BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Overweight and obesity are modifiable risk factors for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) in the general population, but their prevalence in individuals with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia (HeFH) and whether they confer additional risk of ASCVD independent of LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) remains unclear. METHODS: Cross-sectional analysis was conducted in 35 540 patients with HeFH across 50 countries, in the EAS FH Studies Collaboration registry. Prevalence of World Health Organization-defined body mass index categories was investigated in adults (n = 29 265) and children/adolescents (n = 6275); and their association with prevalent ASCVD. RESULTS: Globally, 52% of adults and 27% of children with HeFH were overweight or obese, with the highest prevalence noted in Northern Africa/Western Asia. A higher overweight/obesity prevalence was found in non-high-income vs. high-income countries. Median age at familial hypercholesterolaemia diagnosis in adults with obesity was 9 years older than in normal weight adults. Obesity was associated with a more atherogenic lipid profile independent of lipid-lowering medication. Prevalence of coronary artery disease increased progressively across body mass index categories in both children and adults. Compared with normal weight, obesity was associated with higher odds of coronary artery disease in children (odds ratio 9.28, 95% confidence interval 1.77-48.77, adjusted for age, sex, lipids, and lipid-lowering medication) and coronary artery disease and stroke in adults (odds ratio 2.35, 95% confidence interval 2.10-2.63 and odds ratio 1.65, 95% confidence interval 1.27-2.14, respectively), but less consistently with peripheral artery disease. Adjusting for diabetes, hypertension and smoking modestly attenuated the associations. CONCLUSIONS: Overweight and obesity are common in patients with HeFH and contribute to ASCVD risk from childhood, independent of LDL-C and lipid-lowering medication. Sustained body weight management is needed to reduce the risk of ASCVD in HeFH.

• Keywords
• Adiposity, Atherosclerosis, Dyslipidaemia, Insulin resistance,
• MeSH
• Child MeSH
• Adult MeSH
• Heterozygote MeSH
• Hyperlipoproteinemia Type II * epidemiology   complications   genetics   MeSH
• Body Mass Index MeSH
• Cardiovascular Diseases * epidemiology   etiology   MeSH
• Cholesterol, LDL metabolism   MeSH
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Adolescent MeSH
• Young Adult MeSH
• Overweight * epidemiology   complications   MeSH
• Obesity * epidemiology   complications   MeSH
• Prevalence MeSH
• Cross-Sectional Studies MeSH
• Registries MeSH
• Risk Factors MeSH
• Aged MeSH
• Check Tag
• Child MeSH
• Adult MeSH
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Adolescent MeSH
• Young Adult MeSH
• Male MeSH
• Aged MeSH
• Female MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Multicenter Study MeSH
• Names of Substances
• Cholesterol, LDL MeSH

BACKGROUND: The associations of risk factors with vascular impairment in type 1 diabetes patients seem more complex than that in type 2 diabetes patients. Therefore, we analyzed the associations between traditional and novel cardiovascular risk factors and vascular parameters in individuals with T1D and modifications of these associations according to sex and genetic factors. METHODS: In a cross-sectional study, we analyzed the association of risk factors in T1D individuals younger than 65 years using vascular parameters, such as ankle brachial index (ABI) and toe brachial index (TBI), duplex ultrasound, measuring the presence of plaques in carotid and femoral arteries (Belcaro score) and intima media thickness of carotid arteries (CIMT). We also used photoplethysmography, which measured the interbranch index expressed as the Oliva-Roztocil index (ORI), and analyzed renal parameters, such as urine albumin/creatinine ratio (uACR) and glomerular filtration rate (GFR). We evaluated these associations using multivariate regression analysis, including interactions with sex and the gene for connexin 37 (Cx37) polymorphism (rs1764391). RESULTS: In 235 men and 227 women (mean age 43.6 ± 13.6 years; mean duration of diabetes 22.1 ± 11.3 years), pulse pressure was strongly associated with unfavorable values of most of the vascular parameters under study (ABI, TBI, Belcaro scores, uACR and ORI), whereas plasma lipids, represented by remnant cholesterol (cholesterol - LDL-HDL cholesterol), the atherogenic index of plasma (log (triglycerides/HDL cholesterol) and Lp(a), were associated primarily with renal impairment (uACR, GFR and lipoprotein (a)). Plasma non-HDL cholesterol was not associated with any vascular parameter under study. In contrast to pulse pressure, the associations of lipid factors with kidney and vascular parameters were modified by sex and the Cx37 gene. CONCLUSION: In addition to known information, easily obtainable risk factor, such as pulse pressure, should be considered in individuals with T1D irrespective of sex and genetic background. The associations of plasma lipids with kidney function are complex and associated with sex and genetic factors. The decision of whether pulse pressure, remnant lipoproteins, Lp(a) and other determinants of vascular damage should become treatment targets in T1D should be based on the results of future clinical trials.

• Keywords
• Cardiovascular risk factors, Gene for connexin 37, Sex, Type 1 diabetes mellitus, Vascular parameters,
• MeSH
• Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 * genetics   physiopathology   MeSH
• Diabetic Angiopathies genetics   physiopathology   MeSH
• Adult MeSH
• Phenotype MeSH
• Photoplethysmography MeSH
• Genetic Predisposition to Disease MeSH
• Glomerular Filtration Rate MeSH
• Carotid Intima-Media Thickness MeSH
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Polymorphism, Genetic MeSH
• Gap Junction alpha-4 Protein * genetics   MeSH
• Cross-Sectional Studies MeSH
• Heart Disease Risk Factors MeSH
• Sex Factors MeSH
• Ankle Brachial Index MeSH
• Check Tag
• Adult MeSH
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Male MeSH
• Female MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
• Names of Substances
• gap junction protein alpha 4, human MeSH Browser
• Gap Junction alpha-4 Protein * MeSH

STUDY OBJECTIVES: Social jetlag manifests as a difference in sleep timing on workdays and free days. Social jetlag is often associated with shorter, lower-quality sleep, so it is unclear how much the chronic circadian misalignment contributes to observed negative health outcomes. We aimed to (1) investigate associations between social jetlag, chronotype (one of its determinants), and the levels of health markers, (2) describe factors associated with social jetlag, and (3) examine whether working from home can reduce social jetlag. METHODS: Adult respondents participated in a nationally representative longitudinal survey of Czech households (individuals in each wave: n2018/19/20 = 5132/1957/1533), which included Munich ChronoType Questionnaire to evaluate chronotype and social jetlag. A subset provided blood samples (n2019 = 1957) for detection of nine biomarkers and was surveyed in three successive years (social jetlag calculated for n2018/19/20 = 3930/1601/1237). Data were analyzed by nonparametric univariate tests and mixed effects multivariate regression with social jetlag, chronotype, sex, age, body-mass index, and reported diseases as predictors and biomarker levels as outcomes. RESULTS: Higher social jetlag (≥0.65 h) was significantly associated with increased levels of total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, particularly in participants older than 50 years (Mann-Whitney, men: pCHL = 0.0005, pLDL = 0.0009; women: pCHL = 0.0079, pLDL = 0.0068). Extreme chronotypes were associated with cardiovascular disease risk markers regardless of social jetlag (Kruskal-Wallis, p < 0.0001). Commuting to work and time stress were identified as important contributors to social jetlag. Individual longitudinal data showed that working from home decreased social jetlag and prolonged sleep. CONCLUSIONS: We report significant associations between sleep phase preference, social jetlag, and cardio-metabolic biomarkers.

• Keywords
• Biomarkers, Cholesterol, Chronotype, Circadian Rhythm, Humans, Lipoproteins, HDL, Lipoproteins, LDL, Models, Statistical, Social jetlag,
• MeSH
• Biomarkers MeSH
• Cholesterol MeSH
• Circadian Rhythm * MeSH
• Adult MeSH
• Jet Lag Syndrome MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Metabolic Diseases * complications   MeSH
• Surveys and Questionnaires MeSH
• Sleep MeSH
• Check Tag
• Adult MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Male MeSH
• Female MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
• Names of Substances
• Biomarkers MeSH
• Cholesterol MeSH

OBJECTIVES: This study evaluates the effect of a 3-month calorie restriction (CR) without snacking on the anthropometric parameters, Homeostatic Model Assesment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR), and lipid profiles of female office workers with overweight or obesity, whose physical activity was limited during the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Forty-eight women aged 20-38 years (28.9±5.24) with low physical activity levels were divided into a non-snacking (NS) group (N = 21) and a snacking (S) group (N = 27) prior to the dietary intervention. Their daily energy intake during the intervention was lowered by 30% compared with the baseline level, and the proportion of polyunsaturated fatty acids and fiber in their diet was increased (to >30 g/day). The proportion of saturated fatty acids and simple carbohydrates was also reduced. The study participants were assessed at the baseline and post-intervention for anthropometric variables (body weight, body fat percentage BMI, waist circumference, hip circumference, waist-to-hip ratio) and the concentrations of insulin, total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). Moreover, the values for HOMA-IR, the atherogenic index of plasma (AIP), and the ratios of TC/HDL-C, TG/HDL-C, and LDL-C/HDL-C were calculated. RESULTS: All anthropometric parameter values obtained post-intervention were lower than the baseline in both groups. The serum insulin concentration and HOMA-IR decreased respectively by an average of 6% and 25% in the NS group and 37% and 45% in the S group. The lipid profiles of all participants improved significantly, with the LDL-C concentration showing a more promising trend in the S group (decrease by 27%) than in the NS group (17%). CONCLUSIONS: The study showed that CR improved the anthropometric parameters, HOMA-IR index, and lipid profiles of all participants. Int J Occup Med Environ Health. 2022;35(6):693-706.

• Keywords
• coronavirus pandemic, insulin resistance, lipid profile, low physical activity level, reduction diet, snacking,
• MeSH
• COVID-19 * MeSH
• Cholesterol, HDL MeSH
• Body Mass Index MeSH
• Insulin MeSH
• Insulin Resistance * MeSH
• Caloric Restriction MeSH
• Communicable Disease Control MeSH
• Cholesterol, LDL MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Overweight MeSH
• Obesity MeSH
• Pandemics MeSH
• Triglycerides MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Female MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Names of Substances
• Cholesterol, HDL MeSH
• Insulin MeSH
• Cholesterol, LDL MeSH
• Triglycerides MeSH

BACKGROUND: Idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIM) are associated with systemic inflammation, limited mobility, and glucocorticoid therapy, all of which can lead to metabolism disturbances, atherogenesis, and increased cardiovascular (CV) risk. The aim of this study was to assess the CV risk in IIM patients and healthy controls (HC), and its association with disease-specific features. METHODS: Thirty nine patients with IIM (32 females; mean age 56; mean disease duration 4.8 years; dermatomyositis: n = 16, polymyositis: n = 7, immune-mediated necrotizing myopathy: n = 8, anti-synthetase syndrome: n = 8) and 39 age-/sex-matched HC (32 females, mean age 56) without rheumatic diseases were included. In both groups, subjects with a history of CV disease (angina pectoris, myocardial infarction, cerebrovascular, and peripheral arterial vascular events) were excluded. Muscle involvement, disease activity, and tissue damage were evaluated (Manual Muscle Test-8, Myositis Intention to Treat Activity Index, Myositis Damage Index). Comorbidities and current treatment were recorded. All participants underwent examinations of carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT), pulse wave velocity (PWV), ankle-brachial index (ABI), and body composition (by densitometry and bioelectric impedance). The risk of fatal CV events was evaluated by the Systematic COronary Risk Evaluation (SCORE, charts for the European population) and its modifications. RESULTS: Compared to HC, there was no significant difference in IIM patients regarding blood pressure, ABI, PWV, CIMT, and the risk of fatal CV events by SCORE or SCORE2, or subclinical atherosclerosis (CIMT, carotid plaques, ABI, and PWV). The calculated CV risk scores by SCORE, SCORE2, and SCORE multiplied by the coefficient 1.5 (mSCORE) were reclassified according to the results of carotid plaque presence and CIMT; however, none of them was demonstrated to be significantly more accurate. Other significant predictors of CV risk in IIM patients included age, disease duration and activity, systemic inflammation, lipid profile, lean body mass, and blood pressure. CONCLUSIONS: No significant differences in CV risk factors between our IIM patients and HC were observed. However, in IIM, CV risk was associated with age, disease duration, duration of glucocorticoid therapy, lipid profile, and body composition. None of the currently available scoring tools (SCORE, SCORE2, mSCORE) used in this study seems more accurate in estimating CV risk in IIM.

• Keywords
• atherosclerosis, cardiovascular risk, inflammation, myositis, risk assessment,
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH

BACKGROUND: Overweight and obesity after retirement are likely to be caused by unhealthy eating habits and the energy intake exceeding the energy expenditure. OBJECTIVES: This study was designed to assess the effects of two 12-week interventions involving, respectively, either regular physical activity or a modified lower-calorie diet on the anthropometric parameters and blood lipid profiles in overweight and obese retired miners with lipid disorders. DESIGN: The study participants (n = 30, aged 58.7 ± 4.1 years, body height 174.8 ± 7.3 cm, body weight 96.6 ± 13.9 kg) were randomly assigned to 2 intervention groups: the Nordic walking group (NW), which exercised with intensity from 60 to 70% of participants' maximal heart rates for 1 h 3 times a week, and the modified diet group (MD). Modification of the diet consisted of reducing the daily energy intake by 30%, increasing the dietary content of mono- and polyunsaturated fatty acids and dietary fiber, and reducing the proportion of saturated fatty acids. The variables assessed at baseline and after 6 and 12 weeks were: anthropometric parameters (body weight, fat mass content [FM], fat percentage [BF], BMI, waist circumference [WC], hip circumference [HC], and waist-to-hip ratio [WHR]) and blood lipid indicators (total cholesterol [TC], triglycerides [TG], low density lipoprotein cholesterol [LDL-C], and high density lip-oprotein cholesterol [HDL-C]). RESULTS: The body weight of the participants in the NW was lower at week 12 by an average of 5 kg, BMI by 6%, FB by 19%, FM by 15%, WC by 8%, HC by 6%, and WHR by 3%. In the MD, the respective decreases were 8 kg and 8, 25, 20, 6, 2, and 7%. In the MD, the postintervention concentrations of TC and TG were within the reference range. CONCLUSION: Both 12-week interventions improved the anthropometric parameters and blood lipid profiles of retired heavy manual workers, with the improvements being more pronounced in the dieting group.

• Keywords
• Caloric restriction, Lipid disorders, Obesity, Physical activity, Retirement,
• MeSH
• Walking physiology   MeSH
• Retirement * MeSH
• Body Mass Index MeSH
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Lipids blood   MeSH
• Overweight blood   therapy   MeSH
• Obesity blood   therapy   MeSH
• Waist Circumference MeSH
• Waist-Hip Ratio MeSH
• Weight Reduction Programs methods   MeSH
• Diet, Reducing * MeSH
• Aged MeSH
• Body Weight physiology   MeSH
• Body Weights and Measures MeSH
• Coal Mining * MeSH
• Triglycerides blood   MeSH
• Check Tag
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Male MeSH
• Aged MeSH
• Female MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
• Randomized Controlled Trial MeSH
• Geographicals
• Poland MeSH
• Names of Substances
• Lipids MeSH
• Triglycerides MeSH

Background and objectives: The visceral adiposity index (VAI), estimating visceral adiposity dysfunction through a simple formula, could serve as a useful tool for identifying individuals at higher cardiometabolic risk. Its relationship with insulin resistance (IR), assessed using the homeostasis model assessment of IR (HOMA-IR), and metabolic syndrome (MetS) components remains unclear. The study aimed to investigate the association of VAI with both HOMA-IR and MetS. Materials and Methods: After undergoing anthropometric and biochemical studies, 783 individuals were divided into three groups according to a number of present MetS components. The VAI cut-offs signaling MetS and HOMA-IR were determined by maximizing the sum of the sensitivity and specificity. Correlation analysis was performed to explore the associations between VAI and other tested parameters. A logistic stepwise regression analysis was applied to identify statistically significant determinants of HOMA-IR. Given the variability of reference values, two thresholds of HOMA-IR were applied, namely 2.0 and 3.8. Results: VAI increased significantly between the groups with a rising number of MetS components. The VAI cut-off for MetS was 2.37, with a sensitivity of 0.86 and a specificity of 0.78. The same cut-off point identified subjects with HOMA-IR = 3.8, with a sensitivity of 0.79 and a specificity of 0.66. The VAI cut-off for HOMA-IR = 2.0 was 1.89, with a sensitivity of 0.74 and a specificity of 0.68. The strongest correlations of VAI were noted with HOMA-IR (r = 0.51) and insulin (r = 0.49), respectively, while the strongest correlation of HOMA-IR was with waist circumference (r = 0.54). Not one of the routine parameters was a significant predictor in the regression analysis. Conclusions: The obtained results show an existing association of VAI with HOMA-IR. The high sensitivity and specificity of the cut-offs may allow the application of VAI in common clinical practice.

• Keywords
• cardiometabolic risk, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome, visceral adiposity index,
• MeSH
• Obesity, Abdominal MeSH
• Adiposity MeSH
• Anthropometry * MeSH
• Adult MeSH
• Homeostasis MeSH
• Body Mass Index MeSH
• Insulin Resistance physiology   MeSH
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Logistic Models MeSH
• Metabolic Syndrome diagnosis   physiopathology   MeSH
• Intra-Abdominal Fat * MeSH
• Waist Circumference MeSH
• Risk Factors MeSH
• Sensitivity and Specificity MeSH
• Check Tag
• Adult MeSH
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Male MeSH
• Female MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH

BACKGROUND: The blood concentrations of total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) do not predict survival in patients older than 60 years. The atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) is a logarithm of the triacylglycerol to high-density lipoprotein (HDL) ratio and a surrogate for the concentration of small dense LDL. It might be a better reflection of the risk of all-cause death in elderly patients. METHODS: We conducted a prospective observational study of patients with arterial hypertension older than 60 years. The concentrations of total cholesterol, LDL, HDL and triacylglycerol were measured at the time of the recruitment and the patients were observed for 10 years. Cox regression analysis was performed to assess the effects of lipoproteins and AIP on survival. RESULTS: A total of 500 patients were recruited and 473 of them (226 men, 247 women) either died or successfully completed the 10-year follow-up and were included in the analysis. The AIP was positively associated, while HDL concentration was negatively associated with the risk of all-cause death adjusted for age, smoking habits, statin use, history of diabetes mellitus, myocardial infarction, stroke and peripheral artery occlusive disease (PAOD) in elderly women but not in men. The LDL, total cholesterol, triacylglycerol and non-HDL concentrations were not associated with the risk of death in both sexes. CONCLUSIONS: The AIP is positively associated with the risk of all-cause death in elderly women with arterial hypertension independent of age, smoking habits, statin therapy and comorbidities.

• Keywords
• Atherogenic index, Elderly population, HDL, LDL, Risk of mortality,
• MeSH
• Algorithms MeSH
• Atherosclerosis blood   mortality   MeSH
• Cholesterol blood   MeSH
• Hypertension blood   mortality   MeSH
• Cholesterol, LDL blood   MeSH
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Lipoproteins, HDL blood   MeSH
• Lipoproteins, LDL blood   MeSH
• Prospective Studies MeSH
• Aged MeSH
• Triglycerides blood   MeSH
• Check Tag
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Aged MeSH
• Female MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Observational Study MeSH
• Geographicals
• Slovakia MeSH
• Names of Substances
• Cholesterol MeSH
• Cholesterol, LDL MeSH
• Lipoproteins, HDL MeSH
• Lipoproteins, LDL MeSH
• Triglycerides MeSH

BACKGROUND: Atherogenic dyslipoproteinemia is one of the most important risk factor for atherosclerotic changes development. Hypothyroidism is one of the most common causes of secondary dyslipidemias which results from reduced LDL clearance and therefore raised levels of LDL and apoB. Association between small dense LDL (sdLDL) presentation and thyroid status has been examinated using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis for lipoprotein subfractions evaluation. METHODS: 40 patients with diagnosed autoimmune hypothyroidism and 30 patients with autoimmune hyperthyroidism were treated with thyroxine replacement or thyreo-suppressive treatment. In both groups lipid profiles, LDL subractions, apolipoproteins (apoA1, apoB), apoA1/apoB ratio and atherogenic index of plazma (AIP) were examined before treatment and in state of euthyreosis. RESULTS: Thyroxine replacement therapy significantly reduced levels of total cholesterol (TC), LDL, triglycerides (TG) and also decreased levels of sdLDL (8,55±11,671 vs 0,83±1,693mg/dl; p<0,001), apoB and AIP. For estimation of atherogenic lipoprotein profile existence an AIP evaluation seems to be better than apoB measurement because of the more evident relationship with sdLDL (r=0,538; p<0,01). Thyreo-suppressive therapy significantly increased levels of TC, LDL, TG and apoB. The sdLDL was not found in hyperthyroid patients. CONCLUSIONS: Atherogenic lipoprotein profile was present in 52.5% of hypothyroid subjects, which is higher prevalence than in normal, age-related population. Substitution treatment leads to an improvement of the lipid levels, TG, apoB, AIP and LDL subclasses. It significantly changed the presentation of sdLDL - we noticed shift to large, less atherogenic LDL particles. Significantly positive correlation between sdLDL and TAG; sdLDL and VLDL alerts to hypertriglyceridemia as a major cardiovascular risk factor.

• MeSH
• Apolipoprotein A-I blood   isolation & purification   MeSH
• Apolipoprotein B-100 blood   isolation & purification   MeSH
• Thyroiditis, Autoimmune MeSH
• Adult MeSH
• Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel MeSH
• Hashimoto Disease blood   drug therapy   MeSH
• Hyperthyroidism blood   drug therapy   MeSH
• Cholesterol, LDL blood   isolation & purification   MeSH
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Lipoproteins, VLDL blood   isolation & purification   MeSH
• Methimazole therapeutic use   MeSH
• Aged, 80 and over MeSH
• Aged MeSH
• Antithyroid Agents therapeutic use   MeSH
• Thyroxine therapeutic use   MeSH
• Check Tag
• Adult MeSH
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Male MeSH
• Aged, 80 and over MeSH
• Aged MeSH
• Female MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
• Names of Substances
• APOA1 protein, human MeSH Browser
• APOB protein, human MeSH Browser
• Apolipoprotein A-I MeSH
• Apolipoprotein B-100 MeSH
• Cholesterol, LDL MeSH
• Lipoproteins, VLDL MeSH
• Methimazole MeSH
• Antithyroid Agents MeSH
• Thyroxine MeSH

We examined the association between rate of cholesterol esterification in plasma depleted of apolipoprotein B-containing lipoproteins (FER(HDL)), atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) [(log (TG/HDL-C)], concentrations, and size of lipoproteins and changes in coronary artery stenosis in participants in the HDL-Atherosclerosis Treatment Study. A total of 160 patients was treated with simvastatin (S), niacin (N), antioxidants (A) and placebo (P) in four regimens. FER(HDL) was measured using a radioassay; the size and concentration of lipoprotein subclasses were determined by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The S+N and S+N+A therapy decreased AIP and FER(HDL), reduced total VLDL (mostly the large and medium size particles), decreased total LDL particles (mostly the small size), and increased total HDL particles (mostly the large size). FER(HDL) and AIP correlated negatively with particle sizes of HDL and LDL, positively with VLDL particle size, and closely with each other (r = 0.729). Changes in the proportions of small and large lipoprotein particles, which were reflected by FER(HDL) and AIP, corresponded with findings on coronary angiography. Logistic regression analysis of the changes in the coronary stenosis showed that probability of progression was best explained by FER(HDL) (P = 0.005). FER(HDL) and AIP reflect the actual composition of the lipoprotein spectrum and thus predict both the cardiovascular risk and effectiveness of therapy. AIP is already available for use in clinical practice as it can be readily calculated from the routine lipid profile.

• MeSH
• Antioxidants therapeutic use   MeSH
• Apolipoproteins B metabolism   MeSH
• Atherosclerosis blood   diagnostic imaging   drug therapy   metabolism   MeSH
• Cholesterol blood   metabolism   MeSH
• Esterification MeSH
• Drug Combinations MeSH
• Coronary Angiography * MeSH
• Coronary Stenosis complications   drug therapy   MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Lipoproteins blood   chemistry   MeSH
• Niacin therapeutic use   MeSH
• Simvastatin therapeutic use   MeSH
• Particle Size * MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Clinical Trial MeSH
• Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
• Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural MeSH
• Names of Substances
• Antioxidants MeSH
• Apolipoproteins B MeSH
• Cholesterol MeSH
• Drug Combinations MeSH
• Lipoproteins MeSH
• Niacin MeSH
• Simvastatin MeSH