The rapid pace of name changes of medically important fungi is creating challenges for clinical laboratories and clinicians involved in patient care. We describe two sources of name change which have different drivers, at the species versus the genus level. Some suggestions are made here to reduce the number of name changes. We urge taxonomists to provide diagnostic markers of taxonomic novelties. Given the instability of phylogenetic trees due to variable taxon sampling, we advocate to maintain genera at the largest possible size. Reporting of identified species in complexes or series should where possible comprise both the name of the overarching species and that of the molecular sibling, often cryptic species. Because the use of different names for the same species will be unavoidable for many years to come, an open access online database of the names of all medically important fungi, with proper nomenclatural designation and synonymy, is essential. We further recommend that while taxonomic discovery continues, the adaptation of new name changes by clinical laboratories and clinicians be reviewed routinely by a standing committee for validation and stability over time, with reference to an open access database, wherein reasons for changes are listed in a transparent way.

• Klíčová slova
• fungi, nomenclature, taxonomy,
• MeSH
• databáze faktografické MeSH
• fylogeneze MeSH
• houby * genetika   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

Aspergillus section Candidi encompasses white- or yellow-sporulating species mostly isolated from indoor and cave environments, food, feed, clinical material, soil and dung. Their identification is non-trivial due to largely uniform morphology. This study aims to re-evaluate the species boundaries in the section Candidi and present an overview of all existing species along with information on their ecology. For the analyses, we assembled a set of 113 strains with diverse origin. For the molecular analyses, we used DNA sequences of three house-keeping genes (benA, CaM and RPB2) and employed species delimitation methods based on a multispecies coalescent model. Classical phylogenetic methods and genealogical concordance phylogenetic species recognition (GCPSR) approaches were used for comparison. Phenotypic studies involved comparisons of macromorphology on four cultivation media, seven micromorphological characters and growth at temperatures ranging from 10 to 45 °C. Based on the integrative approach comprising four criteria (phylogenetic and phenotypic), all currently accepted species gained support, while two new species are proposed (A. magnus and A. tenebricus). In addition, we proposed the new name A. neotritici to replace an invalidly described A. tritici. The revised section Candidi now encompasses nine species, some of which manifest a high level of intraspecific genetic and/or phenotypic variability (e.g., A. subalbidus and A. campestris) while others are more uniform (e.g., A. candidus or A. pragensis). The growth rates on different media and at different temperatures, colony colours, production of soluble pigments, stipe dimensions and vesicle diameters contributed the most to the phenotypic species differentiation. Taxonomic novelties: New species: Aspergillus magnus Glässnerová & Hubka; Aspergillus neotritici Glässnerová & Hubka; Aspergillus tenebricus Houbraken, Glässnerová & Hubka. Citation: Glässnerová K, Sklenář F, Jurjević Ž, Houbraken J, Yaguchi T, Visagie CM, Gené J, Siqueira JPZ, Kubátová A, Kolařík M, Hubka V (2022). A monograph of Aspergillus section Candidi. Studies in Mycology 102: 1-51. doi: 10.3114/sim.2022.102.01.

• Klíčová slova
• Aspergillus candidus, Aspergillus tritici, genealogical concordance, integrative taxonomy, intraspecific variability, multispecies coalescent model,
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

The Aspergillus series Nigri contains biotechnologically and medically important species. They can produce hazardous mycotoxins, which is relevant due to the frequent occurrence of these species on foodstuffs and in the indoor environment. The taxonomy of the series has undergone numerous rearrangements, and currently, there are 14 species accepted in the series, most of which are considered cryptic. Species-level identifications are, however, problematic or impossible for many isolates even when using DNA sequencing or MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry, indicating a possible problem in the definition of species limits or the presence of undescribed species diversity. To re-examine the species boundaries, we collected DNA sequences from three phylogenetic markers (benA, CaM and RPB2) for 276 strains from series Nigri and generated 18 new whole-genome sequences. With the three-gene dataset, we employed phylogenetic methods based on the multispecies coalescence model, including four single-locus methods (GMYC, bGMYC, PTP and bPTP) and one multilocus method (STACEY). From a total of 15 methods and their various settings, 11 supported the recognition of only three species corresponding to the three main phylogenetic lineages: A. niger, A. tubingensis and A. brasiliensis. Similarly, recognition of these three species was supported by the GCPSR approach (Genealogical Concordance Phylogenetic Species Recognition) and analysis in DELINEATE software. We also showed that the phylogeny based on benA, CaM and RPB2 is suboptimal and displays significant differences from a phylogeny constructed using 5 752 single-copy orthologous proteins; therefore, the results of the delimitation methods may be subject to a higher than usual level of uncertainty. To overcome this, we randomly selected 200 genes from these genomes and performed ten independent STACEY analyses, each with 20 genes. All analyses supported the recognition of only one species in the A. niger and A. brasiliensis lineages, while one to four species were inconsistently delimited in the A. tubingensis lineage. After considering all of these results and their practical implications, we propose that the revised series Nigri includes six species: A. brasiliensis, A. eucalypticola, A. luchuensis (syn. A. piperis), A. niger (syn. A. vinaceus and A. welwitschiae), A. tubingensis (syn. A. chiangmaiensis, A. costaricensis, A. neoniger and A. pseudopiperis) and A. vadensis. We also showed that the intraspecific genetic variability in the redefined A. niger and A. tubingensis does not deviate from that commonly found in other aspergilli. We supplemented the study with a list of accepted species, synonyms and unresolved names, some of which may threaten the stability of the current taxonomy. Citation: Bian C, Kusuya Y, Sklenář F, D'hooge E, Yaguchi T, Ban S, Visagie CM, Houbraken J, Takahashi H, Hubka V (2022). Reducing the number of accepted species in Aspergillus series Nigri. Studies in Mycology 102: 95-132. doi: 10.3114/sim.2022.102.03.

• Klíčová slova
• Aspergillus luchuensis, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus tubingensis, clinical fungi, indoor fungi, infraspecific variability, multigene phylogeny, multispecies coalescence model, ochratoxin A, species delimitation,
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Aspergillus series Versicolores members occur in a wide range of environments and substrates such as indoor environments, food, clinical materials, soil, caves, marine or hypersaline ecosystems. The taxonomy of the series has undergone numerous re-arrangements including a drastic reduction in the number of species and subsequent recovery to 17 species in the last decade. The identification to species level is however problematic or impossible in some isolates even using DNA sequencing or MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry indicating a problem in the definition of species boundaries. To revise the species limits, we assembled a large dataset of 518 strains. From these, a total of 213 strains were selected for the final analysis according to their calmodulin (CaM) genotype, substrate and geography. This set was used for phylogenetic analysis based on five loci (benA, CaM, RPB2, Mcm7, Tsr1). Apart from the classical phylogenetic methods, we used multispecies coalescence (MSC) model-based methods, including one multilocus method (STACEY) and five single-locus methods (GMYC, bGMYC, PTP, bPTP, ABGD). Almost all species delimitation methods suggested a broad species concept with only four species consistently supported. We also demonstrated that the currently applied concept of species is not sustainable as there are incongruences between single-gene phylogenies resulting in different species identifications when using different gene regions. Morphological and physiological data showed overall lack of good, taxonomically informative characters, which could be used for identification of such a large number of existing species. The characters expressed either low variability across species or significant intraspecific variability exceeding interspecific variability. Based on the above-mentioned results, we reduce series Versicolores to four species, namely A. versicolor, A. creber, A. sydowii and A. subversicolor, and the remaining species are synonymized with either A. versicolor or A. creber. The revised descriptions of the four accepted species are provided. They can all be identified by any of the five genes used in this study. Despite the large reduction in species number, identification based on phenotypic characters remains challenging, because the variation in phenotypic characters is high and overlapping among species, especially between A. versicolor and A. creber. Similar to the 17 narrowly defined species, the four broadly defined species do not have a specific ecology and are distributed worldwide. We expect that the application of comparable methodology with extensive sampling could lead to a similar reduction in the number of cryptic species in other extensively studied Aspergillus species complexes and other fungal genera. Citation: Sklenář F, Glässnerová K, Jurjević Ž, Houbraken J, Samson RA, Visagie CM, Yilmaz N, Gené J, Cano J, Chen AJ, Nováková A, Yaguchi T, Kolařík M, Hubka V (2022). Taxonomy of Aspergillus series Versicolores: species reduction and lessons learned about intraspecific variability. Studies in Mycology 102 : 53-93. doi: 10.3114/sim.2022.102.02.

• Klíčová slova
• Aspergillus creber, Aspergillus sydowii, Aspergillus versicolor, indoor fungi, multispecies coalescent model, osmotolerance, species delimitation, sterigmatocystin,
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Chloridium is a little-studied group of soil- and wood-inhabiting dematiaceous hyphomycetes that share a rare mode of phialidic conidiogenesis on multiple loci. The genus has historically been divided into three morphological sections, i.e. Chloridium, Gongromeriza, and Psilobotrys. Sexual morphs have been placed in the widely perceived genus Chaetosphaeria, but unlike their asexual counterparts, they show little or no morphological variation. Recent molecular studies have expanded the generic concept to include species defined by a new set of morphological characters, such as the collar-like hyphae, setae, discrete phialides, and penicillately branched conidiophores. The study is based on the consilience of molecular species delimitation methods, phylogenetic analyses, ancestral state reconstruction, morphological hypotheses, and global biogeographic analyses. The multilocus phylogeny demonstrated that the classic concept of Chloridium is polyphyletic, and the original sections are not congeneric. Therefore, we abolish the existing classification and propose to restore the generic status of Gongromeriza and Psilobotrys. We present a new generic concept and define Chloridium as a monophyletic, polythetic genus comprising 37 species distributed in eight sections. In addition, of the taxa earlier referred to Gongromeriza, two have been redisposed to the new genus Gongromerizella. Analysis of published metabarcoding data showed that Chloridium is a common soil fungus representing a significant (0.3 %) proportion of sequence reads in environmental samples deposited in the GlobalFungi database. The analysis also showed that they are typically associated with forest habitats, and their distribution is strongly influenced by climate, which is confirmed by our data on their ability to grow at different temperatures. We demonstrated that Chloridium forms species-specific ranges of distribution, which is rarely documented for microscopic soil fungi. Our study shows the feasibility of using the GlobalFungi database to study the biogeography and ecology of fungi. Taxonomic novelties: New genus: Gongromerizella Réblová; New sections: Chloridium section Cryptogonytrichum Réblová, Hern.-Restr., M. Kolařík & F. Sklenar, Chloridium section Gonytrichopsis Réblová, Hern.-Restr., M. Kolařík & F. Sklenar, Chloridium section Metachloridium Réblová, Hern.-Restr., M. Kolařík & F. Sklenar, Chloridium section Volubilia Réblová, Hern.-Restr., M. Kolařík & F. Sklenar; New species: Chloridium bellum Réblová & Hern.-Restr., Chloridium biforme Réblová & Hern.-Restr., Chloridium detriticola Réblová & Hern.-Restr., Chloridium gamsii Réblová & Hern.-Restr., Chloridium guttiferum Réblová & Hern.-Restr., Chloridium moratum Réblová & Hern.-Restr., Chloridium peruense Réblová & Hern.-Restr., Chloridium novae-zelandiae Réblová & Hern.-Restr., Chloridium elongatum Réblová & Hern.-Restr., Chloridium volubile Réblová & Hern.-Restr.; New varieties: Chloridium bellum var. luteum Réblová & Hern.-Restr., Chloridium detriticola var. effusum Réblová & Hern.-Restr., Chloridium chloridioides var. convolutum Réblová & Hern.-Restr.; New combinations: Chloridium section Gonytrichum (Nees & T. Nees) Réblová, Hern.-Restr., M. Kolařík & F. Sklenar, Chloridium section Mesobotrys (Sacc.) Réblová, Hern.-Restr., M. Kolařík & F. Sklenar, Chloridium section Pseudophialocephala (M.S. Calabon et al.) Réblová, Hern.-Restr., M. Kolařík & F. Sklenar, Chloridium simile (W. Gams & Hol.-Jech.) Réblová & Hern.-Restr., Chloridium chloridioides (W. Gams & Hol.-Jech.) Réblová & Hern.-Restr., Chloridium subglobosum (W. Gams & Hol.-Jech.) Réblová & Hern.-Restr., Chloridium fuscum (Corda) Réblová & Hern.-Restr., Chloridium ypsilosporum (Hol.-Jech.) Réblová & Hern.-Restr., Chloridium costaricense (G. Weber et al.) Réblová & Hern.-Restr., Chloridium cuneatum (N.G. Liu et al.) Réblová & Hern.-Restr., Fusichloridium cylindrosporum (W. Gams & Hol.-Jech.) Réblová, Gongromeriza myriocarpa (Fr.) Réblová, Gongromeriza pygmaea (P. Karst.) Réblová, Gongromerizella lignicola (F. Mangenot) Réblová, Gongromerizella pachytrachela (W. Gams & Hol.-Jech) Réblová, Gongromerizella pini (Crous & Akulov) Réblová; New name: Chloridium pellucidum Réblová & Hern.-Restr.; Epitypifications (basionyms): Chaetopsis fusca Corda, Gonytrichum caesium var. subglobosum W. Gams & Hol.-Jech.; Lectotypification (basionym): Gonytrichum caesium Nees & T. Nees. Citation: Réblová M, Hernández-Restrepo M, Sklenář F, Nekvindová J, Réblová K, Kolařík M (2022). Consolidation of Chloridium: new classification into eight sections with 37 species and reinstatement of the genera Gongromeriza and Psilobotrys. Studies in Mycology 103: 87-212. doi: 10.3114/sim.2022.103.04.

• Klíčová slova
• 35 new taxa, Chaetosphaeriaceae, molecular systematics, phialidic conidiogenesis, soil fungi, species delimitation methods, wood-inhabiting fungi,
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Trichophyton erinacei is a main cause of dermatophytosis in hedgehogs and is increasingly reported from human infections worldwide. This pathogen was originally described in the European hedgehog (Erinaceus europaeus) but is also frequently found in the African four-toed hedgehog (Atelerix albiventris), a popular pet animal worldwide. Little is known about the taxonomy and population genetics of this pathogen despite its increasing importance in clinical practice. Notably, whether there are different populations or even cryptic species associated with different hosts or geographic regions is not known. To answer these questions, we collected 161 isolates, performed phylogenetic and population-genetic analyses, determined mating-type, and characterised morphology and physiology. Multigene phylogeny and microsatellite analysis supported T. erinacei as a monophyletic species, in contrast to highly incongruent single-gene phylogenies. Two main subpopulations, one specific mainly to Atelerix and second to Erinaceus hosts, were identified inside T. erinacei, and slight differences in the size of microconidia and antifungal susceptibilities were observed among them. Although the process of speciation into two lineages is ongoing in T. erinacei, there is still gene flow between these populations. Thus, we present T. erinacei as a single species, with notable intraspecies variability in genotype and phenotype. The data from wild hedgehogs indicated that sexual reproduction in T. erinacei and de novo infection of hedgehogs from soil are probably rare events and that clonal horizontal spread strongly dominates. The molecular typing approach used in this study represents a suitable tool for further epidemiological surveillance of this emerging pathogen in both animals and humans. The results of this study also highlighted the need to use a multigene phylogeny ideally in combination with other independent molecular markers to understand the species boundaries of dermatophytes. Citation: Čmoková A, Kolařík M, Guillot J, et al. 2022. Host-driven subspeciation in the hedgehog fungus, Trichophyton erinacei, an emerging cause of human dermatophytosis. Persoonia 48: 203-218. https://doi.org/10.3767/persoonia.2022.48.06.

• Klíčová slova
• Trichophyton benhamiae complex, epizootic fungal infections, microsatellite typing, multigene phylogeny, population genetics, skin infections, zoophilic dermatophytes,
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Since the last revision in 2015, the taxonomy of section Flavipedes evolved rapidly along with the availability of new species delimitation techniques. This study aims to re-evaluate the species boundaries of section Flavipedes members using modern delimitation methods applied to an extended set of strains (n = 90) collected from various environments. The analysis used DNA sequences of three house-keeping genes (benA, CaM, RPB2) and consisted of two steps: application of several single-locus (GMYC, bGMYC, PTP, bPTP) and multi-locus (STACEY) species delimitation methods to sort the isolates into putative species, which were subsequently validated using DELINEATE software that was applied for the first time in fungal taxonomy. As a result, four new species are introduced, i.e. A. alboluteus, A. alboviridis, A. inusitatus and A. lanuginosus, and A. capensis is synonymized with A. iizukae. Phenotypic analyses were performed for the new species and their relatives, and the results showed that the growth parameters at different temperatures and colonies characteristics were useful for differentiation of these taxa. The revised section harbors 18 species, most of them are known from soil. However, the most common species from the section are ecologically diverse, occurring in the indoor environment (six species), clinical samples (five species), food and feed (four species), droppings (four species) and other less common substrates/environments. Due to the occurrence of section Flavipedes species in the clinical material/hospital environment, we also evaluated the susceptibility of 67 strains to six antifungals (amphotericin B, itraconazole, posaconazole, voriconazole, isavuconazole, terbinafine) using the reference EUCAST method. These results showed some potentially clinically relevant differences in susceptibility between species. For example, MICs higher than those observed for A. fumigatus wild-type were found for both triazoles and amphotericin B for A. ardalensis, A. iizukae, and A. spelaeus whereas A. lanuginosus, A. luppiae, A. movilensis, A. neoflavipes, A. olivimuriae and A. suttoniae were comparable to or more susceptible as A. fumigatus. Finally, terbinafine was in vitro active against all species except A. alboviridis.

• Klíčová slova
• Antifungal susceptibility testing, Aspergillus alboluteus F. Sklenar, Jurjević, Ezekiel, Houbraken & Hubka, Aspergillus alboviridis J.P.Z. Siqueira, Gené, F. Sklenar & Hubka, Aspergillus flavipes, Aspergillus inusitatus F. Sklenar, C. Silva Pereira, Houbraken & Hubka, Aspergillus lanuginosus F. Sklenar & Hubka, Clinical fungi, Indoor fungi, Multigene phylogeny, Soil-borne fungi, Species delimitation,
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

The enzymatic and antifungal profiles of dermatophytes play an important role in causing infections in humans and animals. This study aimed to assess the virulence factors produced by Microsporum canis strains, in vitro antifungal profile and the relationship between virulence, antifungal profile and occurrence of lesions in animals and humans. A total of 100 M. canis strains from humans with tinea corporis (n = 10) and from animals presenting (n = 64) or not (n = 26) skin lesions was employed to evaluate phospholipase (Pz), hemolytic (Hz), lipase (Lz), catalase (Ca), and thermotolerance (GI) activities. In addition, in vitro antifungal profile was conducted using the CLSI broth microdilution method. A statistically significant difference (p < 0.05) in Lz and Ca values was revealed among strains from hosts with and without lesions. Voriconazole, terbinafine, and posaconazole were the most active drugs followed by ketoconazole, griseofulvin, itraconazole, and fluconazole in decreasing activity order. The significant positive correlation between azole susceptibility profile of M. canis and virulence factors (i.e., hemolysin and catalase) suggest that both enzyme patterns and antifungal susceptibility play a role in the appearance of skin lesions in animals and humans.

• Klíčová slova
• Microsporum canis, antifungal susceptibility testing, catalase, dermatophytes, phospholipase, thermotolerance, virulence enzymes,
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

The Eurotiales is a relatively large order of Ascomycetes with members frequently having positive and negative impact on human activities. Species within this order gain attention from various research fields such as food, indoor and medical mycology and biotechnology. In this article we give an overview of families and genera present in the Eurotiales and introduce an updated subgeneric, sectional and series classification for Aspergillus and Penicillium. Finally, a comprehensive list of accepted species in the Eurotiales is given. The classification of the Eurotiales at family and genus level is traditionally based on phenotypic characters, and this classification has since been challenged using sequence-based approaches. Here, we re-evaluated the relationships between families and genera of the Eurotiales using a nine-gene sequence dataset. Based on this analysis, the new family Penicillaginaceae is introduced and four known families are accepted: Aspergillaceae, Elaphomycetaceae, Thermoascaceae and Trichocomaceae. The Eurotiales includes 28 genera: 15 genera are accommodated in the Aspergillaceae (Aspergillago, Aspergillus, Evansstolkia, Hamigera, Leiothecium, Monascus, Penicilliopsis, Penicillium, Phialomyces, Pseudohamigera, Pseudopenicillium, Sclerocleista, Warcupiella, Xerochrysium and Xeromyces), eight in the Trichocomaceae (Acidotalaromyces, Ascospirella, Dendrosphaera, Rasamsonia, Sagenomella, Talaromyces, Thermomyces, Trichocoma), two in the Thermoascaceae (Paecilomyces, Thermoascus) and one in the Penicillaginaceae (Penicillago). The classification of the Elaphomycetaceae was not part of this study, but according to literature two genera are present in this family (Elaphomyces and Pseudotulostoma). The use of an infrageneric classification system has a long tradition in Aspergillus and Penicillium. Most recent taxonomic studies focused on the sectional level, resulting in a well-established sectional classification in these genera. In contrast, a series classification in Aspergillus and Penicillium is often outdated or lacking, but is still relevant, e.g., the allocation of a species to a series can be highly predictive in what functional characters the species might have and might be useful when using a phenotype-based identification. The majority of the series in Aspergillus and Penicillium are invalidly described and here we introduce a new series classification. Using a phylogenetic approach, often supported by phenotypic, physiologic and/or extrolite data, Aspergillus is subdivided in six subgenera, 27 sections (five new) and 75 series (73 new, one new combination), and Penicillium in two subgenera, 32 sections (seven new) and 89 series (57 new, six new combinations). Correct identification of species belonging to the Eurotiales is difficult, but crucial, as the species name is the linking pin to information. Lists of accepted species are a helpful aid for researchers to obtain a correct identification using the current taxonomic schemes. In the most recent list from 2014, 339 Aspergillus, 354 Penicillium and 88 Talaromyces species were accepted. These numbers increased significantly, and the current list includes 446 Aspergillus (32 % increase), 483 Penicillium (36 % increase) and 171 Talaromyces (94 % increase) species, showing the large diversity and high interest in these genera. We expanded this list with all genera and species belonging to the Eurotiales (except those belonging to Elaphomycetaceae). The list includes 1 187 species, distributed over 27 genera, and contains MycoBank numbers, collection numbers of type and ex-type cultures, subgenus, section and series classification data, information on the mode of reproduction, and GenBank accession numbers of ITS, beta-tubulin (BenA), calmodulin (CaM) and RNA polymerase II second largest subunit (RPB2) gene sequences.

• Klíčová slova
• Acidotalaromyces Houbraken, Frisvad & Samson, Acidotalaromyces lignorum (Stolk) Houbraken, Frisvad & Samson, Ascospirella Houbraken, Frisvad & Samson, Ascospirella lutea (Zukal) Houbraken, Frisvad & Samson, Aspergillus chaetosartoryae Hubka, Kocsubé & Houbraken, Classification, Evansstolkia Houbraken, Frisvad & Samson, Evansstolkia leycettana (H.C. Evans & Stolk) Houbraken, Frisvad & Samson, Hamigera brevicompacta (H.Z. Kong) Houbraken, Frisvad & Samson, Infrageneric classification, New combinations, series, New combinations, species, New genera, New names, New sections, New series, New taxa, Nomenclature, Paecilomyces lagunculariae (C. Ram) Houbraken, Frisvad & Samson, Penicillaginaceae Houbraken, Frisvad & Samson, Penicillago kabunica (Baghd.) Houbraken, Frisvad & Samson, Penicillago mirabilis (Beliakova & Milko) Houbraken, Frisvad & Samson, Penicillago moldavica (Milko & Beliakova) Houbraken, Frisvad & Samson, Phialomyces arenicola (Chalab.) Houbraken, Frisvad & Samson, Phialomyces humicoloides (Bills & Heredia) Houbraken, Frisvad & Samson, Phylogeny, Polythetic classes, Pseudohamigera Houbraken, Frisvad & Samson, Pseudohamigera striata (Raper & Fennell) Houbraken, Frisvad & Samson, Talaromyces resinae (Z.T. Qi & H.Z. Kong) Houbraken & X.C. Wang, Talaromyces striatoconidius Houbraken, Frisvad & Samson, Taxonomic novelties: New family, Thermoascus verrucosus (Samson & Tansey) Houbraken, Frisvad & Samson, Thermoascus yaguchii Houbraken, Frisvad & Samson, in Aspergillus: sect. Bispori S.W. Peterson, Varga, Frisvad, Samson ex Houbraken, in Aspergillus: ser. Acidohumorum Houbraken & Frisvad, in Aspergillus: ser. Inflati (Stolk & Samson) Houbraken & Frisvad, in Penicillium: sect. Alfrediorum Houbraken & Frisvad, in Penicillium: ser. Adametziorum Houbraken & Frisvad, in Penicillium: ser. Alutacea (Pitt) Houbraken & Frisvad, sect. Crypta Houbraken & Frisvad, sect. Eremophila Houbraken & Frisvad, sect. Formosana Houbraken & Frisvad, sect. Griseola Houbraken & Frisvad, sect. Inusitata Houbraken & Frisvad, sect. Lasseniorum Houbraken & Frisvad, sect. Polypaecilum Houbraken & Frisvad, sect. Raperorum S.W. Peterson, Varga, Frisvad, Samson ex Houbraken, sect. Silvatici S.W. Peterson, Varga, Frisvad, Samson ex Houbraken, sect. Vargarum Houbraken & Frisvad, ser. Alliacei Houbraken & Frisvad, ser. Ambigui Houbraken & Frisvad, ser. Angustiporcata Houbraken & Frisvad, ser. Arxiorum Houbraken & Frisvad, ser. Atramentosa Houbraken & Frisvad, ser. Aurantiobrunnei Houbraken & Frisvad, ser. Avenacei Houbraken & Frisvad, ser. Bertholletiarum Houbraken & Frisvad, ser. Biplani Houbraken & Frisvad, ser. Brevicompacta Houbraken & Frisvad, ser. Brevipedes Houbraken & Frisvad, ser. Brunneouniseriati Houbraken & Frisvad, ser. Buchwaldiorum Houbraken & Frisvad, ser. Calidousti Houbraken & Frisvad, ser. Canini Houbraken & Frisvad, ser. Carbonarii Houbraken & Frisvad, ser. Cavernicolarum Houbraken & Frisvad, ser. Cervini Houbraken & Frisvad, ser. Chevalierorum Houbraken & Frisvad, ser. Cinnamopurpurea Houbraken & Frisvad, ser. Circumdati Houbraken & Frisvad, ser. Clavigera Houbraken & Frisvad, ser. Conjuncti Houbraken & Frisvad, ser. Copticolarum Houbraken & Frisvad, ser. Coremiiformes Houbraken & Frisvad, ser. Corylophila Houbraken & Frisvad, ser. Costaricensia Houbraken & Frisvad, ser. Cremei Houbraken & Frisvad, ser. Crustacea (Pitt) Houbraken & Frisvad, ser. Dalearum Houbraken & Frisvad, ser. Deflecti Houbraken & Frisvad, ser. Egyptiaci Houbraken & Frisvad, ser. Erubescentia (Pitt) Houbraken & Frisvad, ser. Estinogena Houbraken & Frisvad, ser. Euglauca Houbraken & Frisvad, ser. Fennelliarum Houbraken & Frisvad, ser. Flavi Houbraken & Frisvad, ser. Flavipedes Houbraken & Frisvad, ser. Fortuita Houbraken & Frisvad, ser. Fumigati Houbraken & Frisvad, ser. Funiculosi Houbraken & Frisvad, ser. Gallaica Houbraken & Frisvad, ser. Georgiensia Houbraken & Frisvad, ser. Goetziorum Houbraken & Frisvad, ser. Gracilenta Houbraken & Frisvad, ser. Halophilici Houbraken & Frisvad, ser. Herqueorum Houbraken & Frisvad, ser. Heteromorphi Houbraken & Frisvad, ser. Hoeksiorum Houbraken & Frisvad, ser. Homomorphi Houbraken & Frisvad, ser. Idahoensia Houbraken & Frisvad, ser. Implicati Houbraken & Frisvad, ser. Improvisa Houbraken & Frisvad, ser. Indica Houbraken & Frisvad, ser. Japonici Houbraken & Frisvad, ser. Jiangxiensia Houbraken & Frisvad, ser. Kalimarum Houbraken & Frisvad, ser. Kiamaensia Houbraken & Frisvad, ser. Kitamyces Houbraken & Frisvad, ser. Lapidosa (Pitt) Houbraken & Frisvad, ser. Leporum Houbraken & Frisvad, ser. Leucocarpi Houbraken & Frisvad, ser. Livida Houbraken & Frisvad, ser. Longicatenata Houbraken & Frisvad, ser. Macrosclerotiorum Houbraken & Frisvad, ser. Monodiorum Houbraken & Frisvad, ser. Multicolores Houbraken & Frisvad, ser. Neoglabri Houbraken & Frisvad, ser. Neonivei Houbraken & Frisvad, ser. Nidulantes Houbraken & Frisvad, ser. Nigri Houbraken & Frisvad, ser. Nivei Houbraken & Frisvad, ser. Nodula Houbraken & Frisvad, ser. Nomiarum Houbraken & Frisvad, ser. Noonimiarum Houbraken & Frisvad, ser. Ochraceorosei Houbraken & Frisvad, ser. Olivimuriarum Houbraken & Frisvad, ser. Osmophila Houbraken & Frisvad, ser. Paradoxa Houbraken & Frisvad, ser. Paxillorum Houbraken & Frisvad, ser. Penicillioides Houbraken & Frisvad, ser. Phoenicea Houbraken & Frisvad, ser. Pinetorum (Pitt) Houbraken & Frisvad, ser. Polypaecilum Houbraken & Frisvad, ser. Pulvini Houbraken & Frisvad, ser. Quercetorum Houbraken & Frisvad, ser. Raistrickiorum Houbraken & Frisvad, ser. Ramigena Houbraken & Frisvad, ser. Restricti Houbraken & Frisvad, ser. Robsamsonia Houbraken & Frisvad, ser. Rolfsiorum Houbraken & Frisvad, ser. Roseopurpurea Houbraken & Frisvad, ser. Rubri Houbraken & Frisvad, ser. Salinarum Houbraken & Frisvad, ser. Samsoniorum Houbraken & Frisvad, ser. Saturniformia Houbraken & Frisvad, ser. Scabrosa Houbraken & Frisvad, ser. Sclerotigena Houbraken & Frisvad, ser. Sclerotiorum Houbraken & Frisvad, ser. Sheariorum Houbraken & Frisvad, ser. Simplicissima Houbraken & Frisvad, ser. Soppiorum Houbraken & Frisvad, ser. Sparsi Houbraken & Frisvad, ser. Spathulati Houbraken & Frisvad, ser. Spelaei Houbraken & Frisvad, ser. Speluncei Houbraken & Frisvad, ser. Spinulosa Houbraken & Frisvad, ser. Stellati Houbraken & Frisvad, ser. Steyniorum Houbraken & Frisvad, ser. Sublectatica Houbraken & Frisvad, ser. Sumatraensia Houbraken & Frisvad, ser. Tamarindosolorum Houbraken & Frisvad, ser. Teporium Houbraken & Frisvad, ser. Terrei Houbraken & Frisvad, ser. Thermomutati Houbraken & Frisvad, ser. Thiersiorum Houbraken & Frisvad, ser. Thomiorum Houbraken & Frisvad, ser. Unguium Houbraken & Frisvad, ser. Unilaterales Houbraken & Frisvad, ser. Usti Houbraken & Frisvad, ser. Verhageniorum Houbraken & Frisvad, ser. Versicolores Houbraken & Frisvad, ser. Virgata Houbraken & Frisvad, ser. Viridinutantes Houbraken & Frisvad, ser. Vitricolarum Houbraken & Frisvad, ser. Wentiorum Houbraken & Frisvad, ser. Westlingiorum Houbraken & Frisvad, ser. Whitfieldiorum Houbraken & Frisvad, ser. Xerophili Houbraken & Frisvad, series Tularensia (Pitt) Houbraken & Frisvad,
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Colletotrichum species are known as important pathogens of plants with an impact on crop production. Some of these species are also known as a cause of rare ophthalmic infections in humans. A case of keratitis caused by Colletotrichum dematium after corneal trauma in a 56-year-old woman is presented. Infection was diagnosed based on positive microscopy and culture. The fungal isolate was identified by morphological characteristics and DNA sequencing of the ITS rDNA region, β-tubulin (tub2) and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (gapdh) genes. The patient responded well to topical therapy with amphotericin B combined with intravenous amphotericin B but improvement was associated with the corneal collagen cross-linking. The review of the literature revealed another 13 cases of C. dematium keratitis, all but one patient having at least one keratitis risk factor in their history. Almost all patients (n = 12) were treated with topical polyene antibiotics (natamycin or amphotericin B), improvement and cure were achieved in eight of them.

• Klíčová slova
• Coelomycetous fungi, Colletotrichum dematium, Corneal collagen cross-linking, Glomerella, Keratomycosis, Molecular identification, Therapy,
• MeSH
• amfotericin B aplikace a dávkování   MeSH
• antifungální látky aplikace a dávkování   MeSH
• aplikace lokální MeSH
• Colletotrichum klasifikace   genetika   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• diagnostické techniky molekulární MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• glyceraldehyd-3-fosfátdehydrogenasa (fosforylační) genetika   MeSH
• keratitida diagnóza   mikrobiologie   patologie   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mezerníky ribozomální DNA genetika   MeSH
• mikrobiologické techniky MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mykózy diagnóza   mikrobiologie   patologie   MeSH
• poranění oka komplikace   MeSH
• sekvenční analýza DNA MeSH
• tubulin genetika   MeSH
• výsledek terapie MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• kazuistiky MeSH
• systematický přehled MeSH
• Názvy látek
• amfotericin B MeSH
• antifungální látky MeSH
• glyceraldehyd-3-fosfátdehydrogenasa (fosforylační) MeSH
• mezerníky ribozomální DNA MeSH
• tubulin MeSH