Abundances of EPT larvae sampled in a Central European locality affected by mining and smelting, as well as by the continual inflow of treated communal wastewaters (WWs), were recorded. High concentrations of trace metals in water (maximum 1200 µg·L-1 for zinc) and sediments (maximum 140,000 mg·kg-1 in dry weight for lead) were found at the most contaminated sites. The highest loads of pesticides, pharmaceuticals, and illegal drugs were found under the WW effluent. Other associated factors such as the physicochemical parameters of the water and alterations to microhabitats were also evaluated and taken into account. Although EPT richness was lower at affected sites, abundances did not fall. Stoneflies were dominant at unaffected sites, while caddisflies dominated at affected sites. Only baetid mayflies were detected at the sites contaminated by trace metals and WWs; ephemerellid, heptageniid, and leptophlebiid mayflies were absent from these sites. The site contaminated by trace metals was also inhabited by numerous limnephilid caddisflies, in which limb malformations were detected in up to 11.8% of all specimens of a single taxon. Downstream from the entrance of the WWs, the locality was dominated by hydropsychid caddisflies. The increasing prevalence of predator or passive filter-feeding strategies in these EPT communities was significantly related to increasing water conductivity and acute ecosystemic exposure to 'poorly treated' WWs.

• Klíčová slova
• anthropogenic disturbances, aquatic insect, environmental gradients, heavy metals, industrial pollution, wastewater treatment plant,
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

The growing consumption of pharmaceuticals in the human population and the insufficient efficiency of their elimination in waste water has a long-term negative impact on the environment of aquatic ecosystems, including the organisms that inhabit them. A significant contributor is the consumption of anti-depressants from the SSRI group, which corresponds to their increasing concentration in the environment. The aim of this work was to determine if antidepressant sertraline is able to be stored in fish organisms and to evaluate the content of residues in various body tissues. Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchuss mykkis) was selected as the test organism and was artificially exposed to the antidepressant for 1 month (concentrations 0; 4.2; 44 and 400 ng.g-1 sertraline in the feed). Liver, kidney, brain and muscle tissue biopsies samples were taken for analysis. Detection was performed using an Accela 1250 LC pump and an Accela autosampler coupled with a high-performance mass analyzer with a heated electrospray ionization source Q-Exactive Orbitrap, operating in positive ionization mode and in PRM mode (m/z 306.08108->275.03888 and 309.009991->275.03888 for sertraline and internal standard, respectively). The limit of quantification of the method was 0.1 ng.g-1 of sertraline and the calibration curve showed a good linearity up to 20 ng.g-1. From the collected data, amount of residues was found in the liver, kidney and brain. In contrast, the incidence of residues in muscle tissue was not detected in all groups, which is favorable from the point of view of fish meat consumption, by humans.

• MeSH
• chemické látky znečišťující vodu analýza   MeSH
• hmotnostní spektrometrie s elektrosprejovou ionizací * MeSH
• obsah radioaktivních látek v organizmu MeSH
• Oncorhynchus mykiss metabolismus   MeSH
• rezidua léčiv analýza   MeSH
• selektivní inhibitory zpětného vychytávání serotoninu analýza   MeSH
• sertralin analýza   MeSH
• tandemová hmotnostní spektrometrie * MeSH
• tkáňová distribuce MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• chemické látky znečišťující vodu MeSH
• selektivní inhibitory zpětného vychytávání serotoninu MeSH
• sertralin MeSH

A robust and widely applicable method for sampling of aquatic microbial biofilm and further sample processing is presented. The method is based on next-generation sequencing of V4-V5 variable regions of 16S rRNA gene and further statistical analysis of sequencing data, which could be useful not only to investigate taxonomic composition of biofilm bacterial consortia but also to assess aquatic ecosystem health. Five artificial materials commonly used for biofilm growth (glass, stainless steel, aluminum, polypropylene, polyethylene) were tested to determine the one giving most robust and reproducible results. The effect of used sampler material on total microbial composition was not statistically significant; however, the non-plastic materials (glass, metal) gave more stable outputs without irregularities among sample parallels. The bias of the method is assessed with respect to the employment of a non-quantitative step (PCR amplification) to obtain quantitative results (relative abundance of identified taxa). This aspect is often overlooked in ecological and medical studies. We document that sequencing of a mixture of three merged primary PCR reactions for each sample and further evaluation of median values from three technical replicates for each sample enables to overcome this bias and gives robust and repeatable results well distinguishing among sampling localities and seasons.

• MeSH
• Bacteria klasifikace   genetika   MeSH
• biofilmy * růst a vývoj   MeSH
• mikrobiologie vody * MeSH
• mikrobiota genetika   MeSH
• monitorování životního prostředí metody   MeSH
• odběr biologického vzorku MeSH
• reprodukovatelnost výsledků MeSH
• RNA ribozomální 16S genetika   MeSH
• sekvenční analýza DNA * MeSH
• vysoce účinné nukleotidové sekvenování * MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• srovnávací studie MeSH
• Názvy látek
• RNA ribozomální 16S MeSH

Synthetic musk compounds are extensively used in personal care and cosmetic products all over the world. Afterwards, they are discharged into the environment mainly because they are not completely removed in wastewater treatment plants. The aim of this study was to investigate if a passive sampler is applicable for the monitoring of tonalide, a polycyclic musk compound, in the aquatic environment and to compare the levels of tonalide in pesticide-polar organic chemical integrative sampler (POCIS) and biota. For this purpose, four sampling localities on the three biggest rivers in the Czech Republic were selected. Tonalide was determined in POCIS at all sampling sites in the concentration ranging from 9 ng/POCIS (Labe River, Hradec Králové) to 25 ng/POCIS (Morava River, Blatec). The locality with the most frequent occurrence of tonalide in biota samples was the Morava River which well corresponded with the highest tonalide concentration in POCIS among sampling sites. The highest number of positive tonalide detections among all studied biota samples was found in fish plasma. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first evidence that tonalide bioaccumulates in fish blood. Tonalide levels were below the limit of quantification in benthos samples at all sampling sites.

• Klíčová slova
• Benthos, Bioaccumulation, Fish, Musk, Mussel, POCIS, Plasma,
• MeSH
• chemické látky znečišťující vodu analýza   MeSH
• kosmetické přípravky analýza   MeSH
• limita detekce MeSH
• monitorování životního prostředí přístrojové vybavení   metody   MeSH
• odpadní voda chemie   MeSH
• pesticidy analýza   MeSH
• řeky chemie   MeSH
• společenstvo MeSH
• tetrahydronaftaleny analýza   MeSH
• vodní organismy chemie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH
• Názvy látek
• acetyl methyl tetramethyl tetralin MeSH Prohlížeč
• chemické látky znečišťující vodu MeSH
• kosmetické přípravky MeSH
• odpadní voda MeSH
• pesticidy MeSH
• tetrahydronaftaleny MeSH

The aim of this study was to develop a simple extraction procedure and a multiresidual liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method for determination of a wide range of pharmaceuticals from various soil types. An extraction procedure for 91 pharmaceuticals from 13 soil types, followed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis, was optimized. The extraction efficiencies of three solvent mixtures for ultrasonic extraction were evaluated for 91 pharmaceuticals. The best results were obtained using acetonitrile/water (1/1 v/v with 0.1 % formic acid) followed by acetonitrile/2-propanol/water (3/3/4 v/v/v with 0.1 % formic acid) for extracting 63 pharmaceuticals. The method was validated at three fortification levels (10, 100, and 1000 ng/g) in all types of representative soils; recovery of 44 pharmaceuticals ranged between 55 and 135 % across all tested soils. The method was applied to analyze actual environmental samples of sediments, soils, and sludge, and 24 pharmaceuticals were found above limit of quantification with concentrations ranging between 0.83 ng/g (fexofenadine) and 223 ng/g (citalopram).

• Klíčová slova
• Extraction efficiency, Extraction method, Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, Matrix effects, Sediments, Sludge, Validation,
• MeSH
• 2-propanol MeSH
• acetonitrily MeSH
• chromatografie kapalinová metody   MeSH
• látky znečišťující půdu analýza   MeSH
• léčivé přípravky analýza   MeSH
• monitorování životního prostředí metody   MeSH
• odpadní vody chemie   MeSH
• půda chemie   MeSH
• tandemová hmotnostní spektrometrie metody   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• validační studie MeSH
• Názvy látek
• 2-propanol MeSH
• acetonitrile MeSH Prohlížeč
• acetonitrily MeSH
• látky znečišťující půdu MeSH
• léčivé přípravky MeSH
• odpadní vody MeSH
• půda MeSH