Colorectal cancer is influenced by genetic mutations, lifestyle factors, and diet, particularly high fat intake, which raises bile acid levels in the intestinal lumen. This study hypothesized that bile acids contribute to tumorigenesis by disrupting ion transport and ATPase activity in the intestinal mucosa. The effects of 3-sulfo-taurolithocholic acid (TLC-S) on ATPase activity were investigated in colorectal cancer samples from 10 patients, using adjacent healthy tissue as controls, and in rodent liver function. ATPase activity was measured spectrophotometrically by determining inorganic phosphorus (Pi) in postmitochondrial fractions. Ca2+ dynamics were assessed in isolated mouse hepatocytes with fluorescence imaging, and rat liver mitochondria were studied using polarographic methods to evaluate respiration and oxidative phosphorylation. TLC-S increased Na+/K+ ATPase activity by 1.5 times in colorectal cancer samples compared to controls (p ≤ 0.05). In healthy mucosa, TLC-S decreased Mg2+ ATPase activity by 3.6 times (p ≤ 0.05), while Mg2+ ATPase activity in cancer tissue remained unchanged. TLC-S had no significant effect on Ca2+ ATPase activity in healthy colon mucosa but showed a trend toward decreased activity in cancer tissue. In rat liver, TLC-S decreased Ca2+ ATPase and Na+/K+ ATPase activities while increasing basal Mg2+ ATPase activity (p ≤ 0.05). Additionally, TLC-S induced cytosolic Ca2+ signals in mouse hepatocytes, partially attenuated by NED-19, an NAADP antagonist (p ≤ 0.05). TLC-S also reduced the V3 respiration rate of isolated rat liver mitochondria during α-ketoglutarate oxidation. These findings suggest that TLC-S modulates ATPase activity differently in cancerous and healthy colon tissues, playing a role in colorectal cancer development. In rat liver, TLC-S affects mitochondrial activity and ATPase function, contributing to altered cytosolic calcium levels, providing insight into the mechanistic effects of bile acids on colorectal cancer and liver function.

• Keywords
• Ca2+ ATPase, Na+/K+ ATPase, basal Mg2+ ATPase, bile acid, colon mucosae, colorectal cancer,
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH

Animal and human feces typically include intestinal sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB). Hydrogen sulfide and acetate are the end products of their dissimilatory sulfate reduction and may create a synergistic effect. Here, we report NADH and NADPH peroxidase activities from intestinal SRB Desulfomicrobium orale and Desulfovibrio piger. We sought to compare enzymatic activities under the influence of various temperature and pH regimes, as well as to carry out kinetic analyses of enzymatic reaction rates, maximum amounts of the reaction product, reaction times, maximum rates of the enzyme reactions, and Michaelis constants in cell-free extracts of intestinal SRB, D. piger Vib-7, and D. orale Rod-9, collected from exponential and stationary growth phases. The optimal temperature (35 °C) and pH (7.0) for both enzyme's activity were determined. The difference in trends of Michaelis constants (Km) during exponential and stationary phases are noticeable between D. piger Vib-7 and D. orale Rod-9; D. orale Rod-9 showed much higher Km (the exception is NADH peroxidase of D. piger Vib-7: 1.42 ± 0.11 mM) during the both monitored phases. Studies of the NADH and NADPH peroxidases-as putative antioxidant defense systems of intestinal SRB and detailed data on the kinetic properties of this enzyme, as expressed by the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide-could be important for clarifying evolutionary mechanisms of antioxidant defense systems, their etiological role in the process of dissimilatory sulfate reduction, and their possible role in the development of bowel diseases.

• MeSH
• Antioxidants * MeSH
• Cell Extracts MeSH
• Desulfovibrio * MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• NAD MeSH
• NADP MeSH
• Defense Mechanisms MeSH
• Peroxidases MeSH
• Sulfates MeSH
• Animals MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Animals MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
• Names of Substances
• Antioxidants * MeSH
• Cell Extracts MeSH
• NAD MeSH
• NADP MeSH
• NADPH peroxidase MeSH Browser
• Peroxidases MeSH
• Sulfates MeSH

Sulfur is a vital element that all living things require, being a component of proteins and other bio-organic substances. The various kinds and varieties of microbes in nature allow for the transformation of this element. It also should be emphasized that volatile sulfur compounds are typically present in food in trace amounts. Life cannot exist without sulfur, yet it also poses a potential health risk. The colon's sulfur metabolism, which is managed by eukaryotic cells, is much better understood than the S metabolism in gastrointestinal bacteria. Numerous additional microbial processes are anticipated to have an impact on the content and availability of sulfated compounds, as well as intestinal S metabolism. Hydrogen sulfide is the sulfur derivative that has attracted the most attention in relation to colonic health, but it is still unclear whether it is beneficial or harmful. Several lines of evidence suggest that sulfate-reducing bacteria or exogenous hydrogen sulfide may be the root cause of intestinal ailments, including inflammatory bowel diseases and colon cancer. Taurine serves a variety of biological and physiological purposes, including roles in inflammation and protection, additionally, low levels of taurine can be found in bodily fluids, and taurine is the primary sulfur component present in muscle tissue (serum and urine). The aim of this scoping review was to compile data from the most pertinent scientific works about S compounds' existence in food and their metabolic processes. The importance of S compounds in various food products and how these compounds can impact metabolic processes are both stressed in this paper.

• Keywords
• Gut microbiome, Hydrogen sulfide, Sulfate-reducing bacteria, Sulfur assimilation, Sulfur metabolism, Toxicity,
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Scoping Review MeSH

In tumor cells with defects in apoptosis, autophagy allows prolonged survival. Autophagy leads to an accumulation of damaged mitochondria by autophagosomes. An acidic environment is maintained in compartments of cells, such as autophagosomes, late endosomes, and lysosomes; these organelles belong to the "acid store" of the cells. Nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NAADP) may affect the release of Ca2+ from these organelles and affect the activity of Ca2+ ATPases and other ion transport proteins. Recently, a growing amount of evidence has shown that the variations in the expression of calcium channels or pumps are associated with the occurrence, disease-presentation, and the prognosis of colorectal cancer. We hypothesized that activity of ATPases in cancer tissue is higher because of intensive energy metabolism of tumor cells. The aim of our study was to ascertain the effect of NAADP on ATPase activity on tissue samples of colorectal cancer patients' and healthy individuals. We tested the effect of NAADP on the activity of Na+/K+ ATPase; Ca2+ ATPase of endoplasmic reticulum (EPR) and plasma membrane (PM) and basal ATPase activity. Patients' colon mucus cancer samples were obtained during endoscopy from cancer and healthy areas (control) of colorectal mucosa of the same patients. Results. The mean activity of Na+/K+ pump in samples of colorectal cancer patients (n = 5) was 4.66 ± 1.20 μmol Pi/mg of protein per hour, while in control samples from healthy tissues of the same patient (n = 5) this value was 3.88 ± 2.03 μmol Pi/mg of protein per hour. The activity of Ca2+ ATPase PM in control samples was 6.42 ± 0.63 μmol Pi/mg of protein per hour and in cancer -8.50 ± 1.40 μmol Pi/mg of protein per hour (n = 5 pts). The mean activity of Ca2+ ATPase of EPR in control samples was 7.59 ± 1.21 μmol Pi/mg versus 7.76 ± 0.24 μmol Pi/mg in cancer (n = 5 pts). Basal ATPase activity was 3.19 ± 0.87 in control samples versus 4.79 ± 1.86 μmol Pi/mg in cancer (n = 5 pts). In cancer samples, NAADP reduced the activity of Na+/K+ ATPase by 9-times (p < 0.01) and the activity of Ca2+ ATPase EPR about 2-times (p < 0.05). NAADP caused a tendency to decrease the activity of Ca2+ ATPase of PM, but increased basal ATPase activity by 2-fold vs. the mean of this index in cancer samples without the addition of NAADP. In control samples NAADP caused only a tendency to decrease the activities of Na+/K+ ATPase and Ca2+ ATPase EPR, but statistically decreased the activity of Ca2+ ATPase of PM (p < 0.05). In addition, NAADP caused a strong increase in basal ATPase activity in control samples (p < 0.01). Conclusions: We found that the activity of Na+/K+ pump, Ca2+ ATPase of PM and basal ATPase activity in cancer tissues had a strong tendency to be higher than in the controls. NAADP caused a decrease in the activities of Na+/K+ ATPase and Ca2+ ATPase EPR in cancer samples and increased basal ATPase activity. In control samples, NAADP decreased Ca2+ ATPase of PM and increased basal ATPase activity. These data confirmed different roles of NAADP-sensitive "acidic store" (autophagosomes, late endosomes, and lysosomes) in control and cancer tissue, which hypothetically may be connected with autophagy role in cancer development. The effect of NAADP on decreasing the activity of Na+/K+ pump in cancer samples was the most pronounced, both numerically and statistically. Our data shows promising possibilities for the modulation of ion-transport through the membrane of cancer cells by influence on the "acidic store" (autophagosomes, late endosomes and lysosomes) as a new approach to the treatment of colorectal cancer.

• Keywords
• ATPase, Ca2+, Ca2+ ATPase, Ca2+ ATPase PM, EPR, NAADP, Na+/K+ ATPase, acidic store, autophagy, basal ATPase activity, cancer,
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH

This paper is devoted to microscopic methods for the identification of sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB). In this context, it describes various habitats, morphology and techniques used for the detection and identification of this very heterogeneous group of anaerobic microorganisms. SRB are present in almost every habitat on Earth, including freshwater and marine water, soils, sediments or animals. In the oil, water and gas industries, they can cause considerable economic losses due to their hydrogen sulfide production; in periodontal lesions and the colon of humans, they can cause health complications. Although the role of these bacteria in inflammatory bowel diseases is not entirely known yet, their presence is increased in patients and produced hydrogen sulfide has a cytotoxic effect. For these reasons, methods for the detection of these microorganisms were described. Apart from selected molecular techniques, including metagenomics, fluorescence microscopy was one of the applied methods. Especially fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) in various modifications was described. This method enables visual identification of SRB, determining their abundance and spatial distribution in environmental biofilms and gut samples.

• Keywords
• DAPI, Desulfovibrio, FISH, IBD, SRB, SRM, SRP, anaerobic microorganisms, fluorescence microscopy, gut microbiota, habitats, identification, microscopy, sulfate reduction,
• MeSH
• Bacteria metabolism   MeSH
• Ecosystem * MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Metagenomics MeSH
• Microscopy methods   MeSH
• Oxidation-Reduction MeSH
• Sulfates metabolism   MeSH
• Animals MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Animals MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Review MeSH
• Names of Substances
• Sulfates MeSH

Meta-analysis is a statistical process summarizing comparable data from a number of scientific papers. The use of meta-analysis in microbiology allows decision-making that has an impact on public health policy. It can happen that the primary researches come to different conclusions, although these are targeted with the same research question. It is, therefore, inevitable to have the means to systematically evaluate information and compare research results. Ulcerative colitis together with Crohn's disease are among the two main inflammatory bowel diseases. This chronic disease of the gastrointestinal tract, with an as yet unclear etiology, is presented by an uncontrolled inflammatory immune response in genetically predisposed individuals to as yet undefined environmental factors in interaction with the intestinal microbiota itself. In patients with ulcerative colitis (UC), changes in the composition and relative abundance of microorganisms could be observed. Sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB), which commonly occur in the large intestine as part of the commensal microbiota of animals and humans involved in the pathogenesis of the disease, have been shown to occur. SRB are anaerobic organisms affecting short-chain fatty acid metabolism. This work outlines the perspectives of the use of meta-analysis for UC and changes in the representation of intestinal organisms in these patients.

• Keywords
• hydrogen sulfide, inflammatory bowel diseases, intestinal microbiome, meta-analysis, sulfate-reducing bacteria, ulcerative colitis,
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Review MeSH

BACKGROUND: Hydrogen sulfide is the final product of sulfate-reducing bacteria metabolism. Its high concentration in the gut can affect adversely bowel environment and intestinal microbiota by toxicity and pH lowering. AIM OF REVIEW: The aim of the review was to give observations related to the properties of bacterial communities inhabiting the gut, with the emphasis on sulfate-reducing bacteria and lactic acid bacteria. KEY SCIENTIFIC CONCEPTS OF REVIEW: The conduction of meta-analysis was another goal, since it gave statistical observation of the relevant studies. The review literature consisted of more than 160 studies, published from 1945 to 2019. Meta-analysis included 16 studies and they were chosen from the Web of Science database. The systematic review gave important information about the development of gut inflammation, with emphasis on sulfate-reducing and lactic acid bacteria. Oppositely from sulfate-reducing bacteria, probiotic properties of lactic acid bacteria are effective inhibitors against inflammatory bowel disease development, including ulcerative colitis. These facts were confirmed by the conducted meta-analysis. The results and observations gained from the systematic review represent the emphasized importance of gut microbiota for bowel inflammation. On the other side, it should be stated that more studies in the future will provide even better confirmations.

• Keywords
• Bowel inflammations, Hydrogen sulfide, Lactic acid bacteria, Probiotics, Sulfate-reducing bacteria, Toxicity, Ulcerative colitis,
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Review MeSH

The number of cases of oral cavity inflammation in the population has been recently increasing, with periodontitis being the most common disease. It is caused by a change in the microbial composition of the biofilm in the periodontal pockets. In this context, an increased incidence of sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) in the oral cavity has been found, which are a part of the common microbiome of the mouth. This work is devoted to the description of the diversity of SRB isolated from the oral cavity. It also deals with the general description of periodontitis in terms of manifestations and origin. It describes the ability of SRB to participate in its development, although their effect on periodontal inflammation is not fully understood. The production of hydrogen sulfide as a cytochrome oxidase inhibitor may play a role in the etiology. A meta-analysis was conducted based on studies of the occurrence of SRB in humans.

• Keywords
• SRB, dental plaque, hydrogen sulfide, meta-analysis, oral cavity, periodontal disease, periodontitis, sulfate, sulfate-reducing bacteria,
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Review MeSH

BACKGROUND: Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) are multifactorial illnesses of the intestine, to which microorganisms are contributing. Among the contributing microorganisms, sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) are suggested to be involved in the process of bowel inflammation due to the production of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) by dissimilatory sulfate reduction. The aims of our research were to physiologically examine SRB in fecal samples of patients with IBD and a control group, their identification, the study of the process of dissimilatory sulfate reduction (sulfate consumption and H2S production) and biomass accumulation. Determination of biogenic elements of the SRB and evaluation of obtained parameters by using statistical methods were also included in the research. The material for the research consisted of 14 fecal samples, which was obtained from patients and control subjects. METHODS: Microscopic techniques, microbiological, biochemical, biophysical methods and statistical analysis were included. RESULTS: Colonies of SRB were isolated from all the fecal samples, and subsequently, 35 strains were obtained. Vibrio-shaped cells stained Gram-negative were dominant in all purified studied strains. All strains had a high percentage of similarity by the 16S rRNA gene with deposited sequences in GenBank of Desulfovibrio vulgaris. Cluster analysis of sulfate reduction parameters allowed the grouping of SRB strains. Significant (p < 0.05) differences were not observed between healthy individuals and patients with IBD with regard to sulfate reduction parameters (sulfate consumption, H2S and biomass accumulation). Moreover, we found that manganese and iron contents in the cell extracts are higher among healthy individuals in comparison to unhealthy individuals that have an intestinal bowel disease, especially ulcerative colitis. CONCLUSIONS: The observations obtained from studying SRB emphasize differences in the intestinal microbial processes of healthy and unhealthy people.

• Keywords
• bowel disease, hydrogen sulfide, intestinal microbiota, sulfate reduction, toxicity, ulcerative colitis,
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH

A comparative study of the kinetic characteristics (specific activity, initial and maximum rate, and affinity for substrates) of key enzymes of assimilatory sulfate reduction (APS reductase and dissimilatory sulfite reductase) in cell-free extracts of sulphate-reducing bacteria (SRB) from various biotopes was performed. The material for the study represented different strains of SRB from various ecotopes. Microbiological (isolation and cultivation), biochemical (free cell extract preparation) and chemical (enzyme activity determination) methods served in defining kinetic characteristics of SRB enzymes. The determined affinity data for substrates (i.e., sulfite) were 10 times higher for SRB strains isolated from environmental (soil) ecotopes than for strains from the human intestine. The maximum rate of APS reductase reached 0.282-0.862 µmol/min×mg-1 of protein that is only 10 to 28% higher than similar initial values. The maximum rate of sulfite reductase for corrosive relevant collection strains and SRB strains isolated from heating systems were increased by 3 to 10 times. A completely different picture was found for the intestinal SRB Vmax in the strains Desulfovibrio piger Vib-7 (0.67 µmol/min × mg-1 protein) and Desulfomicrobium orale Rod-9 (0.45 µmol/min × mg-1 protein). The determinant in the cluster distribution of SRB strains is the activity of the terminal enzyme of dissimilatory sulfate reduction-sulfite reductase, but not APS reductase. The data obtained from the activity of sulfate reduction enzymes indicated the adaptive plasticity of SRB strains that is manifested in the change in enzymatic activity.

• Keywords
• cell-free extracts, ecotopes, hydrogen sulfide, sulfate-reducing bacteria, toxicity,
• MeSH
• Adenosine Phosphosulfate metabolism   MeSH
• Biodegradation, Environmental MeSH
• Desulfovibrio desulfuricans isolation & purification   metabolism   MeSH
• Desulfovibrio vulgaris isolation & purification   metabolism   MeSH
• Oxidoreductases Acting on Sulfur Group Donors metabolism   MeSH
• Hydrogen Sulfide analysis   metabolism   MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
• Names of Substances
• Adenosine Phosphosulfate MeSH
• adenylylsulfate reductase MeSH Browser
• Oxidoreductases Acting on Sulfur Group Donors MeSH
• Hydrogen Sulfide MeSH