Pulmonary arterial hypertension is characterized by perivascular and systemic inflammation. The gut microbiome influences the host immune system. Here we review the emerging preclinical and clinical evidence that strongly suggests that alterations in the gut microbiome may either initiate or facilitate progression of established pulmonary arterial hypertension by modifying the systemic immune responses. We also briefly review the relationship between the gut microbiome and preeclampsia, a vascular disease also characterized by inflammation. Key words: Dysbiosis, Right ventricle, Inflammation.

• MeSH
• dysbióza * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• plicní arteriální hypertenze * mikrobiologie   patofyziologie   MeSH
• plicní hypertenze mikrobiologie   patofyziologie   MeSH
• preeklampsie mikrobiologie   patofyziologie   imunologie   MeSH
• střevní mikroflóra * fyziologie   MeSH
• těhotenství MeSH
• zánět mikrobiologie   imunologie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• těhotenství MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH

The study describes the stress response in the central cotyledon zone of placental tissue and in maternal whole peripheral blood to pregnancy related complications including gestational hypertension (n = 31), preeclampsia w or w/o fetal growth restriction (n = 95), and fetal growth restriction (n = 39) using real-time RT-PCR and genes encoding Hsp27, Hsp60, Hsp70, Hsp90 and HspBP1 proteins. The placental tissue does not respond to pregnancy induced hypertension, fetal growth restriction and short-term severe preeclampsia that requires immediate termination of gestation. Upregulation of Hsp27, Hsp90 and HspBP1 appears just in case of long-term deteriorated conditions (usually in mild preeclampsia, that enable further continuation of gestation, when properly treated). On the other hand, maternal circulation is able to reflect both maternal and fetal pathologic conditions. While pregnancy related complications always induce upregulation of Hsp70 and downregulation of Hsp90 in maternal whole peripheral blood, the increase of Hsp60 mRNA levels occurs entirely in patients with preeclampsia and/or fetal growth restriction. Hsp60, Hsp70 and Hsp90 are dysregulated in maternal circulation irrespective of the severity of the disease (in both mild and severe preeclampsia) and the requirements for the delivery (before and after 34th week of gestation). Nevertheless, the highest Hsp60 mRNA levels may be observed in pregnancies with signs of the centralization of the fetal circulation associated with fetal hypoxia.

• MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• fyziologický stres genetika   MeSH
• komplikace těhotenství diagnóza   genetika   metabolismus   patofyziologie   MeSH
• krevní tlak MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• messenger RNA * MeSH
• placenta metabolismus   MeSH
• preeklampsie diagnóza   genetika   metabolismus   patofyziologie   MeSH
• proteiny teplotního šoku genetika   MeSH
• regulace genové exprese MeSH
• retrospektivní studie MeSH
• růstová retardace plodu diagnóza   genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• stupeň závažnosti nemoci MeSH
• těhotenství MeSH
• ultrasonografie dopplerovská barevná MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• těhotenství MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• messenger RNA * MeSH
• proteiny teplotního šoku MeSH

PROBLEM: The present work was undertaken to investigate the occurence of autoantibodies to eight various phospholipids in time of urgent termination of the pregnancy (sectio caesarea) in patients in reproductive age with severe preeclamptic symptoms. METHOD OF STUDY: Autoantibodies against annexin V, ph-serine, ph-ethanolamine, ph-inositol, ph-DL-glycerol, cardiolipin, beta2-glycoprotein I (beta2-GPI), and phosphatidic acid were studied by ELISA methods. RESULTS: Increased levels of IgA-beta2-glycoprotein I, IgG-beta2-glycoprotein I, IgG- anti-ph-serine, and IgG-anticardiolipin were found in sera of preeclamptic women in the time of urgent sectio caesarea when compared to the control group with physiological pregnancy. CONCLUSION: Supposed increase in various antiphospholipid antibodies (aPLs) levels due to the stress during the short time of admission and a need for a quick medical decision to terminate the pregnancy was not unambiguously proven, but our results are evidently influenced by the current urgent life-saving treatment.

• MeSH
• antifosfolipidové protilátky krev   MeSH
• beta-2-glykoprotein I imunologie   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• ELISA MeSH
• fosfoserin imunologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• placentární oběh imunologie   MeSH
• potrat léčebný MeSH
• preeklampsie krev   imunologie   patofyziologie   terapie   MeSH
• těhotenství MeSH
• trombóza MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• těhotenství MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• antifosfolipidové protilátky MeSH
• beta-2-glykoprotein I MeSH
• fosfoserin MeSH

UNLABELLED: The purpose of this study was to summarize the new published data on the Doppler flowmetry in preeclampsia. METHODS: We summarize the new published data on the Doppler flowmetry in uteroplacental, fetoplacental and fetal circulation in preeclampsia. The present review summarized the results of clinical research on the Doppler flowmetry in the screening of risk of preclampsia, in the diagnosis of preclampsia and in the fetal risk in preclampsia (Ref. 19). Full Text (Free, PDF) www.bmj.sk.

• MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• placentární oběh MeSH
• plod krevní zásobení   MeSH
• preeklampsie diagnostické zobrazování   patofyziologie   MeSH
• reologie * MeSH
• rychlost toku krve * MeSH
• těhotenství MeSH
• ultrasonografie MeSH
• uterus krevní zásobení   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• těhotenství MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH

OBJECTIVE: To measure levels of total plasma cysteine, homocysteine, cysteinylglycine and glutathione of normotensive primiparous pregnant women in the second and the third trimester. METHODS: Two consecutive blood samples were taken from 65 healthy primiparous women in the 19th to 21st weeks of pregnancy and then in the 30th to 32nd weeks. Plasma total cysteine, homocysteine, cysteinylglycine and glutathione were determined by HPLC method. Women were followed until delivery. Sixty-two pregnant women were normotensive throughout the pregnancy and 3 developed pre-eclampsia. Median levels of thiols in the second and the third trimesters were compared using paired t test. RESULTS: Levels (median [range], micromol/l) of plasma total cysteine in normotensive pregnant women were significantly lower in the third than in the mid-trimester (176.1 [163.0, 189.4] vs. 187.4 [178.7, 205.2], p < 0.001). Concentrations of total homocysteine, cysteinylglycine and glutathione were not different. CONCLUSION: Plasma total cysteine (t-Cys) is significantly lower in the third compared to the second trimester. Urinary excretion of t-Cys does not differ in the second compared to the third trimester. The decrease of t-Cys might indicate that cysteine is essential for the fetus.

• MeSH
• biologické markery krev   MeSH
• cystein krev   MeSH
• dipeptidy krev   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• druhý trimestr těhotenství krev   MeSH
• glutathion krev   MeSH
• homocystein krev   MeSH
• krevní tlak MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• preeklampsie krev   patofyziologie   MeSH
• prospektivní studie MeSH
• těhotenství krev   MeSH
• třetí trimestr těhotenství krev   MeSH
• vysokoúčinná kapalinová chromatografie MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• těhotenství krev   MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• srovnávací studie MeSH
• Názvy látek
• biologické markery MeSH
• cystein MeSH
• cysteinylglycine MeSH Prohlížeč
• dipeptidy MeSH
• glutathion MeSH
• homocystein MeSH

OBJECTIVE: To summarise which metalloproteinases and specific inhibitors have been already described, their regulatory mechanisms in obstetric complications. DESIGN: A literature review. SETTING: Department of Gynecology Obstetric and University Hospital, Palacký University, Olomouc. ABSTRACTS: The invasion of extravillous trophoblast cells into the maternal endometrium is one of the key events in human placentation. The ability of these cells to infiltrate the uterine wall and to anchor the placenta to it as well as their ability to infiltrate and adjust utero-placental vessels to pregnancy depends, among other things, on their ability to secrete enzymes that degrade the extracellular matrix. Most of these enzymes belong to the family of matrix metalloproteinases. In the literature review, we focus on the role of these proteases in normal pregnancy as well as on their importance in the development of some pregnancy complications.

• MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• matrixové metaloproteinasy fyziologie   MeSH
• předčasná porodní činnost patofyziologie   MeSH
• preeklampsie patofyziologie   MeSH
• těhotenství fyziologie   MeSH
• tkáňové inhibitory metaloproteinas fyziologie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• těhotenství fyziologie   MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• anglický abstrakt MeSH
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• přehledy MeSH
• Názvy látek
• matrixové metaloproteinasy MeSH
• tkáňové inhibitory metaloproteinas MeSH

OBJECTIVE: To sum up the knowledge of uteroplacental circulation, their dysfunction and etiology and pathogenesis of preeclampsia. TYPE OF STUDY: Review. SETTING: Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Institut of Pathological Physiology, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague. SUBJECT OF STUDY: A summary of what is known about development of uteroplacental circulation predispose women to the development of preeclampsia and IUGR but the etiology of preeclampsia is still unknown.

• MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• placentární oběh * MeSH
• preeklampsie etiologie   patofyziologie   MeSH
• těhotenství MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• těhotenství MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• anglický abstrakt MeSH
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• přehledy MeSH

OBJECTIVE: To present a review of literature and to present our experiences of patients with preeclampsia. DESIGN: Review article. SETTING: Second Clinic of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Medical Faculty of the Safarik University and L. Pasteur's Hospital, Kosice, Slovak Republic. METHODS: Compilation of data from scientific literature. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The etiology of preeclampsia is still unknown. The 4 hypotheses currently accepted are the placental ischemia hypothesis, genetic hypothesis, the immune maladaption and hypothesis of the imbalance between free oxygen radicals and scavengers in favor of oxidants. At the present is most popular the theory of oxidative stress, that lead to increased production of lipide peroxides, tromboxane A2 and decreased level of prostacyclin. This imbalance triggers endothelial dysfunction and its clinical manifestation. Scavenging antioxidants have protective effect in this process.

• MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• preeklampsie etiologie   patofyziologie   MeSH
• těhotenství MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• těhotenství MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• anglický abstrakt MeSH
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH

• MeSH
• cévní endotel patofyziologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• oxid dusnatý fyziologie   MeSH
• preeklampsie patofyziologie   MeSH
• reaktivní formy kyslíku fyziologie   MeSH
• těhotenství MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• těhotenství MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH
• Názvy látek
• oxid dusnatý MeSH
• reaktivní formy kyslíku MeSH

Using polycardiography, right and left ventricular dynamics were studied in 22 healthy women in the 30th--40th week of physiological pregnancy and 75 patients with different forms of late toxaemia. It was found that late toxaemia is accompanied by deep changes in the phase structure of the right ventricular systole, corresponding to the elastic resistance load phase syndrome. Analogical changes in the left ventricular dynamics occur only in severe forms of the disease. The authors propose nomograms for determining the predicted length of ejection time, which can be used for diagnosing reduced myocardial contractility.

• MeSH
• kontrakce myokardu * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• preeklampsie patofyziologie   MeSH
• srdeční komory MeSH
• těhotenství MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• těhotenství MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH