Studies in humans and mice indicate the critical role of the surrogate light chain in the selection of the productive immunoglobulin repertoire during B cell development. However, subsequent studies using mutant mice have also demonstrated that alternative pathways are allowed. Our recent investigation has shown that some species, such as pig, physiologically use preferential rearrangement of authentic light chains, and become independent of surrogate light chains. Here we summarize the findings from swine and compare them with results in other species. In both groups, allelic and isotypic exclusions remain intact, so the different processes do not alter the paradigm of B-cell monospecificity. Both groups also retained some other essential processes, such as segregated and sequential rearrangement of heavy and light chain loci, preferential rearrangement of light chain kappa before lambda, and functional κ-deleting element recombination. On the other hand, the respective order of heavy and light chains rearrangement may vary, and rearrangement of the light chain kappa and lambda on different chromosomes may occur independently. Studies have also confirmed that the surrogate light chain is not required for the selection of the productive repertoire of heavy chains and can be substituted by authentic light chains. These findings are important for understanding evolutional approaches, redundancy and efficiency of B-cell generation, dependencies on other regulatory factors, and strategies for constructing therapeutic antibodies in unrelated species. The results may also be important for explaining interspecies differences in the proportional use of light chains and for the understanding of divergences in rearrangement processes. Therefore, the division into two groups may not be definitive and there may be more groups of intermediate species.

• Klíčová slova
• B cell development, B cell receptors, cell differentiation, gene rearrangement, immunoglobulin heavy and light chains,
• MeSH
• alely MeSH
• B-lymfocyty MeSH
• geny pro imunoglobuliny * MeSH
• imunoglobuliny - kappa-řetězce * genetika   MeSH
• myši MeSH
• náhradní lehké řetězce imunoglobulinů genetika   MeSH
• prasata MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• myši MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• přehledy MeSH
• Názvy látek
• imunoglobuliny - kappa-řetězce * MeSH
• náhradní lehké řetězce imunoglobulinů MeSH

Cellular and humoral aspects of the immune response develop sequentially in the fetus. During the ontogeny, the pluripotent stem cells emerge and differentiate into all hematopoietic lineages. Basic questions including the identification of the first lympho-hematopoietic sites, the origin of T and B lymphocytes, the development of different subpopulations of alphabeta T, gammadelta T and B lymphocytes as well as development of innate immunity and the acquisition of full immunological capacities are discussed here for swine and compared with other species. The description of related topics such as fertilization, morphogenesis, maternal-fetal-neonatal physiology and early neonatal development are also discussed.

• MeSH
• B-lymfocyty cytologie   imunologie   metabolismus   MeSH
• buněčná imunita MeSH
• embryo savčí imunologie   MeSH
• hematopoetické kmenové buňky cytologie   imunologie   MeSH
• hematopoéza imunologie   MeSH
• imunitní systém embryologie   imunologie   MeSH
• lymfopoéza MeSH
• maternofetální výměna látek imunologie   MeSH
• morfogeneze imunologie   MeSH
• placentace imunologie   MeSH
• prasata embryologie   imunologie   virologie   MeSH
• přirozená imunita MeSH
• T-lymfocyty cytologie   imunologie   metabolismus   MeSH
• těhotenství MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• těhotenství MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• přehledy MeSH

In this report, we describe 12 subpopulations of porcine gammadelta thymocytes based on their expression of CD1, CD2, CD4, CD8- isoforms and CD45RC. Our data suggest that gammadelta thymocytes can be divided into two major families: (a) one large family of CD4-gammadelta thymocytes that could be further subdivided according to the CD2/CD8alphaalpha phenotype and (b) a small family of CD4+ gammadelta thymocytes bearing CD8alphabeta and possessing certain unusual features in comparison with other gammadelta thymocytes. Maturation of gammadelta thymocytes within the CD4- family begins with proliferation of the CD2+ CD8- CD1+ CD45RC- gammadelta common precursor. This developmental stage is followed by diversification into the CD2+ CD8alphaalpha+, CD2+ CD8- and CD2- CD8- subsets. Their further maturation is accompanied by a loss of expression of CD1 and by increased expression of CD45RC. Therefore, individual subsets develop from CD1+ CD45RC- through CD1- CD45RC- into CD1- CD45RC+ cells. On the other hand, gammadelta thymocytes within the CD4+ family bear exclusively CD8alphabeta, always express CD1, but may coexpress CD45RC. These cells have no counterpart in the periphery. Our observations suggest that all peripheral CD8+ gammadelta T cells express CD8alphaalpha and that two subsets of these cells differing in major histocompatibility complex II expression, occur. We propose that one subset acquires CD8alphaalpha in the thymus while the second acquires CD8alphaalpha as a result of stimulation in the periphery.

• MeSH
• antigeny CD1 imunologie   MeSH
• antigeny CD2 imunologie   MeSH
• antigeny CD45 imunologie   MeSH
• antigeny CD8 imunologie   MeSH
• buněčná diferenciace imunologie   MeSH
• buněčné dělení imunologie   MeSH
• CD antigeny imunologie   MeSH
• CD4-pozitivní T-lymfocyty imunologie   MeSH
• CD8-pozitivní T-lymfocyty imunologie   MeSH
• imunofenotypizace metody   MeSH
• kultivované buňky MeSH
• MHC antigeny II. třídy imunologie   MeSH
• modely u zvířat MeSH
• prasata MeSH
• receptory antigenů T-buněk gama-delta imunologie   MeSH
• slezina cytologie   imunologie   MeSH
• T-lymfocyty - podskupiny imunologie   MeSH
• thymus cytologie   embryologie   imunologie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• antigeny CD1 MeSH
• antigeny CD2 MeSH
• antigeny CD45 MeSH
• antigeny CD8 MeSH
• CD antigeny MeSH
• MHC antigeny II. třídy MeSH
• receptory antigenů T-buněk gama-delta MeSH