. This study aimed to explore the effect of dietary change, and/or high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on hepatic lipid accumulation in high fat diet (HFD)-induced obese rats. We divided lean rats into lean control (LC) or HIIT groups (LH), and obese rats into obese normal chow diet (ND) control (ONC) or HIIT groups (ONH) and obese HFD control (OHC) or HIIT groups (OHH). We found that dietary or HIIT intervention significantly decreased body weight and the risk of dyslipidemia, prevented hepatic lipid accumulation. HIIT significantly improved mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation through upregulating mitochondrial enzyme activities, mitochondrial function and AMPK/PPARalpha/CPT1alpha pathway, as well as inhibiting hepatic de novo lipogenesis in obese HFD rats. These findings indicate that dietary alone or HIIT intervention powerfully improve intrahepatic storage of fat in diet induced obese rats. Keywords: Obesity, Exercise, Diet, Mitochondrial function, Lipid deposition.
- MeSH
- dieta s vysokým obsahem tuků * škodlivé účinky MeSH
- játra * metabolismus MeSH
- kondiční příprava zvířat fyziologie MeSH
- krysa rodu Rattus MeSH
- metabolismus lipidů * MeSH
- obezita * metabolismus terapie MeSH
- potkani Sprague-Dawley * MeSH
- vysoce intenzivní intervalový trénink * MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- krysa rodu Rattus MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Exercise can improve the cardiovascular health. However, the mechanism contributing to its beneficial effect on elderly patients with myocardial infarction is obscure. 20-month-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were used to establish myocardial infarction (MI) model by permanent ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) of the heart, followed by 4-week interval exercise training on a motor-driven rodent treadmill. The cardiac function, myocardial fibrosis, apoptosis, oxidative stress, and inflammatory responses were determined by using pressure transducer catheter, polygraph physiological data acquisition system, Masson's trichrome staining, and ELISA to evaluate the impact of post-MI exercise training on MI. Western blot were performed to detect the activation of AMPK/SIRT1/PGC-1alpha signaling in the hearts of aged rats. Exercise training significantly improved cardiac function and reduced the cardiac fibrosis. In infarcted heart, the apoptosis, oxidative stress, and inflammation were significantly reduced after 4-week exercise training. Mechanistically, AMPK/SIRT1/PGC-1alpha pathway was activated in the myocardial infarction area after exercise training, which might participate in the protection of cardiac function. Exercise training improves cardiac function in MI rats through reduction of apoptosis, oxidative stress, and inflammation, which may mediate by the activation of AMPK/SIRT1/PGC-1alpha signaling pathway.
- MeSH
- infarkt myokardu * metabolismus MeSH
- kondiční příprava zvířat * fyziologie MeSH
- krysa rodu Rattus MeSH
- modely nemocí na zvířatech MeSH
- myokard metabolismus MeSH
- potkani Sprague-Dawley MeSH
- proteinkinasy aktivované AMP metabolismus MeSH
- sirtuin 1 metabolismus MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- krysa rodu Rattus MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Názvy látek
- proteinkinasy aktivované AMP MeSH
- sirtuin 1 MeSH
Myostatin (MSTN), an important negative regulator of skeletal muscle, plays an important role in skeletal muscle health. In previous study, we found that the expression of MSTN was different during skeletal muscle injury repair. Therefore, we explored the expression changes of MSTN at different time points during skeletal muscle injury repair after eccentric exercise. In addition, MSTN is regulated by follistatin (FST) and decorin (DCN) in vivo, so our study examined the time-specific changes of FST, DCN and MSTN in the circulation and skeletal muscle during skeletal muscle injury repair after eccentric exercise, and to explore the reasons for the changes of MSTN in the process of exercise-induced muscle injury repair, to provide a basis for promoting muscle injury repair. The rats performed one-time eccentric exercise. Blood and skeletal muscle were collected at the corresponding time points, respectively immediate after exercise (D0), one day (D1), two days (D2), three days (D3), seven days (W1) and fourteen days (W2) after exercise (n=8). The levels of MSTN, FST, DCN in serum and mRNA and protein expression in muscle were detected. MSTN changes in the blood and changes in DCN and FST showed the opposite trend, except immediately after exercise. The change trends of mRNA and protein of gastrocnemius DCN and MSTN are inconsistent, there is post-transcriptional regulation of MSTN and DCN in gastrocnemius. Acute eccentric exercise might stimulate the secretion of DCN and FST into the circulation and inhibit MSTN. MSTN may be regulated by FST and DCN after acute eccentric exercise.
- MeSH
- časové faktory MeSH
- dekorin * genetika metabolismus MeSH
- folistatin * genetika metabolismus MeSH
- kondiční příprava zvířat * MeSH
- kosterní svaly * metabolismus MeSH
- krysa rodu Rattus MeSH
- messenger RNA genetika MeSH
- myostatin * genetika metabolismus MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- krysa rodu Rattus MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Názvy látek
- dekorin * MeSH
- folistatin * MeSH
- messenger RNA MeSH
- myostatin * MeSH
100 rats were randomly divided into a sham-operated group and middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) modeling groups. The sham group after surgery was observed for 14 days. After MCAO, some rats received isometric contraction training (ICT) which was as follows: an atraumatic tourniquet was placed around left or right hind limb to achieve hind limb ischemia for 5 min, followed by 5 min of reperfusion, 4 cycles for one time, once a day, and five days per week. The MCAO modeling groups included the following four groups: i) a group only received MCAO, and was observed for seven days (MCAO-7d), ii) a group only received MCAO, and was observed for 14 days (MCAO-14d), iii) a group, after MCAO, received ICT for seven days (ICT-7d), and iv) a group, after MCAO, received ICT for 14 days (ICT-14d). Brain infarct area, behavioral outcomes, the number of neurons, apoptosis, cerebral edema and cerebral water content were assessed, respectively. The mRNA expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) was assayed with RT-PCR, and protein expression of VEGF was quantified with western blot. compared with MCAO controls, cerebral infarction, neurological deficits and neuronal apoptosis were reduced significantly in the ICT groups, while the number of neurons was increased. Moreover, the mRNA expression of VEGF and protein expression of VEGF were enhanced after 1 and 2 weeks of ICT. ICT may promote angiogenesis and neuroprotection after ischemic stroke and this new remodeling method provide a novel strategy for rehabilitation of stroke patients.
- MeSH
- cévní mozková příhoda * terapie MeSH
- infarkt arteria cerebri media MeSH
- ischemie mozku * metabolismus MeSH
- isometrická kontrakce * MeSH
- kondiční příprava zvířat * MeSH
- krysa rodu Rattus MeSH
- messenger RNA MeSH
- modely nemocí na zvířatech MeSH
- neuroprotekce MeSH
- potkani Sprague-Dawley MeSH
- vaskulární endoteliální růstový faktor A metabolismus MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- krysa rodu Rattus MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Názvy látek
- messenger RNA MeSH
- vaskulární endoteliální růstový faktor A MeSH
