Oxidative stress induced by zero-valent iron nanoparticles (nZVIs) was used to improve lipid accumulation in various oleaginous and non-oleginous yeasts-Candida sp., Kluyveromyces polysporus, Rhodotorula glutinis, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Torulospora delbrueckii, Trichosporon cutaneum, and Yarrowia lipolytica. The highest lipid yields occurred at 9-13 mg/L nZVIs. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was used for the quantitative and qualitative analysis of the fatty acids. It showed an increasing abundance of polyunsaturated fatty acids, especially essential linoleic acid, in the presence of nZVIs. Our results suggest that nZVIs can be used to improve not only lipid production by oleaginous microorganisms but also the nutritional value of biosynthesized unsaturated fatty acids.

• MeSH
• cytosol chemie   MeSH
• kvasinky účinky léků   metabolismus   MeSH
• mastné kyseliny analýza   MeSH
• metabolismus lipidů * MeSH
• nanočástice metabolismus   MeSH
• oxidační stres * MeSH
• plynová chromatografie s hmotnostně spektrometrickou detekcí MeSH
• železo metabolismus   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• mastné kyseliny MeSH
• železo MeSH

Markers for evaluating the establishment of cyanobacteria based on their sensitivity or resistance to antibiotics, saccharide utilization patterns and PCR generated fingerprints were developed. Four selected strains (isolates from rhizosphere soils of diverse agro-ecosystems) have shown potential as diazotrophs and exhibited plant growth promoting abilities. Different responses were obtained on screening against 40 antibiotics, which aided in developing selectable antibiotic markers for each strain. Biochemical profiles generated using standardized chromogenic identification system (including saccharide utilization tests) revealed that 53 % of the saccharides tested were not utilized by any strain, while some strains exhibited unique ability for utilization of saccharides such as melibiose, cellobiose, maltose and glucosamine. PCR based amplification profiles developed using a number of primers based on repeat sequences revealed the utility of 3 primers in providing unique fingerprints for the strains.

• MeSH
• antibakteriální látky farmakologie   MeSH
• bakteriální léková rezistence MeSH
• disacharidy metabolismus   MeSH
• DNA fingerprinting metody   MeSH
• DNA primery MeSH
• fylogeneze MeSH
• mikrobiální testy citlivosti MeSH
• molekulární sekvence - údaje MeSH
• polymerázová řetězová reakce metody   MeSH
• půdní mikrobiologie * MeSH
• rhizosféra * MeSH
• sinice klasifikace   účinky léků   genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• zemědělství metody   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• antibakteriální látky MeSH
• disacharidy MeSH
• DNA primery MeSH

Lyngbya major (a wall alga), survived throughout year, maximally to >80 % at atmospheric temperature (AT) of 17-36 degrees C and relative humidity (RH) 60-100 % in rainy and spring seasons, but the survival was 43-64 % in winter when AT decreased to 5 degrees C and RH was 65-98 %, and 15-23 % in summer when AT reached 48 degrees C and RH was 23-60 %. All soil algae (Lyngbya birgei, Aphanothece pallida, Gloeocapsa atrata, Oscillatoria subbrevis, O. animalis) survived >90 % in rainy season when soil moisture content (SMC) was 89-100 %. Lowering of SMC to a minimum of 55 % in spring and 39 % in winter led L. birgei, O. subbrevis and O. animalis to survive from 75, 66, and 65 %, respectively, in spring and 12, 14, and 20 % in winter, and A. pallida and G. atrata not at all in both seasons. All soil algae did not survive in summer when SMC was 12-30 %. Myxosarcina burmensis survived only in rainy and spring seasons when pond water temperature (PWT) was 19-25 degrees C and 18-26 degrees C, respectively, and not in winter and summer when PWT was 2-14 degrees C and 25-36 degrees C, respectively. L. major and A. pallida survived almost equally well under both submerged and air-exposed conditions for 15 d but less if submerged for more time than air-exposed on moist soil surface, while L. birgei, G. atrata, O. subbrevis, and O. animalis survived submergence in liquid medium better and longer than air-exposure on moist soil surface. Pond alga M. burmensis survived submergence better than air-exposure, true to its aquatic habitat. All algae survived less and died without forming any resistant cells when exposed to physical and physiological water stress (imposed by growing them on highly agarized media or in salinized liquid media), light stress (at 0, 2 and 10 micromol m(-2) s(-1) light intensity) or following UV shock (0.96-3.84 kJ/m(2)). A. pallida and G. atrata cells did not divide on 8 % agarized solid media, in > or =0.3 mol/L salinized liquid media, and in darkness. The presence of sheath over L. major and L. birgei filament cells and mucilage cover over A. pallida and G. atrata cells protect them against physical desiccation to some extent but not against UV shock.

• MeSH
• ekosystém MeSH
• fyziologický stres MeSH
• mikrobiální viabilita * účinky záření   MeSH
• půda MeSH
• půdní mikrobiologie * MeSH
• roční období MeSH
• sinice fyziologie   účinky záření   MeSH
• teplota MeSH
• ultrafialové záření MeSH
• vlhkost MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• půda MeSH

Interpretation of gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric data of oligosaccharide alditols was used to determine their structures and to derive the structure of a water soluble polysaccharide isolated from Chlorella kessleri. 1H- and 13C-NMR was employed to assess the configuration of glycosidic bonds and individual monosaccharides were assigned to the L or D series by means of gas chromatography of the acetylated (S)-2-butyl glycosides.

• MeSH
• Chlorella chemie   MeSH
• cukerné alkoholy chemie   MeSH
• oligosacharidy s větvenými řetězci chemie   MeSH
• plynová chromatografie s hmotnostně spektrometrickou detekcí MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• cukerné alkoholy MeSH
• oligosacharidy s větvenými řetězci MeSH

This paper provides a comprehensive overview of metabolites, including lipids and lipid-like compounds, nitrogen metabolites, oligopeptides and amino acid derivatives, produced by cyanobacteria of the genera Anabaenopsis, Aphanizomenon, Aulosira, Cylindrospermopsis, Cylindrospermum, Nodularia, and Richelia of the family Nostocaceae.

• MeSH
• aminokyseliny metabolismus   MeSH
• bakteriální polysacharidy metabolismus   MeSH
• bakteriální toxiny metabolismus   MeSH
• hydroxykyseliny metabolismus   MeSH
• metabolismus lipidů MeSH
• Nostoc chemie   klasifikace   metabolismus   MeSH
• oligopeptidy metabolismus   MeSH
• sloučeniny dusíku metabolismus   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• přehledy MeSH
• Názvy látek
• aminokyseliny MeSH
• bakteriální polysacharidy MeSH
• bakteriální toxiny MeSH
• hydroxykyseliny MeSH
• oligopeptidy MeSH
• sloučeniny dusíku MeSH

The influence of high light intensity on the growth and pigment accumulating ability of Anabaena azollae was investigated. A. azollae responded positively to high light intensity (6 klx) and was further evaluated at higher intensities (10 and 15 klx), in the presence of glucose, sucrose and jaggery +/- DCMU. Significant enhancement in phycobiliproteins and carotenoids was observed in the sugar supplemented cultures at high light intensities. SDS-PAGE profiles of whole cell proteins revealed the presence of unique bands in such treatments. Sucrose supplementation induced a 30-90 % increase in carotenoids, phycocyanin and phycoerythrin content at 10 klx. Molecular analysis of the stimulatory and interactive role of sugars on pigment enhancement at high light intensity may aid in better exploitation of cyanobacteria as a source of pigments.

• MeSH
• Anabaena chemie   růst a vývoj   metabolismus   účinky záření   MeSH
• bakteriální proteiny analýza   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• biologické pigmenty analýza   MeSH
• elektroforéza v polyakrylamidovém gelu MeSH
• fykocyanin analýza   MeSH
• fykoerythrin analýza   MeSH
• glukosa metabolismus   MeSH
• karotenoidy analýza   MeSH
• metabolismus sacharidů * MeSH
• proteom analýza   MeSH
• rostlinné extrakty metabolismus   MeSH
• Saccharum metabolismus   MeSH
• sacharosa metabolismus   MeSH
• světlo * MeSH
• světlosběrné proteinové komplexy analýza   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• bakteriální proteiny MeSH
• biologické pigmenty MeSH
• fykocyanin MeSH
• fykoerythrin MeSH
• glukosa MeSH
• Gur MeSH Prohlížeč
• karotenoidy MeSH
• proteom MeSH
• rostlinné extrakty MeSH
• sacharosa MeSH
• světlosběrné proteinové komplexy MeSH

Terrestrial blue-green algae Scytonema millei, Phormidium bohneri and Lyngbya mesotricha survived to 100 % at atmospheric temperatures of 5-36 degrees C and relative humidity 55-100 % in rainy, winter and spring seasons but the survival was 15-25 % in summer when atmospheric temperature reached 48 degrees C and relative humidity was < or =23 %. Microcoleus chthonoplastes maximum survival was =80 % in rainy season followed by a decrease to =1/2 and 1/4 level in winter and spring, respectively; it disappeared in summer but a few cells and/or trichomes enclosed within sheath may be surviving sticking to soil, not evident microscopically, since the population reappeared at the same place with the onset of rain. Terrestrial green alga Rhizoclonium crassipellitum survived only in spring and died at the onset of summer without forming any dormant cell and/or reproductive structure. Only P. bohneri survived better and longer under submerged conditions in liquid medium than air-exposed on moist soil surface in the culture chamber, while the other algae fared almost equally or slightly better air-exposed on moist soil surface (or even on 2 % agarized medium) than when suspended in liquid medium, indicating that air exposure rather than submerged conditions was needed for most of the terrestrial algae to survive. Water stress imposed on growing algae either on high-agar-solid media or in 0.2-0.6 mol/L NaCl liquid media in the culture chamber reduced vegetative survival in all; it resulted in death without any dormant cell remaining. When stored in desiccators over fused CaCl2, M. chthonoplastes died within 1/2 month, R. crassipellitum and L. mesotricha within 1 month, P. bohneri within 1/2 month, and S. millei not even within 1 1/2 month, indicating their survival pattern against atmospheric dryness to be wide; it also explained the M. chthonoplastes absence in summer and S. millei presence throughout the year. At increased atmospheric humidity the desiccation-sensitive algae (e.g., M. chthonoplastes) survived better than a desiccation-resistant alga (here S. millei). All algae survived considerable darkness (S. millei > 1 1/2 month; P. bohneri, M. chthonoplastes and R. crassipellitum >1 month, and L. mesotricha >1/2 month), and low light intensity of 2 and 10 micromol m(-2)s(-1) which explains their prolific growth in shady places. All algae were differently sensitive to wet heat (45 degrees C for 5-40 min) and to UV shock (0.96-3.84 kJ/m2).

• MeSH
• Chlorophyta fyziologie   účinky záření   MeSH
• ekosystém * MeSH
• hypertonický solný roztok MeSH
• roční období MeSH
• sinice fyziologie   účinky záření   MeSH
• teplota MeSH
• ultrafialové záření MeSH
• vlhkost MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• hypertonický solný roztok MeSH