The completed environmental study was concerned with assessing the exposure of the Czech population to polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs). Simultaneously, the levels of polychlorinated pollutants such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and chlorinated diphenyl ethanes (DDTs) were also monitored. The pollutant levels were newly measured in solid fat tissue removed during plastic surgery. A total of 107 samples of fat were taken from 19-76-year-old volunteers. A total of 16 PBDE congeners were determined, of which only six occur in more than 38% of fat tissue samples. The total PBDE level attains an average value of 3.31 ng/g, which is 25% less than was measured in 2009. On the other hand, there was an increase in the levels of two PCB congeners, which was caused by an increase of the total PCB concentration from level of 625.5 ng/g, published in 2009, to the current level of 776 ng/g. The level of DDTs decreased and currently has a value of 467.4 ng/g, which is about 24% lower than in 2009. The contamination of obese middle-aged women in Czechia by more modern types of pollutants, such as PBDEs, is incomparably lower than that by PCBs and DDTs and is also decreasing in time.

• Klíčová slova
• DDTs, PCBs, flame retardants, gas chromatography, human fat tissue, mass spectrometry, polybrominated diphenyl ethers,
• MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• látky znečišťující životní prostředí škodlivé účinky   analýza   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• polychlorované bifenyly škodlivé účinky   analýza   MeSH
• retardanty hoření škodlivé účinky   analýza   MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• tuková tkáň patofyziologie   MeSH
• vystavení vlivu životního prostředí škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH
• Názvy látek
• látky znečišťující životní prostředí MeSH
• polychlorované bifenyly MeSH
• retardanty hoření MeSH

AIMS: To evaluate whether patients with late complications of pacemakers or implantable cardioverter-defibrillators have hypersensitivity reactions to some of the materials used in generators or in electrodes, or to environmental metal burden. METHODS AND RESULTS: The cohort consisted of 20 men and 4 women (mean age: 62.3 ± 17.2 years) who had a history of late complications of implanted devices. The control group involved 25 men and 8 women (mean age: 64.6 ± 14.0 years) who had comparable devices, but no history of late complications. Lymphocyte transformation test was used to evaluate hypersensitivity to eight metal pollutants (antimony, manganese, mercury, molybdenum, nickel, platinum, tin, and titanium) selected by results of questionnaires on environmental burden, and by material analysis of generators and electrode surfaces. Exposures to metal pollutants were approximately the same in patients and in controls. Titanium alloy used in generators contained at least 99.32% of titanium and trace levels of other metals; higher levels of tin and platinum were detected in electrode surfaces. Hypersensitivity reactions to mercury and tin were significantly more frequent in patients than in controls (patients and controls: mercury: 68.2 and 31.1%, respectively; P = 0.022; tin: 25.0 and 3.2%, respectively; P = 0.035). In contrast, hypersensitivity to manganese was significantly more frequent in controls than in patients (patients and controls: 13.6 and 50.0%, respectively; P = 0.008). CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest a possible relation between hypersensitivity to metals used in implantable devices or to environmental metal burden and the occurrence of their late complications.

• MeSH
• aktivace lymfocytů MeSH
• alergie epidemiologie   etiologie   MeSH
• antimon škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• cín škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• defibrilátory implantabilní škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• implantace protézy * MeSH
• infekce spojené s protézou epidemiologie   MeSH
• kovy škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• kožní nemoci epidemiologie   MeSH
• látky znečišťující životní prostředí škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mangan škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• molybden škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• nikl škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• platina škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• pooperační bolest epidemiologie   MeSH
• pooperační komplikace epidemiologie   MeSH
• prostředky srdeční resynchronizační terapie škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• rtuť škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• slitiny MeSH
• titan škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• antimon MeSH
• cín MeSH
• kovy MeSH
• látky znečišťující životní prostředí MeSH
• mangan MeSH
• molybden MeSH
• nikl MeSH
• platina MeSH
• rtuť MeSH
• slitiny MeSH
• titan MeSH

OBJECTIVE: To summarize the current knowledges about the influence of PCB (polychlorinated biphenyls) and OCP (organochlorinated pesticides) on human infertility. TYPE OF STUDY: Review article. SETTING: The Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and the General Faculty Hospital, Prague. METHODS: Analysis of literature and current studies. RESULTS: We prepared a review about the known effects of PCB and OCP on human reproduction, which can influence the results of IVF (in vitro fertilisation) program by their cumulation in follicular fluid. CONCLUSION: In these compounds there is not direct evidence of their negative influence of reproduction. We have to complete our knowledges about PCB a OCP on fertility and protect the population against their cumulation.

• Klíčová slova
• IVF+ET, OCP, PCB, infertility, infertility IVF+ET., organochlorinated pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls,
• MeSH
• chlorované uhlovodíky škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• folikulární tekutina chemie   MeSH
• látky znečišťující životní prostředí škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• pesticidy škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• polychlorované bifenyly škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• rozmnožování účinky léků   MeSH
• těhotenství účinky léků   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• těhotenství účinky léků   MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• chlorované uhlovodíky MeSH
• látky znečišťující životní prostředí MeSH
• pesticidy MeSH
• polychlorované bifenyly MeSH

The composition of the surface layer of 13 low-cost jewelry samples with a high Cd content was analyzed using an energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometer (ED XRF). The analyzed jewels were obtained in cooperation with the Czech Environmental Inspectorate. The jewels were leached in two types of artificial sweat (acidic and alkaline) for 7 days. Twenty microliters of the resulting solution was subsequently placed on a paper carrier and analyzed by an LIBS (Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectrometry) spectrometer after drying. The Cd content in the jewelry surface layer detected by using ED XRF ranged from 13.4% to 44.6% (weight per weight-w/w). The samples were subsequently leached in artificial alkaline, and the acidic sweat and leachates were analyzed using laser-induced breakdown spectrometry (LIBS). The amount of released Cd into alkaline sweat ranged from 24.0 to 370 µg Cd per week, respectively 3.23-61.7 µg/cm²/week. The amount of released Cd into acidic sweat ranged from 16.4 to 1517 µg Cd per week, respectively 3.53-253 µg/cm²/week. The limit of Cd for dermal exposure is not unequivocally determined in the countries of the EU (European Union) or in the U.S. Based on the US EPA (United States Environmental Protection Agency) approach used to establish the reference dose (RfD) for Cd contained in food and information about the bioavailability of Cd after dermal exposure, we assessed our own value of dermal RfD. The value was compared with the theoretical amount of Cd, which can be absorbed into the organism from jewelry in contact with the skin. The calculation was based on the amount of Cd that was released into acidic and alkaline sweat. The highest amount of Cd was released into acidic sweat, which represents 0.1% of dermal RfD and into alkaline sweat, 0.5% of dermal RfD. These results indicate that the analyzed jewelry contains Cd over the limit for composition of jewelry available within the territory of the EU. The determined amount of Cd in analyzed jewelry does not, however, pose a threat in terms of carcinogenic toxic effects.

• Klíčová slova
• artificial sweat, cadmium, health risk, laser-induced breakdown spectrometry, low-cost jewelry,
• MeSH
• biologická dostupnost MeSH
• hodnocení rizik MeSH
• kadmium škodlivé účinky   analýza   MeSH
• látky znečišťující životní prostředí škodlivé účinky   analýza   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• monitorování životního prostředí přístrojové vybavení   metody   MeSH
• spektrometrie rentgenová emisní MeSH
• šperky * klasifikace   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH
• Spojené státy americké MeSH
• Názvy látek
• kadmium MeSH
• látky znečišťující životní prostředí MeSH

Polar bears (Ursus maritimus) from East Greenland and Svalbard exhibited very high concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in the 1980s and 1990s. In Svalbard, slow population growth during that period was suspected to be linked to PCB contamination. In this case study, we explored how PCBs could have impacted polar bear population growth and/or male reproductive success in Svalbard during the mid-1990s by reducing the fertility of contaminated males. A dose-response relationship linking the effects of PCBs to male polar bear fertility was extrapolated from studies of the effects of PCBs on sperm quality in rodents. Based on this relationship, an individual-based model of bear interactions during the breeding season predicted fertilization success under alternative assumptions regarding male-male competition for females. Contamination reduced pregnancy rates by decreasing the availability of fertile males, thus triggering a mate-finding Allee effect, particularly when male-male competition for females was limited or when infertile males were able to compete with fertile males for females. Comparisons of our model predictions on age-dependent reproductive success of males with published empirical observations revealed that the low representation of 10-14-year-old males among breeding males documented in Svalbard in mid-1990s could have resulted from PCB contamination. We conclude that contamination-related male infertility may lead to a reduction in population growth via an Allee effect. The magnitude of the effect is largely dependent on the population-specific mating system. In eco-toxicological risk assessments, appropriate consideration should therefore be given to negative effects of contaminants on male fertility and male mating behaviour.

• Klíčová slova
• Allee effect, male reproduction, polar bears, polychlorinated biphenyls,
• MeSH
• fertilita * MeSH
• hustota populace MeSH
• látky znečišťující životní prostředí škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• medvědovití fyziologie   MeSH
• polychlorované bifenyly škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• populační dynamika MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Grónsko MeSH
• Svalbard MeSH
• Názvy látek
• látky znečišťující životní prostředí MeSH
• polychlorované bifenyly MeSH

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: The aim of this study was to explore the effect of a vegetarian versus conventional diet on the serum levels of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in patients with T2D after 12 weeks of dietary intervention and to assess their relationships with metabolic parameters. METHODS AND RESULTS: Men and women with T2D were randomly assigned to follow either a vegetarian diet without fish or meat (n = 37) or an isocaloric conventional antidiabetic diet (n = 37). Both diets were energy restricted (minus 500 kcal/day). All foods were provided to the participants. At randomization (week 0) and 12 weeks, the meal test was performed to assess the β-cell function and serum levels of 24 POPs. Dioxins and dioxin-like POPs were analyzed by isotope dilution high-resolution gas chromatography (HRGC) and mass spectrometry after cleanup of the silica and carbon columns. Non-dioxin-like POPs were analyzed by gas chromatography with an electron capture detector (GC-ECD). Statistical analyses used were repeated-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA), a multivariate regression model, and Pearson's correlations. We observed a statistically nonsignificant trend toward increases in the serum levels of most POPs in response to both hypocaloric diets with no differences between groups. In the groups combined, the change in serum concentrations of total POPs was correlated to changes in HbA1c (r = +0.34; p < 0.01), fasting plasma glucose (r = +0.41; p < 0.01) levels, and β-cell function measured as insulin secretion at a reference glucose level (r = -0.37; p < 0.01), independent of the changes in body weight and volume of visceral fat. CONCLUSION: Short-term hypocaloric vegetarian and conventional diets did not reduce the POP levels, possibly due to mobilization of fat stores. Our findings support the relationship between POPs and diabetes, especially β-cell function. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00883038, completed.

• Klíčová slova
• Persistent organic pollutants, Type 2 diabetes, Vegetarian diet,
• MeSH
• adipozita MeSH
• beta-buňky metabolismus   MeSH
• biologické markery krev   MeSH
• časové faktory MeSH
• diabetes mellitus 2. typu krev   diagnóza   dietoterapie   patofyziologie   MeSH
• dieta vegetariánská * MeSH
• dioxiny škodlivé účinky   krev   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• glykovaný hemoglobin metabolismus   MeSH
• hmotnostní úbytek MeSH
• inzulin krev   MeSH
• kalorická restrikce * MeSH
• kontaminace potravin * MeSH
• krevní glukóza metabolismus   MeSH
• látky znečišťující životní prostředí škodlivé účinky   krev   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• multivariační analýza MeSH
• nitrobřišní tuk metabolismus   patofyziologie   MeSH
• plynová chromatografie s hmotnostně spektrometrickou detekcí MeSH
• redukční dieta * MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• výsledek terapie MeSH
• vystavení vlivu životního prostředí MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• randomizované kontrolované studie MeSH
• srovnávací studie MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH
• Názvy látek
• biologické markery MeSH
• dioxiny MeSH
• glykovaný hemoglobin MeSH
• hemoglobin A1c protein, human MeSH Prohlížeč
• inzulin MeSH
• krevní glukóza MeSH
• látky znečišťující životní prostředí MeSH

Nowadays, there is increasing evidence showing that the development of the metabolic syndrome combining obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, arterial hypertension and dyslipidemia involves except of traditional risk factors (overnutrition, lack of physical activity, genetic predisposition) also the effect of environmental organic substances called organic pollutants or endocrine disruptors. These chemicals can be found in plastic covers, paints, flame retardants, exhaust gases, fertilizers as well as diverse daily utensils. Phthalates, used primarily as plasticizers, and bisphenol A, are among the most wide-spread members of this group.The aim of this article is to provide a basic overview of the relationship between phthalates and bisphenol A and the etiopathogenesis of the metabolic syndrome and to highlight their potential sources. According to the analysis of materials used for parenteral nutrition and urinary excretion of phthalate metabolites and bisphenol A in subjects on long-term parenteral nutrition we suppose that currently used medical materials are safe with respect to the exposure to both phthalates and bisphenol A and that home environment, especially cosmetic products, might constitute a more probable source of these substances.

• Klíčová slova
• bisphenol A, endocrine disruptors, obesity, phthalates, type 2 diabetes mellitus.,
• MeSH
• benzhydrylové sloučeniny škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• diabetes mellitus 2. typu chemicky indukované   patofyziologie   MeSH
• endokrinní disruptory škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• fenoly škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• kyseliny ftalové škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• látky znečišťující životní prostředí škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• metabolický syndrom chemicky indukované   patofyziologie   MeSH
• obezita chemicky indukované   patofyziologie   MeSH
• poruchy metabolismu glukózy chemicky indukované   patofyziologie   MeSH
• vystavení vlivu životního prostředí škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH
• Názvy látek
• benzhydrylové sloučeniny MeSH
• bisphenol A MeSH Prohlížeč
• endokrinní disruptory MeSH
• fenoly MeSH
• kyseliny ftalové MeSH
• látky znečišťující životní prostředí MeSH
• phthalic acid MeSH Prohlížeč

Many various xenobiotics permanently enter plants and represent potential danger for their organism. For that reason, plants have evolved extremely sophisticated detoxification systems including a battery of xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes. Some of them are similar to those in humans and animals, but there are several plant-specific ones. This review briefly introduces xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes in plants and summarizes present information about their action toward veterinary drugs. Veterinary drugs are used worldwide to treat diseases and protect animal health. However, veterinary drugs are also unwantedly introduced into environment mostly via animal excrements, they persist in the environment for a long time and may impact on the non-target organisms. Plants are able to uptake, transform the veterinary drugs to non- or less-toxic compounds and store them in the vacuoles and cell walls. This ability may protect not only plant themselves but also other organisms, predominantly invertebrates and wild herbivores. The aim of this review is to emphasize the importance of plants in detoxification of veterinary drugs in the environment. The results of studies, which dealt with transport and biotransformation of veterinary drugs in plants, are summarized and evaluated. In conclusion, the risks and consequences of veterinary drugs in the environment and the possibilities of phytoremediation technologies are considered and future perspectives are outlined.

• Klíčová slova
• Pollutants, biotransformation enzymes, drug phytotoxicity, drug transporters, phytoremediation,
• MeSH
• biodegradace MeSH
• biologický transport MeSH
• enzymy metabolismus   MeSH
• látky znečišťující životní prostředí škodlivé účinky   metabolismus   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• membránové transportní proteiny metabolismus   MeSH
• metabolická inaktivace MeSH
• rostlinné proteiny metabolismus   MeSH
• rostliny enzymologie   MeSH
• veterinární léky škodlivé účinky   metabolismus   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• přehledy MeSH
• Názvy látek
• enzymy MeSH
• látky znečišťující životní prostředí MeSH
• membránové transportní proteiny MeSH
• rostlinné proteiny MeSH
• veterinární léky MeSH

Many xenobiotic compounds with endocrine disrupting activity have been described since the late eighties. These compounds are able to interact with natural hormone systems and potentially induce deleterious effects in wildlife, notably piscine species. However, while the characterization of endocrine disruptors with "dioxin-like", estrogenic or androgenic activities is relatively well established, little is known about environmentally relevant pollutants that may act at thyroid system level. Iodothyronine deiodinases, the key enzymes in the activation and inactivation of thyroid hormones, have been suggested as suitable biomarkers for thyroid metabolism disruption. The present article reviews the biotic and abiotic factors that are able to modulate deiodinases in teleosts, a representative model organism for vertebrates. Data show that deiodinases are highly sensitive to several physiological and physical variables, so they should be taken into account to establish natural basal deiodination patterns to further understand responses under chemical exposure. Among xenobiotic compounds, brominated flame retardants are postulated as chemicals of major concern because of their similar structure shared with thyroid hormones. More ambiguous results are shown for the rest of compounds, i.e. polychlorinated biphenyls, perfluorinated chemicals, pesticides, metals and synthetic drugs, in part due to the limited information available. The different mechanisms of action still remain unknown for most of those compounds, although several hypothesis based on observed effects are discussed. Future tasks are also suggested with the aim of moving forward in the full characterization of chemical compounds with thyroid disrupting activity.

• Klíčová slova
• Environmental pollutants, Iodothyronine deiodinases, Physical factors, Teleosts, Thyroid disruption,
• MeSH
• biologické markery metabolismus   MeSH
• biologické modely MeSH
• endokrinní disruptory škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• hormony štítné žlázy chemie   metabolismus   MeSH
• jodidperoxidasa chemie   metabolismus   MeSH
• látky znečišťující životní prostředí škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• molekulární struktura MeSH
• referenční hodnoty MeSH
• retardanty hoření škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• ryby metabolismus   MeSH
• štítná žláza účinky léků   metabolismus   MeSH
• xenobiotika škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• přehledy MeSH
• Názvy látek
• biologické markery MeSH
• endokrinní disruptory MeSH
• hormony štítné žlázy MeSH
• jodidperoxidasa MeSH
• látky znečišťující životní prostředí MeSH
• retardanty hoření MeSH
• xenobiotika MeSH

• MeSH
• biologické markery analýza   MeSH
• látky znečišťující životní prostředí škodlivé účinky   analýza   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mezinárodní spolupráce MeSH
• monitorování životního prostředí metody   MeSH
• rozvoj plánování MeSH
• vystavení vlivu životního prostředí škodlivé účinky   analýza   MeSH
• zdravotní politika MeSH
• zdravotní priority MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• zprávy MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Evropa MeSH
• Názvy látek
• biologické markery MeSH
• látky znečišťující životní prostředí MeSH